Refining the classification of children with selective mutism: A latent profile analysis

Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology

Volumn 37, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 770-784

  Cohan, Sharon L ^a,b,d   Chavira, Denise A ^a   Shipon Blum, Elisa ^c   Hitchcock, Carla ^a   Roesch, Scott C ^b   Stein, Murray B ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b SAN DIEGO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c Selective Mutism Anxiety Research and Treatment Center   (United States)

^d NONE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANXIETY DISORDER; ARTICLE; ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER; BEHAVIOR DISORDER; CHILD; CLASSIFICATION; COMORBIDITY; CONTROL; FEMALE; HUMAN; LANGUAGE DISABILITY; MALE; MUTISM; PERSONALITY TEST; PHOBIA; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; PSYCHOMETRY; REPRODUCIBILITY; RISK FACTOR; STATISTICS;

ANXIETY DISORDERS; ATTENTION DEFICIT AND DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR DISORDERS; CHILD; CHILD BEHAVIOR DISORDERS; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; COMORBIDITY; FEMALE; HUMANS; INTERNAL-EXTERNAL CONTROL; LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT DISORDERS; MALE; MUTISM; PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT; PHOBIC DISORDERS; PSYCHOMETRICS; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 57349107123     PISSN: 15374416     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/15374410802359759     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Achenbach, T. M., & Rescorla, L. A. (2000). Manual for ASEBA preschool forms & profiles. Burlington: University of Vermont, Research Center for Children, Youth, & Families.
2. Achenbach, T. M., & Rescorla, L. A. (2001). Manual for ASEBA school-age forms & profiles. Burlington: University of Vermont, Research Center for Children, Youth, & Families.
3. Akaike, H. (1987). Factor analysis and AIC. Psychometrika, 52, 317-332.
4. Albano, A. M., & Silverman, W. K. (1996). The anxiety disorders interview schedule for children for DSM-IV: Clinician manual (child and parent versions). San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
5. American Psychiatric Association. (1987). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed., rev.). Washington, DC: Author.
6. American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
7. American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text rev.). Washington, DC: Author.
8. Andersson, C. B., & Thomsen, P. H. (1998). Electively mute children: An analysis of 37 Danish Cases. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 52, 231-238.
9. Bartholomew, D. J. (1987). Latent variable models and factor analysis. London: Charles Griffin.
10. Bergman, R. L., & Keller, M. L. (2007, January 13). Research on selective mutism: Past findings, current focus, and future directions. Paper presented at Selective Mutism Conference, Los Angeles, CA.
11. Bergman, R. L., Keller, M., Wood, J., Piacentini, J. C., & McCracken, J. (2001). Selective mutism questionnaire: Development and findings. Proceedings of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Meeting, 48, 163.
12. Bergman, R. L., Piacentini, J., & McCracken, J. T. (2002). Prevalence and description of selective mutism in a school-based sample. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 41, 938-946.
13. Bishop, D. V. M. (2003). The children's communication checklist-2. London: Psychological Corporation.
14. Black, B., & Uhde, T. W. (1992). Elective mutism as a variant of social phobia. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 31, 1090-1094.
15. Black, B., & Uhde, T. W. (1995). Psychiatric characteristics of children with selective mutism: A pilot study. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 34, 847-856.
16. Cohan, S. L., Chavira, D. A., & Stein, M. B. (2006). Psychosocial treatments for children with selective mutism: A critical evaluation of the literature from 1990-2005. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47, 1085-1097.
17. Cohan, S. L., Price, J. M., & Stein, M. B. (2006). Suffering in silence: Why a developmental psychopathology perspective on selective mutism is needed. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 27, 341-355.
18. Cunningham, C. E., McHolm, A. E., & Boyle, M. H. (2006). Social phobia, anxiety, oppositional behavior, social skills, and selfconcept in children with specific selective mutism, generalized selective mutism, and community controls. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 15, 245-255.
19. DiStefano, C., & Kamphaus, R. W. (2006). Investigating subtypes of child development: A comparison of cluster analysis and latent class cluster analysis in typology creation. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66, 778-794.
