Retinyl palmitate is non-genotoxic in Chinese hamster ovary cells in the dark or after pre-irradiation or simultaneous irradiation with UV light

Mutation Research - Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis

Volumn 672, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 21-26

  Dufour, Eric K ^a   Whitwell, James ^b   Nohynek, Gerhard J ^a   Kirkland, David ^b   Toutain, Hervé ^a  

^a L ORÉAL RECHERCHE   (France)

^b Department of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

All trans retinyl palmitate; CAS 79 81 2; Chinese hamster ovary cells; Chromosome aberrations; Genotoxicity; Photo carcinogenicity; Photo genotoxicity; Photo toxicity

Indexed keywords

METHOXSALEN; QUINOLONE DERIVATIVE; RETINOL PALMITATE;

ANIMAL CELL; ARTICLE; CHO CELL; CONTROLLED STUDY; CULTURE MEDIUM; CYTOTOXICITY; GENOTOXICITY; MUTAGENICITY; NONHUMAN; PHOTOTOXICITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RADIATION DOSE; RISK ASSESSMENT; STRUCTURAL CHROMOSOME ABERRATION; TOXICITY TESTING; ULTRAVIOLET A RADIATION;

ANIMALS; ANTIOXIDANTS; CHO CELLS; CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS; COMET ASSAY; CRICETINAE; DNA DAMAGE; HUMANS; JURKAT CELLS; LIGHT; METHOXSALEN; MICE; MUTAGENICITY TESTS; MUTAGENS; QUINOLONES; ULTRAVIOLET RAYS; VITAMIN A;

CRICETULUS GRISEUS;

