메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 277, Issue 1-2, 2009, Pages 280-289

Ground surface temperature history in southern Canada: Temperatures at the base of the Laurentide ice sheet and during the Holocene

Author keywords

climate; glaciation; glacier dynamics; ground surface temperature; Holocene; Laurentide ice sheet

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE; GLACIATION; GLACIER DYNAMICS; GROUND SURFACE TEMPERATURE; HOLOCENE; LAURENTIDE ICE SHEET;

EID: 57749093199     PISSN: 0012821X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2008.10.026     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (30)

References (65)
  • 2
    • 0019926745 scopus 로고
    • Precision logging of temperature gradients and the extraction of past climate
    • Beck A.E. Precision logging of temperature gradients and the extraction of past climate. Tectonophysics 83 (1982) 1-11
    • (1982) Tectonophysics , vol.83 , pp. 1-11
    • Beck, A.E.1
  • 3
    • 0003295074 scopus 로고
    • Ground temperature histories in eastern and central Canada from geothermal measurements: evidence of climatic change
    • Beltrami H., Jessop A.M., and Mareschal J.C. Ground temperature histories in eastern and central Canada from geothermal measurements: evidence of climatic change. Glob. Planet. Change 19 2-4 (1992) 167-184
    • (1992) Glob. Planet. Change , vol.19 , Issue.2-4 , pp. 167-184
    • Beltrami, H.1    Jessop, A.M.2    Mareschal, J.C.3
  • 4
    • 0030933691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous inversion of borehole temperature data for determination of ground surface temperature history
    • Beltrami H., Cheng L., and Mareschal J.C. Simultaneous inversion of borehole temperature data for determination of ground surface temperature history. Geophys. J. Int. 129 (1997) 311-318
    • (1997) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.129 , pp. 311-318
    • Beltrami, H.1    Cheng, L.2    Mareschal, J.C.3
  • 5
    • 0000093042 scopus 로고
    • The effect of Pleistocene climatic variations on geothermal gradients
    • Birch F. The effect of Pleistocene climatic variations on geothermal gradients. Am. J. Sci. 246 (1948) 729-760
    • (1948) Am. J. Sci. , vol.246 , pp. 729-760
    • Birch, F.1
  • 6
    • 0022226185 scopus 로고
    • Deglaciation chronology and revegetation in northwestern Ontario
    • Björck S. Deglaciation chronology and revegetation in northwestern Ontario. Can. J. Earth Sci. 22 (1985) 850-871
    • (1985) Can. J. Earth Sci. , vol.22 , pp. 850-871
    • Björck, S.1
  • 7
    • 19944383159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A paleolimnological record of Holocene climate and environmental change in the Temagami region, northeastern Ontario
    • Boudreau R.E.A., Galloway J.M., Patterson R.T., Kumar A., and Michel F.A. A paleolimnological record of Holocene climate and environmental change in the Temagami region, northeastern Ontario. J. Paleolimnol. 33 (2005) 445-461
    • (2005) J. Paleolimnol. , vol.33 , pp. 445-461
    • Boudreau, R.E.A.1    Galloway, J.M.2    Patterson, R.T.3    Kumar, A.4    Michel, F.A.5
  • 9
    • 34547159752 scopus 로고
    • Underground temperature and inferred climatic temperature of the past millennium
    • Cermak V. Underground temperature and inferred climatic temperature of the past millennium. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclim. Palaeoecol. 10 (1971) 1-9
    • (1971) Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclim. Palaeoecol. , vol.10 , pp. 1-9
    • Cermak, V.1
  • 10
    • 34250196137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selection of borehole temperature depth profiles for regional climate reconstructions
    • Chouinard C., and Mareschal J.C. Selection of borehole temperature depth profiles for regional climate reconstructions. Climate Past 3 (2007) 297-313
    • (2007) Climate Past , vol.3 , pp. 297-313
    • Chouinard, C.1    Mareschal, J.C.2
  • 11
    • 0033527784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Northern hemisphere ice-sheet influences on global climate change
    • Clark P.U., Alley R.B., and Pollard D. Northern hemisphere ice-sheet influences on global climate change. Science 286 (1999) 1104-1111
    • (1999) Science , vol.286 , pp. 1104-1111
    • Clark, P.U.1    Alley, R.B.2    Pollard, D.3
  • 12
    • 0028794232 scopus 로고
    • Ground temperature history in central Europe from borehole temperature data
