ELF waves generated by modulated HF heating of the auroral electrojet and observed at a ground distance of ∼4400 km

Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

Volumn 112, Issue 5, 2007, Pages

  Moore, R C ^a,b   Inan, U S ^a   Bell, T F ^a   Kennedy, E J ^c  

^a Stanford University   (United States)

^b J Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering   (United States)

^c NAVAL RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 34547258871     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21699402     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2006JA012063     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. Balanis, C. A. (1982), Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design, 805 pp., HarperCollins, New York.
2. Barr, R. (1998), The generation of ELF and VLF radio waves in the ionosphere using powerful HF transmitters, Adv. Space Res., 21, 677-687.
3. Barr, R., and P. Stubbe (1991), ELF radiation from the Tromsø "super heater" facility, Geophys. Res. Lett., 18, 1035-1038.
4. Barr, R., M. T. Rietveld, H. Kopka, P. Stubbe, and E. Nielsen (1985), Extra-low-frequency radiation from the polar electrojet antenna, Nature, 317, 155-157.
5. Barr, R., P. Stubbe, M. T. Rietveld, and H. Kopka (1986), ELF and VLF signals radiated by the "polar electrojet antenna": Experimental results, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 4451-4459.
6. Barr, R., M. T. Rietveld, P. Stubbe, and H. Kopka (1988), Ionospheric heater beam scanning: A realistic model of this mobile source of ELF/VLF radiation, Radio Sci., 23, 1073-1083.
7. Barr, R., P. Stubbe, and H. Kopka (1991), Long-range detection of VLF radiation produced by heating the auroral electrojet, Radio Sci., 26, 871-879.
8. Demirkol, M. K., U. S. Inan, T. F. Bell, S. G. Kanekal, and D. C. Wilkinson (1999), Ionospheric effects of relativistic electron enhancement events, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 3557-3560.
9. Evans, J. E., and A. S. Griffiths (1974), Design of a sanguine noise processor based upon world-wide extremely low frequency (ELF) recordings, IEEE Trans. Commun., 22(4), 528-539.
10. Ferguson, J. A., and F. P. Snyder (1987), The segmented waveguide programs for long wavelength propagation calculations, Tech. Doc. Nav. Ocean Syst. Cent. U S., 1071.
11. Ferrara, A. J., H. S. Lee, R. Allshouse, K. Carroll, A. A. Tomko, F. J. Kelly, and R. G. Joiner (1982), VLF/ELF radiation from the ionospheric dynamo current system modulated by powerful HF signals, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 44, 1113-1122.
12. Getmantsev, C. G., N. A. Zuikov, D. S. Kotik, L. F. Mironenko, N. A. Mityakov, V. O. Rapoport, Y. A. Sazonov, V. Y. Trakhtengerts, and V. Y. Eidman (1974), Combination frequencies in the interaction between high-power short-wave radiation and ionospheric plasma, Sov. Phys. JETP, Engl. Transl., 20, 101-102.
13. James, H. G. (1985), The ELF spectrum of artificially modulated D/E-region conductivity, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 47, 1129-1142.
14. Kimura, I., A. Wong, B. Chouinard, T. Okuda, M. McCarrick, I. Nagano, K. Hushimoto, R. Wuerker, M. Yamamoto, and K. Ishida (1991), Satellite and ground observations of HIPAS VLF modulation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 18, 309-312.
15. Lev-Tov, S. J., U. S. Inan, and T. F. Bell (1995), Altitude profiles of localized D region density disturbances produced in lightning-induced electron precipitation events, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 21,375-21,384.
16. Lunnen, R. J., H. S. Lee, A. J. Ferraro, T. W. Collins, and R. F. Woodman (1984), Detection of radiation from a heated and modulated equatorial electrojet current system, Nature, 311, 134-135.
17. Moore, R. C., C. P. Barrington-Leigh, U. S. Inan, and T. F. Bell (2003), Early/fast VLF events produced by electron density changes associated with sprite halos, J. Geophys. Res., 108(A10), 1363, doi:10.1029/2002JA009816.
18. Moore, R. C., U. S. Inan, and T. F. Bell (2006), Observations of amplitude saturation in ELF/VLF wave generation by modulated HF heating of the auroral electrojet, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L12106, doi:10.1029/ 2006GL025934.
19. Papadopoulos, K., T. Wallace, G. M. Milikh, W. Peter, and M. McCarrick (2005), The magnetic response of the ionosphere to pulsed HF heating, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L13101, doi:10.1029/2005GL023185.
20. Pappert, R. A., and D. G. Morfitt (1975), Theoretical and experimental sunrise mode conversion results at VLF, Radio Sci., 10, 537-546.
21. Pappert, R. A., and F. P. Snyder (1972), Some results of a mode-conversion program for VLF, Radio Sci., 7, 913-923.
22. Platino, M., U. S. Inan, T. F. Bell, M. Parrot, and E. J. Kennedy (2006), DEMETER observations of ELF waves injected with the HAARP HF transmitter, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L16101, doi:10.1029/2006GL026462.
23. Stubbe, P., H. Kopka, M. T. Rietveld, and R. L. Dowden (1982), ELF and VLF generation by modulated HF heating of the current carrying lower ionosphere, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 44, 1123-1135.
24. Vilaseñor, J., A. Y. Wong, B. Song, J. Pau, M. McCarrick, and D. Sentman (1996), Comparison of ELF/VLF generation modes in the ionosphere by the HIPAS heater array, Radio Sci., 31, 211-226.
25. Wait, J. R., and K. P. Spies (1964), Characteristics of the Earth-ionosphere waveguide for VLF radio waves, U. S. NBS Tech. Note, 300.