Shaken baby syndrome: The quest for evidence

Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology

Volumn 50, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 10-14

  Squier, Waney ^a  

^a JOHN RADCLIFFE HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AXONAL INJURY; BIOMECHANICS; BIRTH INJURY; BRAIN BLOOD FLOW; BRAIN DISEASE; BRAIN HYPOXIA; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; BRAIN VEIN; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; FREQUENCY ANALYSIS; HUMAN; NECK INJURY; NEUROPATHOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RETINA HEMORRHAGE; REVIEW; SHAKEN BABY SYNDROME; SUBDURAL HEMATOMA; TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY; VEIN INJURY;

BIOMECHANICS; CHILD ABUSE; HEMATOMA, SUBDURAL; HUMANS; INFANT; SHAKEN BABY SYNDROME;

EID: 37449026905     PISSN: 00121622     EISSN: 14698749     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2007.02004.x     Document Type: Review

References (50)

1. Tardieu A. (1860) Étude médico-légale sur les services et mauvais traitements exercés sur des enfants. Annales d'hygiene Publique et de Médecin Légale. 13. p 361-398. (In French).
2. Kempe CH, Silverman FN, Steele BF, Droegemueller W, Silver HK. (1962) The battered-child syndrome. JAMA 181: 17-24.
3. Caffey J. (1974) The whiplash shaken infant syndrome: Manual shaking by the extremities with whiplash-induced intracranial and intraocular bleedings, linked with residual permanent brain damage and mental retardation. Pediatrics 54: 396-403.
4. Caffey J. (1972) On the theory and practice of shaking infants. Its potential residual effects of permanent brain damage and mental retardation. Am J Dis Child 124: 161-169.
5. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Child Abuse and Neglect. (1993) Shaken baby syndrome: Inflicted cerebral trauma. Pediatrics 92: 872-875.
6. Guthkelch AN. (1971) Infantile subdural haematoma and its relationship to whiplash injuries. Br Med J 2: 430-431.
7. Ommaya AK, Faas F, Yarnell P. (1968) Whiplash injury and brain damage: an experimental study. JAMA 204: 285-289. (p 221).
8. Minns R, Brown K. (2006) Shaking and Other Non-Accidental Head Injuries in Children. Clinics in Developmental Medicine No. 162. London: Mac Keith Press.
9. Donohoe M. (2003) Evidence-based medicine and shaken baby syndrome: Part I: Literature review, 1966-1998. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 24: 239-242.
10. Hobbs C, Childs AM, Wynne J, Livingston J, Seal A. (2005) Subdural haematoma and effusion in infancy: An epidemiological study. Arch Dis Child 90: 952-955. (p 954)
11. Leestma JE. (2005) Case analysis of brain-injured admittedly shaken infants: 54 cases, 1969-2001. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 26: 199-212.
12. Shannon P, Smith CR, Deck J, Ang LC, Ho M, Becker L. (1998) Axonal injury and the neuropathology of shaken baby syndrome. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 95: 625-631.
13. R v Harris and others. 2005. EWCA Crim 1980.
14. Duhaime AC, Gennarelli TA, Thibault LE, Bruce DA, Margulies SS, Wiser R. (1987) The shaken baby syndrome. A clinical, pathological, and biomechanical study. J Neurosurg 66: 409-415. (p 414)
15. Bruce DA, Zimmerman RA. (1989) Shaken impact syndrome. Pediatr Ann 18: 482-489; 492-494.
16. Cory CZ, Jones BM. (2003) Can shaking alone cause fatal brain injury?A biomechanical assessment of the Duhaime shaken baby syndrome model. Med Sci Law 43: 317-333.
17. Prange MT, Coats B, Duhaime AC, Margulies SS. (2003) Anthropomorphic simulations of falls, shakes, and inflicted impacts in infants. J Neurosurg 99: 143-150. (p 332)
18. Duhaime AC. Quoted in McNamara D. Child abuse injuries: New data challenge beliefs. Pediatric News 01 March 2007.
19. Prange M, Myers B. (2003) Pathobiology and Biomechanics of inflicted child neurotrauma-response. In:
20. > Reece R, Nicholson C, editors Inflicted Childhood Neurotrauma. IL: American Association of Pediatrics Monograph.
21. Winter SC, Quaghebeur G, Richards PG. (2003) Unusual cervical spine injury in a 1-year-old. Injury 34: 316-319.
22. Johnston RA. (2004) Paediatric spinal injuries. Injury 35: 105-106.
23. Geddes JF, Hackshaw AK, Vowles GH, Nickols CD, Whitwell HL. (2001) Neuropathology of inflicted head injury in children. I. Patterns of brain damage. Brain 124 (Pt 7): 1290-1298.
24. Geddes JF, Vowles GH, Hackshaw AK, Nickols CD, Scott IS, Whitwell HL. (2001) Neuropathology of inflicted head injury in children. II. Microscopic brain injury in infants. Brain 124: (Pt 7) 1299-1306.
25. Stoodley N. (2002) Non-accidental head injury in children: Gathering the evidence. Lancet 360: 271-272.