    • Clauser C., and Mareschal J.C. Ground temperature history in central Europe from borehole temperature data. Geophys. J. Int. 121 3 (1995) 805-817
    • (1995) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.121 , Issue.3 , pp. 805-817
    • Clauser, C.1    Mareschal, J.C.2
  • 13
    • 0033853483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Holocene climate in the Western Great Lakes national parks and lakeshores: implications for future climate change
    • Davis M., Douglas C., Calcote R., Cole K.L., Green Winkler M., and Flakne R. Holocene climate in the Western Great Lakes national parks and lakeshores: implications for future climate change. Conserv. Biol. 14 4 (2000) 968-983
    • (2000) Conserv. Biol. , vol.14 , Issue.4 , pp. 968-983
    • Davis, M.1    Douglas, C.2    Calcote, R.3    Cole, K.L.4    Green Winkler, M.5    Flakne, R.6
  • 14
    • 0027830328 scopus 로고
    • Late and postglacial paleoenvironments of the Gulf of St.Lawrence: marine and palynological evidence
    • de Vernal A., Guiot J., and Turon J.L. Late and postglacial paleoenvironments of the Gulf of St.Lawrence: marine and palynological evidence. Geogr. Phys. Quat. 47 2 (1993) 167-180
    • (1993) Geogr. Phys. Quat. , vol.47 , Issue.2 , pp. 167-180
    • de Vernal, A.1    Guiot, J.2    Turon, J.L.3
  • 17
    • 0346268874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent warming in northwestern Ontario inferred from borehole temperature profiles
    • Gosselin C., and Mareschal J.C. Recent warming in northwestern Ontario inferred from borehole temperature profiles. J. Geophys. Res. 108 B9 (2003)
    • (2003) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.108 , Issue.B9
    • Gosselin, C.1    Mareschal, J.C.2
  • 18
    • 0141872951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variations in ground surface temperature histories in the Thompson Belt, Manitoba, Canada: environment and climate changes
    • Gosselin C., and Mareschal J.C. Variations in ground surface temperature histories in the Thompson Belt, Manitoba, Canada: environment and climate changes. Glob. Planet. Change 39 (2003) 271-284
    • (2003) Glob. Planet. Change , vol.39 , pp. 271-284
    • Gosselin, C.1    Mareschal, J.C.2
  • 19
    • 0006141286 scopus 로고
    • Paléoenvironnement d'une plage tardiglaciaire de 10580 ans BP dans la région de Charlevoix, Québec
    • Govaire E., and Gangloff P. Paléoenvironnement d'une plage tardiglaciaire de 10580 ans BP dans la région de Charlevoix, Québec. Geogr. Phys. Quat. 43 2 (1989) 147-160
    • (1989) Geogr. Phys. Quat. , vol.43 , Issue.2 , pp. 147-160
    • Govaire, E.1    Gangloff, P.2
  • 21
    • 0032502533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ground surface temperature history in central Canada inferred from 10 selected borehole temperature profiles
    • Guillou-Frottier L., Mareschal J.C., and Musset J. Ground surface temperature history in central Canada inferred from 10 selected borehole temperature profiles. J. Geophys. Res. 103 B4 (1998) 7385-7398
    • (1998) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.103 , Issue.B4 , pp. 7385-7398
    • Guillou-Frottier, L.1    Mareschal, J.C.2    Musset, J.3
  • 22
    • 0028812943 scopus 로고
    • Climate change on the Colorado Plateau of eastern Utah inferred from borehole temperatures
    • Harris R.N., and Chapman D.S. Climate change on the Colorado Plateau of eastern Utah inferred from borehole temperatures. J. Geophys. Res. 100 (1995) 6367-6381
    • (1995) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.100 , pp. 6367-6381
    • Harris, R.N.1    Chapman, D.S.2
  • 23
    • 0027091162 scopus 로고
    • Deformation till in the Great lakes region: implications for rapid flow along the south-central margin of the Laurentide Ice Sheet
    • Hicock S.R., and Dreimanis A. Deformation till in the Great lakes region: implications for rapid flow along the south-central margin of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Can. J. Earth. Sci. 29 (1992) 1565-1579
    • (1992) Can. J. Earth. Sci. , vol.29 , pp. 1565-1579
    • Hicock, S.R.1    Dreimanis, A.2
  • 24
    • 57749100666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hillaire-Marcel, C., 1979. Les mers post-glaciaires du Québec; quelques aspects. Ph.D. thesis, Thèse de Doctorat d'État, Univ. Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.