20. Dummit, E. S., Klein, R. G., Tancer, N. K., & Asche, B. (1997). Systematic assessment of 50 children with selective mutism. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 653-660.
21. Elizur, Y., & Perednik, R. (2003). Prevalence and description of selective mutism in immigrant and native families: A controlled study. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 42, 1451-1459.
22. Epkins, C. C. (2002). A comparison of two self-report measures of children's social anxiety in clinic and community samples. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 31, 69-79.
23. Eyberg, S., & Pincus, D. (1999). Eyberg child behavior inventory and sutter-eyberg student behavior inventory -revised professional manual. Lutz, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc.
24. Eyberg, S., & Robinson, E. (1983). Conduct problem behavior: Standardization of a behavior rating scale with adolescents. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 12, 347-354.
25. Ford, M. A., Sladeczek, I. E., Carlson, J., & Kratochwill, T. R. (1998). Selective mutism: Phenomenological characteristics. School Psychology Quarterly, 13, 192-227.
26. Fung, D. S., Manassis, K., Kenny, A., & Fiskenbaum, L. (2002). Web-based CBT for selective mutism. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 41, 112-113.
27. Kendall, P. C. (1994). Treating anxiety disorders in children: Results of a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62, 100-110.
28. Kraemer, H. C. (2007). DSM categories and dimensions in clinical and research contexts. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 16, S8-S15.
29. Kristensen, H. (2000). Selective mutism and comorbidity with developmental disorder/delay, anxiety disorder, and elimination disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 39, 249-256.
30. Kristensen, H. (2001). Multiple informants report of emotional and behavioural problems in a nation-wide sample of selective mute children and controls. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 10, 135-142.
31. Kristensen, H., & Torgersen, S. (2001). MCMI-II personality traits and symptom traits in parents of children with selective mutism: A case-control study. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 110, 648-652.
32. Kristensen, H., & Torgersen, S. (2002). A case-control study of EAS child and parental temperaments in selectively mute children with and without a co-morbid communication disorder. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 56(5), 347-353.
33. Krohn, D. D., Weckstein, S. M., & Wright, H. L. (1992). A study of the effectiveness of a specific treatment for elective mutism. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 31, 711-718.
34. La Greca, A. M. (1999). Manual for the social anxiety scales for children and adolescents. Miami, FL: Author.
35. Langley, A. K., Bergman, R. L., McCracken, J., & Piacentini, J. C. (2004). Impairment in childhood anxiety disorders: Preliminary examination of the Child Anxiety Impact Scale-Parent Version. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 14, 105-114.
36. Langley, A. K., Bergman, R. L., & Piacentini, J. C. (2002). Assessment of child anxiety. International Review of Psychiatry, 14, 102-113.
37. Manassis, K., Fung, D., Tannock, R., Sloman, L., Fiksenbaum, L., & Mclnnes, A. (2003). Characterizing selective mutism: Is it more than social anxiety? Depression & Anxiety, 18, 153-161.
38. Manassis, K., Tannock, R., Garland, E. J., Minde, K., McInnes, E., & Clark, S. (2007). The sounds of silence: Language, cognition, and anxiety in selective mutism. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 46, 1187-1195.
39. McInnes, A., Fung, D., Manassis, K., Fiskenbaum, L., & Tannock, R. (2004). Narrative skills in children with selective mutism: An exploratory study. American Journal of Speech and Language Pathology, 13, 304-315.
40. Mendlowitz, S. (2007). When cognitive behavioral therapy isn't enough. Paper presented at the 13th international congress of the European Society of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Florence, Italy.
41. Meyers, K., McDermott, P. A., Webb, A., & Hagan, T. A. (2006). Mapping the clinical complexities of adolescents with substance use disorders: A typological study. Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse, 16, 5-24.
42. Mills, R. S. L., & Rubin, K. H. (1998). Are behavioral control and psychological control both differentially associated with childhood aggression and social withdrawal? Canadian Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 30, 132-136.
43. Muthén, B. (2004). Latent variable analysis: Growth Mixture modeling and related techniques for longitudinal data. In D. Kaplan (Ed.), Handbook of quantitative methodology for the social sciences (pp. 345-368). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
44. Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (2004). Mplus user's guide (4th ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén.
45. Norbury, C. F., Nash, M., Baird, G., & Bishop, D. V. M. (2004). Using a parental checklist to identify diagnostic groups in children with communication impairment: A validation of the Children's Communication Checklist-2. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders, 39, 345-364.
46. Nylund, K. L., Asparouhov, T., & Muthén, B. O. (2007). Deciding on the number of classes in latent class analysis and growth mixture modeling. A Monte Carlo simulation study. Structural equation modeling: A multidisciplinary Journal, 14, 535-569.
47. Robins, D., & Guze, S. B. (1970). Establishment of diagnostic validity in psychiatric illness: Its application to schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 126 , 983-987.
48. Rubin, K. H., Burgess, K. B., & Hastings, P. D. (2002). Stability and social-behavioral consequences of toddlers' inhibited temperament and parenting behaviors. Child Development, 73, 483-495.
49. Schwartz, R. H., & Shipon-Blum, E. (2005). "Shy" child? Don't overlook selective mutism. Contemporary Pediatrics, 22, 30-34.
50. Schwarz, G. (1978). Estimating the dimensions of a model. Annals of Statistics, 6, 461-464.
51. Sclove L. S. (1987). Application of model-selection criteria to some problems in multivariate analysis. Psychometrika, 52, 333-343.
52. Sharp, W. G., Sherman, C., & Gross, A. M. (2007). Selective mutism and anxiety: A review of the current conceptualization of the disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 24, 568-579.
53. Shear, M. K., Bjelland, I., Beesdo, K., Gloster, A. T., & Wittchen, H. (2007). Supplementary dimensional assessment in anxiety disorders. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 16, S52-S64.
54. Silverman, W., Saavedra, L., & Pina, A. (2001) Test-retest reliability of anxiety symptoms and diagnoses with the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-IV: Child and parent versions. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 40, 937-944.
55. Smith, S. D. (2007). Genes, language development, and language disorders. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 13, 96-105.
56. Sparrow, S. S., Cicchetti, D. V., & Balla, D. A., (2005). Vineland adaptive behavior scales: Second edition (Vineland II), Survey interview form/caregiver rating form. Livonia, MN: Pearson Assessments.
57. SPSS Inc. (2003). SPSS for Windows, Rel. 12.0.0. Chicago, IL: Author.
58. Stein, M. B. (2006). An epidemiologic perspective on social anxiety disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 67(S12), 3-8.
59. Steinhausen, H. C., & Adamek, R. (1997). The family history of children with elective mutism: A research report. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 6, 107-111.
60. Steinhausen, H., & Juzi, C. (1996). Elective mutism: An analysis of 100 cases. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 35, 606-614.
61. Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2000). Using multivariate statistics (4th ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
62. Tallal, P., Miller, S., & Fitch, R. H. (1993). Neurobiological basis of speech: A case for the preeminence of temporal processing. Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 692, 27-47.
63. Tilfors, M. (2004). Why do some individuals develop social phobia? A review with emphasis on the neurobiological influences. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 58, 267-276.
64. Toppelberg, C. O., Tabors, P., Coggins, A., Lum, K., & Burger, C. (2005). Differential diagnosis of selective mutism in bilingual children. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 44, 592-595.
65. Vecchio, J. L., & Kearney, C. A. (2005). Selective mutism in children: Comparison to youths with and without anxiety disorders. Journal of Psychopathology & Behavioral Assessment, 27, 31-37.
66. Vermunt, J. K., & Magidson, J. (2002). Latent class cluster analysis. In J. A. Hagenaars & A. L. McCutcheon (Eds.), Applied latent class analysis (pp. 89-106). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
67. Wilkins, R. (1985). A comparison of elective mutism and emotional disorders in children. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 146, 198-203.
68. Yeganeh, R., Beidel, D. C., & Turner, S. (2006). Selective mutism: More than social anxiety? Depression and Anxiety, 23, 117-123.
69. Yeganeh, R., Beidel, D. C., Turner, S. M., Pina, A. A., & Silverman, W. K. (2003). Clinical distinctions between selective mutism and social phobia: An investigation of childhood psychopathology. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 42, 1069-1075.