26. Denton S, Mileusnic D. (2003) Delayed sudden death in an infant following an accidental fall: A case report with review of the literature. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 24: 371-376.
27. Arbogast KB, Margulies SS, Christian C W. (2005) Initial neurologic presentation in young children sustaining inflicted and unintentional fatal head injuries. Pediatrics 116: 180-184.
28. Talbert DG. (2006) The 'Sutured Skull'and intracranial bleeding in infants. Med Hypotheses 66: 691-694.
29. Jaspan T. (2005) Ultrasound and computed tomography in the diagnosis of non-accidental head injury. In: Minns R, Brown K, editors Shaking and Other Non-Accidental Head Injuries in Children. Clinics in Developmental Medicine No. 162. London: Mac Keith Press. p 208-261.
30. Geddes JF, Tasker RC, Hackshaw AK, Nickols CD, Adams GG, Whitwell HL, Scheimberg I. (2003) Dural haemorrhage in non-traumatic infant deaths: does it explain the bleeding in 'shaken baby syndrome'? Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 29: 14-22.
31. Punt J, Bonshek RE, Jaspan T, McConachie NS, Punt N, Ratcliffe JM. (2004) The 'unified hypothesis'of Geddes et al. is not supported by the data. Pediatr Rehabil 7: 173-184.
32. Smith C, Bell JE, Keeling J W, Risden RA. (2003) Dural haemorrhage in nontraumatic infant deaths: Does it explain the bleeding in 'shaken baby syndrome'?
33. > Geddes JE et al. A response Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 29: 411-412.
34. Goodrich JT. (2000) Reprint of Cushing H. (1905) 'Concerning surgical intervention for the intracranial hemorrhages of the new-born'. Childs Nerv Syst 16: 484-492.
35. Craig W. (1938) Intracranial haemorrhage in the newborn -a study of diagnosis and differential diagnosis based on pathological and clinical findings in 126 cases. Arch Dis Child 13: 89-124.
36. Larroche J-C. (1977) Lesions of Haemorrhagic Type, Mainly Venous. Developmental Pathology of the Neonate. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica. p 355-398.
37. Maxeiner H. (2001) Demonstration and interpretation of bridging vein ruptures in cases of infantile subdural bleedings. J Forensic Sci 46: 85-93.
38. Volpe JJ. (1995) Intracerebellar haemorrhage. In: Saunders WB, editor. Neurology of the Newborn. Philadelphia, PA: Volpe WB Saunders and Co. p 384-389.
39. Friede RL. (1989) Hemorrhages in asphyxiated premature infants. In: Friede R, editor Developmental Neuropathology. Gottingen: Springer-Verlag. p 44-58.
40. Squier WI. (2005) Natural history of subdural haemorrhage in infants: imaging and pathological correlations. (Oral presentation at the annual meeting of the British Paediatric Neurology Association, 2005).
41. Tubbs RS, Loukas M, Louis RG, Shoja MM, Acakpo-Satchivi L, Blount P, Salter EG, Oakes J, Wellons JC. (2007) Anatomy of the falcine venous plexus. J Neurosurg 107: 155-157.
42. Friede RL. (1989) Subdural haematomas, hygromas and effusions. In: Friede R, editor Developmental Neuropathology. Gottingen: Springer-Verlag. p 198-208.
43. Looney CB, Smith JK, Merck LH, Wolfe HM, Chescheir NC, Hamer RM, Gilmore JH. (2007) Intracranial hemorrhage in asymptomatic neonates: Prevalence on MR images and relationship to obstetric and neonatal risk factors. Radiology 242: 535-541.
44. Whitby EH, Griffiths PD, Rutter S, Smith MF, Sprigg A, Ohadike P Davies N P, Rigby AS, Paley MN. (2004) Frequency and natural history of subdural haemorrhages in babies and relation to obstetric factors. Lancet 363: 846-851.
45. Geddes JF, Talbert DG. (2006) Paroxysmal coughing, subdural and retinal bleeding: A computer modelling approach. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 32: 625-634.
46. Byard R, Blumbergs P, Rutty G, Sperhake J, Banner J, Krous H. (2007) Lack of evidence for a causal relationship between hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and subdural hemorrhage in fetal life in infancy and early childhood. Pediatr Dev Pathol Mar 22: 1 (Epub ahead of print).
47. DeSantis Klinich K, Hulbert GM, Schneider LW. (2002) Estimating infant head injury criteria and impact response using crash reconstruction and finite element modeling. Stapp Car Crash Journal 46: 165-194.
48. Thach BT. (2000) Sudden infant death syndrome: Can gastroesophageal reflux cause sudden infant death? Am J Med 108 (Suppl. 4a): S144-S148.
49. Spitzer AR, Boyle JT, Tuchman DN, Fox W W. (1984) Awake apnea associated with gastroesophageal reflux: A specific clinical syndrome. J Pediatr 104: 200-205.
50. Miller MJ, Kiatchoosakun P. (2004) Relationship between respiratory control and feeding in the developing infant. Semin Neonatol 9: 221-227.