    • Hillaire-Marcel, C., 1979. Les mers post-glaciaires du Québec; quelques aspects. Ph.D. thesis, Thèse de Doctorat d'État, Univ. Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.
  • 25
    • 0000936240 scopus 로고
    • Post-glacial time calculations from recent measurements in the Calumet Copper Mine
    • Hotchkiss W.O., and Ingersoll L.R. Post-glacial time calculations from recent measurements in the Calumet Copper Mine. J. Geol. 42 (1934) 113-142
    • (1934) J. Geol. , vol.42 , pp. 113-142
    • Hotchkiss, W.O.1    Ingersoll, L.R.2
  • 26
    • 0031115633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistence of metal stress in a forested ecosystem near sudbury, 66 yrs after closure of the O'Donnell roast bed
    • Hutchinson T., and Symington M. Persistence of metal stress in a forested ecosystem near sudbury, 66 yrs after closure of the O'Donnell roast bed. J. Geochem. Explor. 58 (1997) 323-330
    • (1997) J. Geochem. Explor. , vol.58 , pp. 323-330
    • Hutchinson, T.1    Symington, M.2
  • 27
    • 0006733509 scopus 로고
    • Geothermal measurements at Mount Isa, Queensland
    • Hyndman R.D., and Sass J.H. Geothermal measurements at Mount Isa, Queensland. J. Geophys. Res. 71 (1966) 587-601
    • (1966) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.71 , pp. 587-601
    • Hyndman, R.D.1    Sass, J.H.2
  • 29
    • 0001008035 scopus 로고
    • The distribution of glacial perturbation of heat flow in Canada
    • Jessop A.M. The distribution of glacial perturbation of heat flow in Canada. Can. J. Earth Sci. 8 (1971) 162-166
    • (1971) Can. J. Earth Sci. , vol.8 , pp. 162-166
    • Jessop, A.M.1
  • 30
    • 0345404100 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frozen-bed Fennoscandian and Laurentide ice sheets during the Last Glacial Maximum
    • Kleman J., and Hättestrand C. Frozen-bed Fennoscandian and Laurentide ice sheets during the Last Glacial Maximum. Nature 402 (1999) 63-66
    • (1999) Nature , vol.402 , pp. 63-66
    • Kleman, J.1    Hättestrand, C.2
  • 31
    • 0038714052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weichselian temperatures from geothermal heat flow data
    • Kukkonen I.T., and Jõeleht A. Weichselian temperatures from geothermal heat flow data. J. Geophys. Res. 108 (2003)
    • (2003) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.108
    • Kukkonen, I.T.1    Jõeleht, A.2
  • 32
    • 0022923616 scopus 로고
    • Changing climate: geothermal evidence from permafrost in the Alaskan Arctic
    • Lachenbruch A.H., and Marshall B.V. Changing climate: geothermal evidence from permafrost in the Alaskan Arctic. Science 234 (1986) 689-696
    • (1986) Science , vol.234 , pp. 689-696
    • Lachenbruch, A.H.1    Marshall, B.V.2
  • 34
    • 0000498439 scopus 로고
    • Geotherms from the Lake Superior copper country
    • Lane A.C. Geotherms from the Lake Superior copper country. Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. 34 (1923) 703-720
    • (1923) Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. , vol.34 , pp. 703-720
    • Lane, A.C.1
  • 36
    • 0025243248 scopus 로고
    • Holocene paleoecology of the boreal forest and Great Lakes-St.Lawrence forest in Northern Ontario
    • Liu K. Holocene paleoecology of the boreal forest and Great Lakes-St.Lawrence forest in Northern Ontario. Ecol. Monogr. 60 2 (1990) 179-212
    • (1990) Ecol. Monogr. , vol.60 , Issue.2 , pp. 179-212
    • Liu, K.1
  • 37
    • 0021852759 scopus 로고
