Central vertigo and dizziness: Epidemiology, differential diagnosis, and common causes

Neurologist

Volumn 14, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 355-364

  Karatas, Mehmet ^a,b  

^a BASKENT UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

^b NONE   (Turkey)

Author keywords

Central causes; Central vertigo; Differential diagnosis; Dizziness; Epidemiology

Indexed keywords

DIAZEPAM; MECLOZINE; PROMETHAZINE;

ANXIETY DISORDER; CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE; DEPRESSION; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; DIZZINESS; EPILEPSY; HUMAN; MIGRAINE; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; NAUSEA; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; NYSTAGMUS; PANIC; PARANEOPLASTIC NEUROPATHY; PONS ANGLE TUMOR; POSTERIOR CRANIAL FOSSA TUMOR; PRESYNCOPE; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; VERTIGO; VOMITING;

DIZZINESS; HUMANS; VERTIGO;

EID: 57749090166     PISSN: 10747931     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/NRL.0b013e31817533a3     Document Type: Review

References (87)

1. Dieterich M. Dizziness. Neurologist. 2004;10:154-164.
2. Eggers SDZ, Zee DS. Central vestibular disorders. In: Cummings CW, Flint PW, Harker LA, et al., eds. Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, 4th ed. vol 4. St. Louis: Mosby; 2005:3254-3288.
3. Chu YT, Cheng L. Vertigo and dizziness [in Chinese]. Acta Neurol Taiwan. 2007;16:50-60.
4. Chawla N, Olshaker JS. Diagnosis and management of dizziness and vertigo. Med Clin North Am. 2006;90:291-304.
5. Baloh RW. Vertigo. Lancet. 1998;352:1841-1846.
6. Farrehi PM, Santinga JT, Eagle KA. Syncope: diagnosis of cardiac and noncardiac causes. Geriatrics. 1995;50:24-30.
7. Hilz MJ, Marthol H, Neundörfer B. Syncope- a systematic overview of classification, pathogenesis, diagnosis and management [in German]. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr. 2002;70:95-107.
8. Querner V, Krafczyk S, Dieterich M, et al. Phobic postural vertigo. Body sway during visually induced roll vection. Exp Brain Res. 2002;143:269-275.
9. Eckhardt A, Tettenborn B, Krauthauser H, et al. Vertigo and anxiety disorders-results of interdisciplinary evaluation [in German]. Laryngorhinootologie. 1996;75:517-522.
10. Riina N, Ilmari P, Kentala E. Vertigo and imbalance in children: a retrospective study in a Helsinki University otorhinolaryngology clinic. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2005;131:996-1000.
11. Kerber KA, Brown DL, Lisabeth LD, et al. Stroke among patients with dizziness, vertigo, and imbalance in the emergency department: a population-based study. Stroke. 2006;37:2484-2487.
12. Crespi V. Dizziness and vertigo: an epidemiological survey and patient management in the emergency room. Neurol Sci. 2004;25(suppl 1):S24-S25.
13. Neuhauser HK, von Brevern M, Radtke A, et al. Epidemiology of vestibular vertigo: a neurotologic survey of the general population. Neurology. 2005;65:898-904.
14. Kanashiro AM, Pereira CB, Melo AC, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of the most frequent vestibular syndromes [in Portuguese]. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2005;63:140-144.
15. Sekine K, Sato G, Takeda N. Incidence of vertigo and dizziness disorders at a university hospital [in Japanese]. Nippon Jibiinkoka Gakkai Kaiho. 2005;108:842-849.
16. Kroenke K, Hoffman RM, Einstadter D. How common are various causes of dizziness? A critical review. South Med J. 2000;93:160-167.
17. Neuhauser HK. Epidemiology of vertigo. Curr Opin Neurol. 2007;20:40-46.
18. Zingler VC, Cnyrim C, Jahn K, et al. Causative factors and epidemiology of bilateral vestibulopathy in 255 patients. Ann Neurol. 2007;61:524-532.
19. Uno A, Nagai M, Sakata Y, et al. Statistical observation of vertigo and dizziness patients [in Japanese]. Nippon Jibiinkoka Gakkai Kaiho. 2001;104:1119-1125.
20. Hain TC, Micco A. Neuroanatomical localization and syndromes, cranial nerve III: vestibulocochlear system. In: Goetz CG, Pappert EJ, eds. Textbook of Clinical Neurology. 1st ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company; 1999:184-199.
21. Fife TD. Common central causes of dizziness and vertigo. Education program syllabus, 5PC. 001-51-59. In: 59th AAN Annual Meeting; April 28-May 5, 2007; Boston.
22. Büttner U, Helmchen C, Brandt T. Diagnostic criteria for central versus peripheral positioning nystagmus and vertigo: a review. Acta Otolaryngol. 1999;119:1-5.
23. Baloh RW. Differentiating between peripheral and central causes of vertigo. J Neurol Sci. 2004;221:3.
24. Ayerbe I, Négrevergne M. Vertigo and pathology of the cerebellospinal system [in French]. Rev Laryngol Otol Rhinol (Bord). 2005;126:227-233.
