Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: Accidental Versus Nonaccidental Injury

Seminars in Pediatric Neurology

Volumn 15, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 178-184

  Barnes, Patrick D ^a,b   Krasnokutsky, Michael V ^a,b   Monson, Kenneth L ^c   Ophoven, Janice ^d  

^a LUCILE PACKARD CHILDREN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b STANFORD UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^d St Louis County Medical Examiner's Office   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACCIDENT; ARTICLE; AUTOPSY; BRAIN DISEASE; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CASE REPORT; CERVICAL SPINE; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; CHILD; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; FALLING; GLASGOW COMA SCALE; HUMAN; INJURY; MALE; MEDICAL EXAMINATION; RETINA HEMORRHAGE; SHAKEN BABY SYNDROME; SPINAL CORD INJURY; SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE; SUBDURAL HEMATOMA;

ACCIDENTAL FALLS; AUTOPSY; DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL; HUMANS; INFANT; INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC; MALE; SHAKEN BABY SYNDROME; SPINAL CORD INJURIES; TOMOGRAPHY SCANNERS, X-RAY COMPUTED;

EID: 57349161251     PISSN: 10719091     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.spen.2008.10.009     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Donohoe M. Evidence-based medicine and shaken baby syndrome part I: Literature review, 1966-1998. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 24 (2003) 239-242
2. Leestma J. Case analysis of brain injured admittedly shaken infants, 54 cases 1969-2001. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 26 (2005) 199-212
3. Lyons. Shaken Baby Syndrome: A Questionable Scientific Syndrome and a Dangerous Legal Concept. Utah Law Rev (2003) 1109
4. Gena M. Shaken baby syndrome: Medical uncertaintly casts doubt on convictions. Wisc Law Rev (2007) 701
5. Le Fanu J. Wrongful diagnosis of child abuse-A master theory. J R Soc Med 98 (2006) 249-254
6. Mackey M. After the Court of Appeal: R v Harris and others [2005] EWCA crim 1980. Arch Dis Child 91 (2006) 873-875
7. Richards P., Bertocci G., Bonshek R., et al. Shaken baby syndrome. Before the court of appeal. Arch Dis Child 91 (2006) 205-206
8. Baath J. Shaken baby syndrome: The debate rages on U. Toronto Med J 83 (2005) 22-23
9. Squier W. Shaken baby syndrome: The quest for evidence. Develop Med Child Neurol 50 (2008) 10-14
10. Gilliland M.G.F. Use of the triad of scant SDH, brain swelling, and retinal hemorrhages to diagnose non-accidental injury is not scientifically valid. National Association of Medical Examiners National Meeting (2006) October (abstr 53)
11. David T.J. Non-accidental head injury-The evidence. Pediatr Radiol 38 (2008) S370-S377 (suppl 3)
12. Jaspan T. Current controversies in the interpretation of non-accidental head injury. Pediatr Radiol 38 (2008) S378-S387 (suppl 3)
13. Pang D., and Wilberger Jr. J.E. Spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormalities in children. J Neurosurg 57 (1982) 114-129
14. Tung G.A., Kumar M., Richardson R.C., et al. Comparison of accidental and nonaccidental traumatic head injury in children on noncontrast computed tomography. Pediatrics 118 (2006) 627-633
15. Christian C.W., Taylor A.A., Hertle R.W., et al. Retinal hemorrhages caused by accidental household trauma. J Pediatr 135 (1999) 125-127
16. Steinbok P., Singhal A., Poskitt K., et al. Early hypodensity of computed tomographic scan of the brain in an accidental pediatric head injury. Neurosurgery 60 (2007) 689-695