    • The influence of continental ice sheets on the climate of an ice age
    • Manabe S., and Broccoli A.J. The influence of continental ice sheets on the climate of an ice age. J. Geophys. Res. 90 (1985) 2167-2190
    • (1985) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.90 , pp. 2167-2190
    • Manabe, S.1    Broccoli, A.J.2
  • 38
    • 0026443773 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for recent warming from perturbed geothermal gradients: examples from eastern Canada
    • Mareschal J.C., and Beltrami H. Evidence for recent warming from perturbed geothermal gradients: examples from eastern Canada. Clim. Dynam. 6 (1992) 135-143
    • (1992) Clim. Dynam. , vol.6 , pp. 135-143
    • Mareschal, J.C.1    Beltrami, H.2
  • 39
    • 44049109500 scopus 로고
    • Ground temperature history from two deep boreholes in central France
    • Mareschal J.C., and Vasseur G. Ground temperature history from two deep boreholes in central France. Glob. Planet. Change 98 2-4 (1992) 185-192
    • (1992) Glob. Planet. Change , vol.98 , Issue.2-4 , pp. 185-192
    • Mareschal, J.C.1    Vasseur, G.2
  • 40
    • 0032694129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heat flow variations in a deep borehole near Sept-Iles, Québec, Canada: paleoclimatic interpretation and implications for regional heat flow estimates
    • Mareschal J.C., Rolandone F., and Bienfait G. Heat flow variations in a deep borehole near Sept-Iles, Québec, Canada: paleoclimatic interpretation and implications for regional heat flow estimates. Geophys. Res. Lett. 26 14 (1999) 2049-2052
    • (1999) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.26 , Issue.14 , pp. 2049-2052
    • Mareschal, J.C.1    Rolandone, F.2    Bienfait, G.3
  • 42
    • 0038066409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basal temperature evolution of North American ice sheets and implications for the 100 kyr cycle
    • Marshall S.J., and Clark P.U. Basal temperature evolution of North American ice sheets and implications for the 100 kyr cycle. Geophys. Res. Lett. 29 (2002) 67-71
    • (2002) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.29 , pp. 67-71
    • Marshall, S.J.1    Clark, P.U.2
  • 43
    • 0033860621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glaciological reconstruction of the Laurentide ice sheet: physical processes and modelling challenges
    • Marshall S.J., Tarasov L., Clarke G.K.C., and Peltier W.R. Glaciological reconstruction of the Laurentide ice sheet: physical processes and modelling challenges. Can. J. Earth Sci. 37 (2000) 769-793
    • (2000) Can. J. Earth Sci. , vol.37 , pp. 769-793
    • Marshall, S.J.1    Tarasov, L.2    Clarke, G.K.C.3    Peltier, W.R.4
  • 44
    • 0036143362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • North American ice sheet reconstructions at the Last Glacial Maximum
    • Marshall S.J., James T.S., and Clarke G.K.C. North American ice sheet reconstructions at the Last Glacial Maximum. Quat. Sci. Rev. 21 1 (2002)
    • (2002) Quat. Sci. Rev. , vol.21 , Issue.1
    • Marshall, S.J.1    James, T.S.2    Clarke, G.K.C.3
  • 45
    • 0008409840 scopus 로고
    • The measurement of heat flow over land
    • Runcorn S.K. (Ed), Wiley-Interscience, New-York
    • Misener A.D., and Beck A.E. The measurement of heat flow over land. In: Runcorn S.K. (Ed). Methods and Techniques in Geophysics (1960), Wiley-Interscience, New-York 11-61