25. Mukherjee A, Chatterjee SK, Chakravarty A. Vertigo and dizziness - a clinical approach. J Assoc Physicians India. 2003;51:1095-1101.
26. Sakata E, Umeda Y. Caloric-eye tracking pattern test: I. Visual suppression and the possibility of simplified differential diagnosis between peripheral and central vertigo. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1976;85:261-267.
27. Brandt T, Dieterich M. The vestibular cortex. Its locations, functions, and disorders. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1999;871:293-312.
28. Takahashi S, Fetter M, Koenig E, et al. The clinical significance of head-shaking nystagmus in the dizzy patient. Acta Otolaryngol. 1990;109:8-14.
29. Baloh RW. Episodic vertigo: central nervous system causes. Curr Opin Neurol. 2002;15:17-21.
30. Psillas G, Kekes G, Constantinidis J, et al. Subclavian steal syndrome: neurotological manifestations. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 2007;27:33-37.
31. Grad A, Baloh RW. Vertigo of vascular origin. Clinical and electronystagmographic features in 84 cases. Arch Neurol. 1989;46:281-284.
32. Savitz SI, Caplan LR. Vertebrobasilar disease. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:2618-2626.
33. Lum CF, Ilsen PF, Kawasaki B. Subclavian steal syndrome. Optometry. 2004;75:147-160.
34. Brandt T, Bötzel K, Yousry T, et al. Rotational vertigo in embolic stroke of the vestibular and auditory cortices. Neurology. 1995;45:42-44.
35. Troost BT. Dizziness and vertigo in vertebrobasilar disease. Part II. Central causes and vertebrobasilar disease. Stroke. 1980;11:413-415.
36. Johkura K. Central paroxysmal positional vertigo: isolated dizziness caused by small cerebellar hemorrhage. Stroke. 2007;38:26-27.
37. Troost BT. Dizziness and vertigo in vertebrobasilar disease. Part 1: peripheral and systemic causes dizziness. Stroke. 1980;11:301-303.
38. Porta-Etessam J. Migraine and vertigo [in Spanish]. Rev Neurol. 2007;44:490-493.
39. Neuhauser H, Lempert T. Vertigo and dizziness related to migraine: a diagnostic challenge. Cephalalgia. 2004;24:83-91.
40. Lempert T, Neuhauser H. Vertigo as a symptom of migraine [in German]. Med Klin (Munich). 2001;96:475-479.
41. Furman JM, Sparto PJ, Soso M, et al. Vestibular function in migraine-related dizziness: a pilot study. J Vestib Res. 2005;15:327-332.
42. Eggers SD. Migraine-related vertigo: diagnosis and treatment. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2006;6:106-115.
43. Silberstein SD, Saper JR, Freitag FG. Migraine: diagnosis and treatment. In: SD Silberstein, RB Lipton, DJ Dalessio, eds. Wolff's Headache and Other Head Pain. 7th ed. New York: Oxford University Pres Inc; 2001:121-237.
44. Neuhauser H, Leopold M, von Brevern M, et al. The interrelations of migraine, vertigo, and migrainous vertigo. Neurology. 2001;56:436-441.
45. Neuhauser HK, Radtke A, von Brevern M, et al. Migrainous vertigo: prevalence and impact on quality of life. Neurology. 2006;67:1028-1033.
46. Dieterich M, Brandt T. Episodic vertigo related to migraine (90 cases): vestibular migraine? J Neurol. 1999;246:883-892.
47. Maione A. Migraine-related vertigo: diagnostic criteria and prophylactic treatment. Laryngoscope. 2006;116:1782-1786.
48. Alpini D, Caputo D, Pugnetti L, et al. Vertigo and multiple sclerosis: aspects of differential diagnosis. Neurol Sci. 2001;Suppl 2:S84-S87.
49. Frohman EM, Zhang H, Dewey RB, et al. Vertigo in MS: utility of positional and particle repositioning maneuvers. Neurology. 2000;55:1566-1569.
50. Bertholon P, Tringali S, Faye MB, et al. Prospective study of positional nystagmus in 100 consecutive patients. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2006;115:587-594.
51. Brandt T. Positional and positioning vertigo and nystagmus. J Neurol Sci. 1990;95:3-28.
52. Rosenhall U. Positional nystagmus. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 1988;455:17-20.
53. Fried I, Spencer DD, Spencer SS. The anatomy of epileptic auras: focal pathology and surgical outcome. J Neurosurg. 1995;83:60-66.
54. Kluge M, Beyenburg S, Fernández G, et al. Epileptic vertigo: evidence for vestibular representation in human frontal cortex. Neurology. 2000;55:1906-1908.
55. Arenberg IK, Countryman LL, Bernstein LH, et al. Vincent's violent vertigo. An analysis of the original diagnosis of epilepsy vs. the current diagnosis of Meniére's disease. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 1991;485:84-103.
56. Dobesberger J, Walser G, Embacher N, et al. Gyratory seizures revisited: a video-EEG study. Neurology. 2005;64:1884-1887.
57. Leiguarda R, Nogués M, Berthier M. Gyratory epilepsy in a patient with a thalamic neoplasm. Epilepsia. 1992;33:826-828.
