Sediment geochemistry and tectonic setting: Application of discrimination diagrams to early stages of intracontinental rift evolution, with examples from the Okavango and Southern Tanganyika rift basins

Journal of African Earth Sciences

Volumn 53, Issue 1-2, 2009, Pages 33-44

  Huntsman Mapila, P ^a   Tiercelin, J J ^b   Benoit, M ^c   Ringrose, S ^a   Diskin, S ^a   Cotten, J ^c   Hemond C ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BOTSWANA   (Botswana)

^b UNIVERSITÉ DE RENNES 1   (France)

^c Universite de Bretagne Occidentale   (France)

Author keywords

Geochemical elements; Okavango; Rift basin; Sediment source; Tanganyika; Tectonic setting

Indexed keywords

DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS; LACUSTRINE DEPOSIT; PASSIVE MARGIN; QUATERNARY; RARE EARTH ELEMENT; RIFT ZONE; SANDSTONE; SEDIMENT CHEMISTRY; TECTONIC SETTING;

AFRICA; EAST AFRICAN LAKES; EAST AFRICAN RIFT; LAKE TANGANYIKA; NAMIBIA; OKAVANGO; SOUTHERN AFRICA; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA;

EID: 57649171507     PISSN: 08995362     EISSN: 1464343X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2008.07.005     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Bhatia M.R. Plate tectonics and geochemical composition of sandstones. Journal of Geology 91 (1983) 611-627
2. Bhatia M.R., and Crook K.A.W. Trace element characteristics of graywackes and tectonic setting discrimination of sedimentary basins. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 92 (1986) 181-193
3. Brewer, M.S., Halsam, H.W., Darbyshire, P.F.P., Davis, A.E., 1979. Rb/Sr age determinations in the Bangweulu Block Luapula Provnice Zambia. Inst. Geol. Sci. London, 79(5), 11 pp.
4. Carney, J.N., Aldiss, D.T., Lock, N.P., 1994. The geology of Botswana. Geological Survey Department, Lobatse, Botswana, pp. 113.
5. Condie K.C., Dengate J., and Cullers R.L. Behaviour of rare earth elements in a paleoweathering profile on granodiorite in the Front Range, Colorado, USA. Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta 59 (1995) 279-294
6. Cullers R.L. The controls on the major and trace element variations of shales, siltstones, and sandstones of Pennsylvanian-Permian age from uplifted continental blocks in Colorado to platform sediment in Kansas, USA. Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta 58 (1994) 4955-4972
7. Cullers R.L. The chemical signature of source rocks in size fractions of Holocene stream sediment derived from metamorphic rocks in the Wet Mountains region, USA. Chemical Geology 113 (1994) 327-343
8. Cullers R.L., Barrett T., Carlson R., and Robinson B. Rare earth element and mineralogical changes in Holocene soil and stream sediment: a case study in the Wet Mountains, Colorado, USA. Chemical Geology 63 (1987) 275-297
9. Cullers R.L., Basu A., and Suttner L.J. Geochemical signature of provenance in sand-size material in soils and stream sediments near the Tobacco Root batholith Montana USA. Chemical Geology 70 (1988) 335-348
10. Daly M.C., and Unrug R. The Muva Supergroup of northern Zambia: a craton to mobile belt sedimentary sequence. Transaction of the Geological Society of South Africa 85 (1983) 155-165
11. Dickinson W.R., and Suczec C.A. Plate tectonics and sandstone compositions. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 63 (1979) 2171
12. DWA (Department of Water Affairs), 1997. Appendix B: Geomorphology and sedimentology. In: Maun Groundwater Development Project Phase 1. Water Affairs Department, Gaborone, Botswana, prepared by Eastend Investments.
13. Ebinger C.J., Deino A.L., Drake R.E., and Tesha A.L. Chronology of volcanism and rift basin propagation: Rungwe volcani province, East Africa. Journal of Geophysical Research 94 (1989) 15785-15803