    • (1960) Methods and Techniques in Geophysics , pp. 11-61
    • Misener, A.D.1    Beck, A.E.2
  • 46
    • 0035113983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental processes of the ice age: land, oceans, glaciers (EPILOG)
    • Mix A.C., Bard E., and Schneider R. Environmental processes of the ice age: land, oceans, glaciers (EPILOG). Quat. Sci. Rev. 20 (2001) 627-657
    • (2001) Quat. Sci. Rev. , vol.20 , pp. 627-657
    • Mix, A.C.1    Bard, E.2    Schneider, R.3
  • 47
    • 57749087993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mott, R.J., 1973. Palynological studies in Central Saskatchewan. Paper 72-49, Geol. Surv. Canada, Ottawa, ON.
    • Mott, R.J., 1973. Palynological studies in Central Saskatchewan. Paper 72-49, Geol. Surv. Canada, Ottawa, ON.
  • 48
    • 0030850729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for rapid avian-mediated foraminiferal colonization of Lake Winnipegosis, Manitoba, during the Holocene Hypsithermal
    • Patterson R.T., McKillop W.B., Kroker S., Nielsen E., and Reinhard E.G. Evidence for rapid avian-mediated foraminiferal colonization of Lake Winnipegosis, Manitoba, during the Holocene Hypsithermal. J. Paleolimnol. 18 (1997) 131-143
    • (1997) J. Paleolimnol. , vol.18 , pp. 131-143
    • Patterson, R.T.1    McKillop, W.B.2    Kroker, S.3    Nielsen, E.4    Reinhard, E.G.5
  • 49
    • 1242294089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global glacial isostasy and the surface of the Ice-Age Earth: the ICE-5G (VM2) model and GRACE
    • Peltier W.R. Global glacial isostasy and the surface of the Ice-Age Earth: the ICE-5G (VM2) model and GRACE. Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 32 (2004) 111-149
    • (2004) Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. , vol.32 , pp. 111-149
    • Peltier, W.R.1
  • 51
    • 0000243395 scopus 로고
    • Histoire postglaciaire de la végétation au lac du Diable
    • Richard P., and Labelle C. Histoire postglaciaire de la végétation au lac du Diable. Geogr. Phys. Quat. 43 (1988) 337-354
    • (1988) Geogr. Phys. Quat. , vol.43 , pp. 337-354
    • Richard, P.1    Labelle, C.2
  • 52
    • 0021023348 scopus 로고
    • The paleoecology of the central and northern parts of the glacial lake agassiz basin
    • Glacial Lake Agassiz. Teller J.T., and Claton L. (Eds)
    • Ritchie J.C. The paleoecology of the central and northern parts of the glacial lake agassiz basin. In: Teller J.T., and Claton L. (Eds). Glacial Lake Agassiz. Geological Association of Canada Special Paper vol. 26 (1983) 157-170
    • (1983) Geological Association of Canada Special Paper , vol.26 , pp. 157-170
    • Ritchie, J.C.1
  • 54
    • 0348172344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temperatures at the base of the Laurentide Ice Sheet inferred from borehole temperature data
    • Rolandone F., Mareschal J.C., and Jaupart C. Temperatures at the base of the Laurentide Ice Sheet inferred from borehole temperature data. Geophys. Res. Lett. 30 18 (2003) 1944
    • (2003) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.30 , Issue.18 , pp. 1944
    • Rolandone, F.1    Mareschal, J.C.2    Jaupart, C.3
  • 55
    • 0001036683 scopus 로고
    • The deglaciation history of the Lake Superior region and its climatic implications
    • Saarnisto M. The deglaciation history of the Lake Superior region and its climatic implications. Quaternary Res. 4 (1974) 316-339
    • (1974) Quaternary Res. , vol.4 , pp. 316-339