58. Cantor FK. Seizures evoked by vestibular stimuli. Neurology. 1970;20:380.
59. Barac B. Vertiginous epileptic attacks and so-called "vestibulogenic seizures." Epilepsia. 1968;9:137-144.
60. Goel A, Bhatjiwale M, Desai K. Basilar invagination: a study based on 190 surgically treated patients. J Neurosurg. 1998;88:962-968.
61. Singh SK, Rickards L, Apfelbaum RI, et al. Occipitocervical reconstruction with the Ohio Medical Instruments Loop: results of a multicenter evaluation in 30 cases. J Neurosurg. 2003;98(suppl 3):239-246.
62. Rosenbaum RB, Ciaverella DP. Disorders of bones, joints, ligaments, and meninges. In: WG Bradley, RB Daroff, GM Fenichel, J Jankovic, eds. Neurology in Clinical Practice. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Butterworth-Heinemann; 2004:2189-2222.
63. Strayer A. Chiari I malformation: clinical presentation and management. J Neurosci Nurs. 2001;33:90-96.
64. Oldfield EH, Muraszko K, Shawker TH, et al. Pathophysiology of syringomyelia associated with Chiari I malformation of the cerebellar tonsils. Implications for diagnosis and treatment. J Neurosurg. 1994;80:3-15.
65. Bertholon P, Bronstein AM, Davies RA, et al. Positional down beating nystagmus in 50 patients: cerebellar disorders and possible anterior semicircular canalithiasis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2002;72:366-372.
66. DeAngelis LM, Bruca JN. Tumors of the skull and cranial nerves. In: LP Rowland, ed. Merritt's Neurology. 11th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005:378-386.
67. Moffat DA, Saunders JE, McElveen JT Jr, et al. Unusual cerebellopontine angle tumours. J Laryngol Otol. 1993;107:1087-1098.
68. Yohay K. Neurofibromatosis types 1 and 2. Neurologist. 2006;12:86-93.
69. Basić-Jukić N, Kes P, Basić-Kes V, Brunetta B. Importance of plasmapheresis in the treatment of paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration [in Croatian]. Acta Med Croatica. 2004;58:63-66.
70. Plotkin SR, Dorfman MV, Loeffler JS. Facial numbness in a man with inguinal and retroperitoneal masses. Nat Clin Pract Oncol. 2005;2:54-58.
71. Dorn C, Knobloch C, Kupka M, et al. Paraneoplastic neurological syndrome: patient with anti-Yo antibody and breast cancer: a case report. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2003;269:62-65.
72. Johns JB, Odunsi KO, Fleischman S, et al. Serous adenocarcinoma of the uterus presenting as paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration. Gynecol Oncol. 1999;73:326-330.
73. Shams'ili S, Grefkens J, de Leeuw B, et al. Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration associated with antineuronal antibodies: analysis of 50 patients. Brain. 2003;126:1409-1418.
74. Bressman SB, Saunders-Pullmann RJ, Rosenberg RN. Hereditary ataxias. In: LP Rowland, ed. Merritt's Neurology. 11th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005:783-800.
75. Cagnoli C, Mariotti C, Taroni F, et al. SCA28, a novel form of autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia on chromosome 18p11.22-q11.2. Brain. 2006;129:235-242.
76. Jen J. Familial episodic ataxias and related ion channel disorders. Curr Treat Options Neurol. 2000;2:429-431.
77. Brandt T, Strupp M. Episodic ataxia type 1 and 2 (familial periodic ataxia/vertigo). Audiol Neurootol. 1997;2:373-383.
78. Strupp M, Zwergal A, Brandt T. Episodic ataxia type 2. Neurotherapeutics. 2007;4:267-273.
79. Subramony SH, Schott K, Raike RS, et al. Novel CACNA1A mutation causes febrile episodic ataxia with interictal cerebellar deficits. Ann Neurol. 2003;54:725-731.
80. Baloh RW, Jen JC. Genetics of familial episodic vertigo and ataxia. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2002;956:338-345.
81. Huppert D, Strupp M, Rettinger N, et al. Phobic postural vertigo - a long-term follow-up (5 to 15 years) of 106 patients. J Neurol. 2005;252:564-569.
82. Dieterich M. Detecting phobic vertigo! [in German]. MMW Fortschr Med. 2000;142:26-29.
83. Pollak L, Klein C, Stryjer R, et al. Phobic postural vertigo: a new proposed entity. Isr Med Assoc J. 2003;5:720-723.
84. Brandt T, Huppert D, Dieterich M. Phobic postural vertigo: a first follow-up. J Neurol. 1994;241:191-195.
85. Strupp M, Glaser M, Karch C, et al. The most common form of dizziness in middle age: phobic postural vertigo [in German]. Nervenarzt. 2003;74:911-914.
86. Nair N, Padder FA, Kanthana BK. Pathophysiology and management of neurocardiogenic syncope. Am J Manag Care. 2003;9:327-334.
87. Carothers B, Schmidt L, Puri V. Case reports and review of Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia syndrome (POTS). J Ky Med Assoc. 2003;101:549-552.