17. Vinchon M., Noule N., Tchofo P.J., et al. Imaging of head injuries in infants: temporal correlates and forensic implications for the diagnosis of child abuse. J Neurosurg 101 (2004) 44-52
18. McNeeley P.D., Atkinson J.D., Saigal G., et al. Subdural hematomas in infants with benign enlargement of the subarachnoid spaces are not pathognomonic for child abuse. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 27 (2006) 1725-1728
19. Sirotnak A.P. Medical disorders that mimic abusive head trauma. In: Frasier L., Rauth-Farley K., Alexander R., et al. (Eds). Abuse Head Trauma in Infants and Children. ed 1 (2006), GW Medical Publishing, St Louis, MO 191-248
20. Hymel K.P., Jenny C., and Block R.W. Intracranial hemorrhage and rebleeding in suspected victims of abuse head trauma: Addressing forensic controversies. Child Maltreat 7 (2002) 329-348
21. Barnes P.D., and Krasnokutsky M.V. Imaging of the central nervous system in suspected or alleged nonaccidental injury, including the mimics. Top Magn Reson Imaging 18 (2007) 53-74
22. Twoney E.L., Iemsawatdikul K., Stephens B.G., et al. Multiple thoracic vertebral compression fractures caused by non-accidental injury: Case report with radiologicalpathological correlation. Pediatr Radiol 34 (2004) 665-668
23. Sane S.M., Kleinman P.K., and Cohen R.A. American Academy of Pediatrics. Section on Radiology Diagnostic imaging of child abuse. Pediatrics 105 (2000) 1345-1348
24. Ahmann P.A., Smith S.A., Schwartz J.F., et al. Spinal cord infarction due to minor trauma in children. Neurology 25 (1975) 301-307
25. Riviello J.J., Marks H.G., Faerber E.N., et al. Delayed cervical central cord syndrome after trivial trauma. Pediatr Emerg Care 62 (1990) 113-117
26. Chen L.S., and Blaw M.E. Acute central cervical cord syndrome caused by minor trauma. J Pediatr 108 (1986) 96-97
27. Cheshire D.J. The paediatric syndrome of traumatic myelopathy without demonstrable vertebral injury. Paraplegia 15 (1977) 74-85
28. Launay F., Leet A.I., and Sponseller P.D. Pediatric spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality: A meta-analysis. Clin Orthop Relat Res 433 (2005) 166-170
29. Brown R.L., Brunn M.A., and Garcia V.F. Cervical spine injuries in children: a review of 103 patients treated consecutively at a level 1 pediatric trauma center. J Pediatr Surg 36 (2001) 1107-1114
30. Geddes J.F., Vowles G.H., and Hackshaw A.K. Neuropathology of inflicted head injury in children I. Patterns of brain damage. Brain 124 (2001) 1290-1298
31. Geddes J.F., Vowles G.H., and Hackshaw A.K. Neuropathology of inflicted head injury in children II. Microscopic brain injury in infants. Brain 124 (2001) 1299-1306
32. Geddes J.F., Tasker R.C., Hackshaw A.K., et al. Dural haemorrhage in non-traumatic infant deaths: does it explain the bleeding in 'shaken baby syndrome'?. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 29 (2003) 14-22
33. Snyder R.G., Schneider L.W., Owings C.L., et al. Anthropometry of infants, children, and youths of age 18 for product safety design. Final report. Consumer Product Safety Commission (1977) UM-HSRI-77-17, May 31
34. Prange M., Luck J., Dibb A., et al. Mechanical properties and anthropometry of the human infant head. Stapp Car Crash J 48 (2004) 279-299
35. Weber W. Experimental studies of skull fractures in infants. Z Rechtsmed 92 (1984) 87-94
36. Weber W. Biomechanical fragility of the infant skull. Z Rechtsmed 94 (1985) 93-101
37. Goldsmith W., and Monson K.L. On the state of head injury biomechanics-Past, present, and future. Part 2: Physical experimentation. Crit Rev Biomed Eng 33 (2005) 105-207
38. Plunkett J. Fatal pediatric head injuries caused by short-distance falls. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 22 (2001) 1-12