    • Saarnisto, M.1
  • 56
    • 0001619821 scopus 로고
    • Uniform heat flow in a deep hole in the Canadian Shield and its paleoclimatic implications
    • Sass J.H., Lachenbruch A.H., and Jessop A.M. Uniform heat flow in a deep hole in the Canadian Shield and its paleoclimatic implications. J. Geophys. Res. 76 (1971) 8586-8596
    • (1971) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.76 , pp. 8586-8596
    • Sass, J.H.1    Lachenbruch, A.H.2    Jessop, A.M.3
  • 57
    • 0020970145 scopus 로고
    • Determination of surface temperature history from borehole temperature gradients
    • Shen P.Y., and Beck A.E. Determination of surface temperature history from borehole temperature gradients. J. Geophys. Res. 88 (1983) 7485-7494
    • (1983) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.88 , pp. 7485-7494
    • Shen, P.Y.1    Beck, A.E.2
  • 58
    • 0026301378 scopus 로고
    • Least squares inversion of borehole temperature measurements in functional space
    • Shen P.Y., and Beck A.E. Least squares inversion of borehole temperature measurements in functional space. J. Geophys. Res. 96 (1991) 19965-19979
    • (1991) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.96 , pp. 19965-19979
    • Shen, P.Y.1    Beck, A.E.2
  • 59
    • 0027068844 scopus 로고
    • Paleoclimate change and heat flow density from temperature data in the Superior Province of the Canadian Shield
    • Shen P.Y., and Beck A.E. Paleoclimate change and heat flow density from temperature data in the Superior Province of the Canadian Shield. Glob. Planet. Change 98 2-4 (1992) 143-165
    • (1992) Glob. Planet. Change , vol.98 , Issue.2-4 , pp. 143-165
    • Shen, P.Y.1    Beck, A.E.2
  • 60
    • 0027044059 scopus 로고
    • A comparative study of inverse methods for estimating climatic history from borehole data
    • Shen P.Y., Wang K., Beltrami H., and Mareschal J.C. A comparative study of inverse methods for estimating climatic history from borehole data. Glob. Planet. Change 98 2-4 (1992) 113-127
    • (1992) Glob. Planet. Change , vol.98 , Issue.2-4 , pp. 113-127
    • Shen, P.Y.1    Wang, K.2    Beltrami, H.3    Mareschal, J.C.4
  • 61
    • 0033608942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of thermomechanical ice sheet coupling on a model of the 100 kyr ice age cycle
    • Tarasov L., and Peltier W.R. Impact of thermomechanical ice sheet coupling on a model of the 100 kyr ice age cycle. J. Geophys. Res. 104 (1999) 9517-9546
    • (1999) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.104 , pp. 9517-9546
    • Tarasov, L.1    Peltier, W.R.2
  • 62
    • 1242300241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A geophysically constrained large ensemble analysis of the deglacial history of the North American ice-sheet complex
    • Tarasov L., and Peltier W.R. A geophysically constrained large ensemble analysis of the deglacial history of the North American ice-sheet complex. Quat. Sci. Rev. 23 (2004) 359-388
    • (2004) Quat. Sci. Rev. , vol.23 , pp. 359-388
    • Tarasov, L.1    Peltier, W.R.2
  • 65
    • 0000672507 scopus 로고
    • Paleoecology of range limits: beech in the upper peninsula of Michigan
    • Woods K.D., and Davis M.B. Paleoecology of range limits: beech in the upper peninsula of Michigan. Ecology 70 3 (1989) 681-696
    • (1989) Ecology , vol.70 , Issue.3 , pp. 681-696
    • Woods, K.D.1    Davis, M.B.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.