Magnetospheric amplification and emission triggering by ELF/VLF waves injected by the 3.6 MW HAARP ionospheric heater

Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

Volumn 113, Issue 10, 2008, Pages

  Golkowski M ^a   Inan, U S ^a   Gibby, A R ^a   Cohen, M B ^a  

^a STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 57549102246     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21699402     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2008JA013157     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Andrews, M. K., F. B: Knox, and N. R. Thomson (1978), Magnetospheric electric fields and protonospheric coupling fluxes inferred from simultaneous phase and group path measurements on whistler mode signals, Planet. Space Sci., 26, 171-183.
2. Angerami, J. J., and D. L. Carpenter (1966), Whistler studies of the plasmapause in the magnetosphere: 2. Equatorial density and total tube electron content near the knee in magnetospheric ionization, J. Geophys. Res., 71(3), 711-725.
3. Barr, R., and P. Stubbe (1984), ELF and VLF radiation from the "polar electrojet antenna," Radio Sci., 19, 1111-1122.
4. Barr, R., and P. Stubbe (1991), ELF radiation from the Tromsø "super heater" facility, Geophys. Res. Lett., 18(6), 1035-1038.
5. Bell, T. F., U. S. Inan, R. A. Helliwell, and J. D. Scudder (2000), Simultaneous triggered VLF emissions and energetic electron distributions observed on POLAR with PWI and HYDRA, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 165-168.
6. Carlson, C. R., R. A. Helliwell, and D. L. Carpenter (1985), Variable frequency VLF signals in the magnetosphere: Associated phenomena and plasma diagnostics, J. Geophys. Res., 90(A2), 1507-1521.
7. Carpenter, D. L., and R. R. Anderson (1992), An ISEE/whistler model of equatorial electron density in the magnetosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 1097-1108.
8. Carpenter, D. L., and T. R. Miller (1976), Ducted magnetospheric propagation of signals from the Siple, Antarctica, VLF transmitter, J. Geophys. Res., 81(16), 2692-2700.
9. Carpenter, D. L., and T. R. Miller (1983), Rare ground-based observations of Siple VLF transmitter signals outside the plasmapause, J. Geophys. Res., 88(A12), 10,227-10,232.
10. Carpenter, D. L., and D. M. Šulić (1988), Ducted whistler propagation outside the plasmapause, J. Geophys. Res., 93(A9), 9731-9742.
11. Cohen, M. B., M. Gołkowski, and U. S. Inan (2008), Orientation of the HAARP ELF ionospheric dipole and the auroral electrojet, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L02806, doi:10.1029/2007GL032424.
12. Getmantsev, G. G., N. A. Zuikov, D. S. Kotik, L. F. Mironenko, N. A. Mityakov, V. O. Rapoport, Yu. A. Sazonov, V. Yu. Trakhtengerts, and V. Ya. Eidman (1974), Combination frequencies in the interaction between high-power short-wave radiation and ionospheric plasma, Sov. Phys. JETP, Engl. Transl., 20, 101-102.
13. Gołkowski, M., and U. S. Inan (2008), Multistation observations of whistler mode chorus, J. Geophys. Res., 113, A08210, doi:10.1029/2007JA012977.
14. Helliwell, R. A. (1967), A theory of discrete VLF emissions from the magnetosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 72(19), 4773-4790.
15. Helliwell, R. A. (1988), VLF wave simulation experiments in the magnetosphere from Siple Station, Antarctica, Rev. Geophys., 26, 551-578.
16. Helliwell, R. A., and J. P. Katsufrakis (1974), VLF wave injection into the magnetosphere from Siple Station, Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res., 79(16), 2511-2518.
17. Helliwell, R. A., D. L. Carpenter, and T. R. Miller (1980), Power threshold for growth of coherent VLF signals in the magnetosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 85(A7), 3360-3366.
18. Inan, U. S., M. Golkowski, D. L. Carpenter, N. Reddell, R. C. Moore, T. F. Bell, E. Paschal, P. Kossey, E. Kennedy, and S. Z. Meth (2004), Multi-hop whistler-mode ELF/VLF signals and triggered emissions excited by the HAARP HF heater, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L24805, doi:10.1029/2004GL021647.
19. Lehtinen, N. G., and U. S. Inan (2008), Radiation of ELF/VLF waves by harmonically varying currents into a stratified ionosphere with application to radiation by a modulated electrojet, J. Geophys. Res., 113, A06301, doi:10.1029/2007JA012911.
20. Moore, R. C. U. S. Inan, T. F. Bell, and E. J. Kennedy (2007), ELF waves generated by modulated HF heating of the auroral electrojet and observed at a ground distance of 4400 km, J. Geophys. Res., 112, A05309, doi:10.1029/2006JA012063.
21. Nurin, D. (1974), A self-consistent theory of triggered VLF emissions, Planet. Space Sc., 22, 349-378.
22. Omura, Y., H. Matsumoto, D. Nunn, and M. J. Rycroft (1991), A review of observational, theoretical and numerical studies of VLF triggered emissions, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 53, 351-368.
23. Piddyachiy, D., U. S. Inan, T. F. Bell, N. G. Lehtinen, and M. Parrot (2008), DEMETER observations of an intense upgoing column of ELF/VLF radiation excited by the HAARP HF heater, J. Geophys. Res., doi:10.1029/ 2008JA013208, in press.
24. Platino, M., U. S. Inan, T. F. Bell, M. Parrot, and E. J. Kennedy (2006), DEMETER observations of ELF waves injected with the HAARP HF transmitter, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L16101, doi:10.1029/2006GL026462.
25. Rietveld, M. T., H. P. Mauelshagaen, P. Stubbe, H. Kopka, and E. Nielson (1987), The characteristics of ionospheric heating-produced ELF/VLF waves over 32 hours, J. Geophys. Res., 92(A8), 8707-8722.
26. Rietveld, M. T., P. Stubbe, and H. Kopka (1989), On the frequency dependence of ELF/VLF waves produced by modulated ionospheric heating, Radio Sci., 24, 270-278.
27. Sazhin, S. S., M. Hayakawa, and K. Bullough (1992), Whistler diagnostics of magnetospheric parameters: A review, Ann. Geophys., 10, 293-308.
28. Stiles, G. S., and R. A. Helliwell (1975), Frequency-time behavior of artificially stimulated VLF emissions, J. Geophys. Res., 80(4), 608-618.
29. Stubbe, P., H. Kopka, M. T. Rietveld, and R. L. Dowden (1982), ELF and VLF wave generation by modulated HF heating of the current carrying lower ionosphere, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 44, 1123-1135.
30. Strangeways, H. J., M. J. Rycroft, and M. J. Jarvis (1982), Multi-station VLF direction-finding measurements in eastern Canada, J. Atmos. Terr. Res., 44(6), 378-386.
31. Tsuruda, K., S. Machida, T. Teresawa, and A. Nishida (1982), High spatial attenuation of the Siple transmitter signal and natural VLF chorus observed at ground-based chain stations near Roberval, Quebec, J Geophys. Res., 87(A2), 742-750.