14. Fedo C.M., Eriksson K.A., and Krogstad E.J. Geochemistry of shales from the Archaean (∼ 3.0 Ga) Buhwa Greenstone Belt, Zimbabwe: implications for provenance and source-area weathering. Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta 60 (1996) 1751-1763
15. Floyd P.A., Shail R., Leveridge B.E., and Fanke W. Geochemistry and provenance of Rhenohercynian synorogenic sandstones: implications for tectonic environment discrimination. In: Morton A.C., Todd S.P., and Haughton P.D.W. (Eds). Developments in sedimentary provenance studies vol. 7 (1991), Geological Society Special Publication 173-188
16. Gawthorpe R.L., and Leeder R. Tectono-sedimentary evolution of active extensional basins. Basin Research 12 (2000) 195-218
17. Gumbrict T., McCarthy T.S., and Merry C.L. The topography of the Okavango Delta, Botswana, and its tectonic and sedimentological implications. South African Journal of Geology 104 (2001) 243-264
18. Harkin D.A. The Rungwe volcanics at the northern end of Lake Nyasa. Memoirs of Geological Survey, Tanganyika 2 (1960) 172
19. Huntsman-Mapila P., Kampunzu A.B., Vink B., and Ringrose S. Cryptic indicators of provenance from the geochemistry of the Okavango Delta sediments, Botswana. Sedimentary Geology 174 1-2 (2005) 123-148
20. Kampunzu A.B., Bonhomme M.G., and Kanika M. Geochronology of volcanic rocks and evolution of the Cenozoic Western branch of the East African rift system. Journal of African Earth Sciences 26 (1998) 441-461
21. Kampunzu A.B., Armstrong M.P., Modisi M.P., and Mapeo R.B. The Kibaran belt in southwest Africa: ion microprobe U-Pb zircon data and definition of the Kibaran Ngami belt in Botswana, Namibia and Angola. Gondwana Research 2 (1999) 571-572
22. Kampunzu A.B., Armstrong R.A., Modisi M.P., and Mapeo R.B.M. Ion microprobe U-Pb ages on single detrital zircon grains from Ghanzi Group: implications for the identification of a Kibaran-age crust in northwestern Botswana. Journal African Earth Sciences 30 (2000) 579-587
23. Le Turdu C., Tiercelin J.-J., Gibert E., Travi Y., Lezzar K.E., Richert J.P., Massault M., Gasse F., Bonnefile R., Decobert M., Gensous B., Jeudy V., Tamrat E., Mohammed M.EU., Martens K., Atnafu B., Chernet T., Williamson D., and Taieb M. The Ziway-SHala lake basin system, Main Ethiopian Rift: Influence of volcanism, tectonics, and climatic forcing on basin formation and sedimentation. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology. Palaeoecology 150 (1999) 135-177
24. Leeder M. Tectonic control upon drainage basin development, river channel migration and alluvial architecture: implications for hydrocarbon reservoir development and characterization. In: North C.P., and Prosser D.J. (Eds). Characterization of Fluvial and Aeolina Reservoirs (1993), Geological Society London Special Publication, 73 7-22
25. Mapeo R.B.M., Armstrong R.A., and Kampunzu A.B. Ages of detrital zircon grains from Neoproterozoic siliciclastic rocks in Shakawe area: implications for the evolution of the Proterozoic crust in northern Botswana. South African Journal of Geology 103 (2000) 156-161
26. Mapeo R.B.M., and Armstrong R.A. Ion microphobe U-Pb zircon geochronology of gneisses from the Gweta borehole, NE Botswana: implications for the Paleoproterozoic Magondi belt in southern Africa. Geological Magazine 138 (2001) 299-308
27. McCarthy T.S., Green R.W., and Franey N.J. The influence of neo-tectonics on water dispersal in the northeastern regions of the Okavango swamps, Botswana. Journal of African Earth Sciences 17 (1993) 23-32
28. McLennan S.M. Rare earth elements in sedimentary rocks: influence of provenance and sedimentary processes. Mineralogical Society of America 21 (1989) 683-724
29. McLennan S.M., Taylor S.R., McCulloch M.T., and Maynard J.B. Geochemistry and Nd-Sr isotopic composition of deep sea turbidites: crustal evolution and plate tectonic associations. Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta 54 (1990) 2015-2050