EID: 57649106819     PISSN: 13835718     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2008.09.019     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Blomhoff R. Overview of vitamin A metabolism and function. In: Blomhoff R. (Ed). Vitamin A in Health and Disease (1994), Marcel-Dekker, New York, USA 1-35
2. Ries G., and Hess R. Retinol: safety considerations for its use in cosmetic products. J. Toxicol. Cut. Ocul Toxicol. 18 3 (1999) 169-185
3. CIR, Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Final report on the safety assessment of retinyl palmitate and retinol. J. Am. Coll. Toxicol. 6 (1987) 279-320
4. European Union, Cosmetics Directive 2004/93, 33rd adaptation, Adopted on 25 September, 2004.
5. Rothman K.J., Lynn P.H., Moore L.L., Singer M.R., Nguyen U.D.T., Mannino S., and Milunsky A. Teratogenicity of high vitamin A intake. New Engl. J. Med. 333 (1995) 1369-1373
6. Nohynek G.J., Meuling W.J.A., Vaes W.H.J., Lawrence R.S., Shapiro S., Schulte S., Steiling W., Bausch J., Gerber E., Sasa H., and Nau H. Repeated topical treatment, in contrast to single oral doses with vitamin A-containing preparations does not affect plasma concentrations of retinol, retinyl esters or retinoic acids in female subjects of child-bearing age. Toxicol. Lett. 163 (2006) 65-76
7. Buchan P. Evaluation of the teratogenic risk of cutaneously administered retinoids. Skin Pharmacol. 6 Suppl. 1 (1993) 45-52
8. Mei N., Xia Q., Chen L., Moore M.M., Fu P.P., and Chen T. Photo-mutagenicity of retinyl palmitate by ultraviolet A irradiation in mouse lymphoma cells. Toxicol. Sci. 88 1 (2005) 142-149
9. Mei N., Xia Q., Chen L., Moore M.M., Chen T., and Fu P.P. Photo-mutagenicityof anhydroretinol and 5,6-epoxiretinyl palmiotate in mouse lymphoma cells. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 19 (2006) 1435-1440
10. Yan J., Xia Q., Cherng S.H., Wamer W.G., Howard P.C., Yu H., and Fu P.P. Photo-induced DNA damage and photocytotoxicity of retinyl palmitate and its photodecomposition products. Toxicol. Ind. Health 21 (2005) 167-175
11. CHMP, Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use, European Medicines Agency, Concept paper for the need for revision of the note for guidance on photosafety testing, Adopted by CHMP on 24 January, 2008, Available at: .
12. Bollag W. Prophylaxis of chemically induced benign and malignant epithelial tumors by vitamin A acid (retinoic acid). Eur. J. Cancer 8 (1972) 689-693
13. Davies R.E. Effect of vitamin A on 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene-induced papillomas in rhino mouse skin. Cancer Res. 27 1 (1967) 237-241
14. Cho S., Lowe L., Hamilton T.A., Fisher G.J., Voorhees J.J., and Kang S. Long-term treatment of photoaged human skin with topical retinoic acid improves epidermal cell atypia and thickens the collagen band in papillary epidermis. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 53 5 (2005) 769-774
15. Kligman L.H., and Kligman A.M. Lack of enhancement of experimental photocarcinogenesis by topical retinoic acid. Arch. Dermatol. Res. 270 (1981) 453-462
16. Epstein J.H., and Grekin D.A. Inhibition of ultraviolet carcinogenesis by all-trans retinoic acid. J. Invest. Dermatol. 76 3 (1981) 178-180
17. Forbes P.D., Urbach F., and Davies R.E. Enhancement of experimental photocarcinogenesis by topical retinoic acid. Cancer Lett. 7 (1979) 85-90
18. US National Toxicology Program, US FDA/CFSAN, All-trans retinyl palmitate, Nomination Document, October 2000, Testing status, NTP Center for Phototoxicology at FDA/NCTR, Available at: , Checked June 12, 2008.
19. Gocke E., Müller L., Guzzie P.J., Brendler-Schwab S., Bulera S., Chignell C.F., Henderson L.M., Murli H., Snyder R.D., and Tanaka N. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 35 (2000) 173-184
20. Brendler-Schwab S., Czich A., Epe B., Gocke E., Kaina B., Müller L., Pollet D., and Utesch D. Photochemical genotoxicity: principles and test methods. Report of a GUM task force. Mutat. Res. 566 (2004) 65-91
21. Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products (CPMC), European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products (EMEA), Note for Guidance on Photosafety Testing. 27 June 2002, Available at: .
22. Dufour E.K., Kumaravel T., Nohynek G.J., Kirkland D., and Toutain H. Clastogenicity, photo-clastogenicity or pseudo-photo-clastogenicity: genotoxic effects of zinc oxide in the dark, in pre-irradiated or simultaneous irradiated Chinese hamster ovary cells. Mutat. Res. 607 (2006) 215-224
23. Lynch A.M., Robinson S.A., Wilcox P., Smith M.D., Kleinman M., Jiang K., and Rees R.W. Cycloheximide and disulfoton are positive in the clastogenicity assay but do not absorb UV irradiation: another example of pseudophotoclastogenicity?. Mutagenesis 23 2 (2008) 111-118
24. Struwe M., Greulich K.O., Suter W., and Plappert-Helbig U. The photo-comet assay-a fast screening assay for the determination of photogenotoxicity in vitro. Mutat. Res. 632 (2007) 44-57
25. Godar D.E. UV doses worldwide. Photochem. Photobiol. 81 4 (2005) 736-749
26. Moore M.M., Homna M., Clements J., et al. Mouse Lymphoma Thymidine Kinase Gene Mutation Assay. Meeting of the International Workshop on Genotoxicity Testing, San Francisco, 2005, recommendations for 24-h treatment. Mutat. Res. 627 (2007) 36-40
27. OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, No. 476, In vitro mammalian cell mutation test, OECD, Paris, France, July 21, 1997.
28. Xia Q., Yin J.J., Cherng S.H., Warner W.G., Boudreau M., Howard P.C., and Fu P.P. UVA photoirradiation of retinyl palmitate-formation of singlet oxygen and superoxide, and their role in induction of lipid peroxidation. Toxicol. Lett. 163 (2006) 30-43
29. Moan J., and Setlow R.B. Epidemiological support for a hypothesis for melanoma induction indicating a role for UVA radiation. Photochem. Photobiol. 70 2 (1999) 243-247
30. SCCP Notes of Guidance for the Testing of Cosmetic Ingredients and their Safety Evaluation, EU Commission, Health and Consumer Protection, December 19, 2006.
31. Yourick J.J., Young C.T., and Bronaugh R.L. In vitro and in vivo percutaneous absorption of retinol from cosmetic formulations: significance of the skin reservoir and prediction of systemic absorption. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 231 1 (2008) 117-121
32. Gerberick G.F., Ryan C.A., Kern P.S., Schlatter H., Dearman R.J., Kimber I., Patlewicz G.Y., and Basketter D.A. Compilation of historical local lymph node data for evaluation of skin sensitization alternative methods. Dermatitis 16 (2005) 157-202
33. Basketter D., Dooms-Goossens A., Karlsberg A.T., and Lepoittevin J.P. The chemistry of contact allergy: why is a molecule allergenic?. Contact Dermat. 32 (1995) 65-73
34. ISCN. In: Mitelman F. (Ed). An International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (1995), S. Karger, Basel, Switzerland