39. Gardner H.B. A witness short fall mimicking presumed shaken baby syndrome (inflicted childhood neurotrauma). Pediatr Neurosurg 43 (2007) 433-435
40. Bandak F.A. Shaken baby syndrome: A biomechanics analysis of injury mechanisms. Forensic Sci Int 151 (2005) 71-79
41. Margulies S., Prange M., Myers B.S., et al. Shaken baby syndrome: A flawed biomechanical analysis. Forensic Sci Int 164 (2005) 278-279
42. Bandak F.A. Author's reply to "shaken baby syndrome: A flawed biomechanical analysis. " Forensic Sci Int 164 (2005) 282-283
43. Prange M.T., Coats B., Duhaime A.C., et al. Anthropomorphic simulations of falls, shakes, and inflicted impacts in infants. J Neurosurg 99 (2003) 143-150
44. Hymel K.P., Abshire T.C., Luckey D.W., et al. Coagulopathy in pediatric abusive head trauma. Pediatrics 99 (1997) 371-375
45. Miner K.E., Kaufman H.H., Graham S.H., et al. Disseminated intravascular coagulation fibrinolytic syndrome following head injury in children: Frequency and prognostic implications. J Pediatr 100 (1982) 687-691
46. Geddes J.F., and Talbert D.G. Paroxysmal coughing, subdural and retinal bleeding: A computer modeling approach. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 32 (2006) 625-634
47. Talbert D.G. Paroxysmal couph injury, vascular rupture and 'shaken baby syndrome. ' Med Hypotheses 64 (2005) 8-13
48. American Academy of Pediatrics red book online. Pertussis. http://www.aapredbook.aappublications.org/cgi/content/extract/2006 Accessed November 2008
49. Lantz P.E., Sinal S.H., Stanton C.A., et al. Perimacular retinal folds from childhood head trauma. BMJ 328 (2004) 754-756
50. Ebube O., and Watts P. Are there any pathognomonic signs in shaken baby syndrome?. J AAPOS 11 (2007) 99-100 (abstr)
51. Goetting M.G., and Sowa B. Retinal hemorrhage after cardiopulmonary resuscitation in children: An etiologic reevaluation. Pediatrics 85 (1990) 585-588
52. Lantz P.E., and Stanton C.A. Postmortem Detection and Evaluation of Retinal Hemorrhages (2006), American Academy of Forensic Sciences, Seattle, WA
53. Lueder G.T., Turner J.W., and Paschall R. Perimacular retinal folds simulating nonaccidental injury in an infant. Arch Ophthalmol 124 (2006) 1782-1783
54. Gilles E.E., McGregor M.L., and Levy-Clarke G. Retinal hemorrhage asymmetry in inflicted head injury: A clue to pathogenesis?. J Pediatr 143 (2003) 494-499
55. Obi E., and Watts P. Are there any pathognomonic signs in shaken baby syndrome?. J AAPOS 11 (2007) 99-100
56. Brown S., Levin A.V., Ramsey D., et al. Natural animal shaking: A model for inflicted neurotrauma in children?. J AAPOS 11 (2007) 85-86
57. Binenaum G., Forbes B.J., Raghupathi R., et al. An animal model to study retinal hemorrhages in nonimpact brain injury. J AAPOS 11 (2007) 84-85
58. Myklebust J., Sances A.J., Maiman D.J., et al. Experimental spinal trauma studies in the human and monkey cadaver. Proceedings of Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 1983 (1983) 149-161 San Diego, CA
59. Yamada H. Strength of Biological Materials (1970), Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, MD
60. Nuckley D.J., Eck M.P., Carter J.W., et al. Spinal maturation affects vertebral compressive mechanics and BMD with sex dependence. Bone 35 (2004) 720-728
61. Van Staa T.P., Leufkens H.G.M., Abenhaim L., et al. Oral corticosteroids and fracture risk: Relationship to daily and cumulative doses. Rheumatology 39 (2000) 1383-1389
62. Yen D., and Hedden D. Mutiple vertebral compression fractures in a patient treated with corticosteroids for cystic fibrosis. Can J Surg 45 (2002) 383-384
63. Makitie O., Doria A., Henriques F., et al. Radiographic vertebral morphology: A diagnostic tool in pediatric osteoporosis. J Pediatr 146 (2005) 395-401