30. McLennan S.M., Hemming S., McDaniel D.K., and Hanson G.N. Geochemical approaches to sedimentation, provenance and tectonics. Geological Society of America 284 (1993) 21-40
31. Modisi M.P. Fault system of the southeastern boundary of the Okavango Rift, Botswana. Journal of African Earth Sciences 30 (2000) 569-578
32. Modisi M.P., Atekwana E.A., Kampunzu A.B., and Ngwisanyi T.H. Rift kinematics during the incipient stages of continental extension: evidence from nascent Okavango rift basin, northwest Botswana. Geology 28 (2000) 939-942
33. Mondeguer, A., 1991. Bassins sédimentaires en contexte extensif et décrochant: l'exemple du "Complexe des fosses sud-Tanganyika", Rift Est- Africain. Morphostructures et sédimentation. Ph.D. Thesis. l'Université de Bretagne Occidentale.
34. Mondeguer A., Ravenne C., Masse P., and Tiercelin J.J. Sedimentary basin in an extension and strike-slip background: the South Tanganyika troughs complex, East African Rift. Bulletin De La Societe Geologique De France 8 3 (1989) 501-522
35. Nesbitt H.W., and Young G.M. Early Proterozoic climates and plate motions inferred from major element chemistry of lutites. Nature 299 (1982) 715-717
36. Nesbitt H.W., and Young G.M. Prediction of some weathering trends of plutonic and volcanic rocks based on thermodynamic and kinetic considerations. Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta 48 (1984) 1523-1534
37. Ringrose S., Huntsman-Mapila P., Kampunzu A.B., Matheson W., Downey W., Vink B., Coetzee C., and Vanderpost C. Sedimentological and geochemical evidence for palaeo-environmental change in the Makgadikgadi subbasin, in relation to the MOZ rift depression, Botswana. Palaeogeography, Palaeloclimatology, Palaeoecology 217 (2005) 265-287
38. Rollinson H. Using Geochemical Data: Evaluation, Presentation, Interpretation (1993), Longman Scientific and Technical, New York 352 pp.
39. 2O ratio. Journal of Geology 94 (1986) 75-83
40. Roser B.P., and Korsch R.J. Provenance signatures of sandstone-mudstone suites determined using discriminant function analysis of major-element data. Chemical Geology 67 (1988) 119-139
41. Ryan K.M., and Williams D.M. Testing the reliability of discrimination diagrams for determining the tectonic depositional environment of ancient sedimentary basins. Chemical Geology 5 (2007) 54-56 10.106/j.chemgeo.2007.03.01
42. Taylor S.R., and McLennan S.M. The continental crust: its composition and evolution (1985), Blackwell Scientific, Oxford 312
43. Tiercelin J.-J., and Lezzar K.E. A 300 million year history of lakes in central and east Africa: an updated broad review. In: Odada E.O., and Olagao D.O. (Eds). The East African Great leks Limnology Palaeolimnology and Biodiversity (2002), Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands
44. Tiercelin J.-J., and Mondeguer A. The geology of the Tanganyika Trough. In: Coulter G.W. (Ed). Lake Tanganyika and its Life (1991), Oxford University Press, Oxford 7-48
45. Tiercelin J.-J., Thouin C., Tshibangu K., and Mondeguer A. Discovery of sublacustrine hydrothermal activity and associated massive sulphides and hydrocarbons in the north Tanganyika trough, East African Rift. Geology 17 (1989) 1053-1056
46. Unrug R. The mid-proterozoic Mporokoso group of northern Zambia: Stratigraphy, sedimentation and regional position. Precambrian Research 24 (1984) 99-121
47. Williams T.M., Henney P.J., and Owen R.B. Recent eruptice episodes of the Rungwe Volcanic Field (Tanzania) recorded in the lacustrine sediments of the Northern Malawi Rift. Journal of African Earth Sciences 17 (1993) 33-39
48. Wronkiewicz D.J., and Condie K.C. Geochemistry of Archean shales from the Witwatersrand Supergroup, South Africa: source-area weathering and provenance. Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta 51 (1987) 2401-2416