Methylene blue surface area method to correlate with specific soil properties

Geotechnical Testing Journal

Volumn 31, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 503-512

  Sivapullaiah, P V ^a   Prasad, B Guru ^a   Allam, M M ^a  

^a INDIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE   (India)

Author keywords

Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether; Free swell index; Liquid limit; Methylene blue; Specific surface area; Water adsorption

Indexed keywords

ADSORPTION; ATMOSPHERIC HUMIDITY; CORRELATION METHODS; ETHERS; ETHYLENE; ETHYLENE GLYCOL; GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING; GLYCOLS; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; ORGANIC COMPOUNDS; SILICA; SILICATE MINERALS; SOILS; SPECIFIC SURFACE AREA; VOLUMETRIC ANALYSIS; AROMATIC COMPOUNDS; POLYOLS;

ENGINEERING PROPERTIES; FREE SWELL INDEX; FREE SWELL INDICES; LIQUID LIMIT; LIQUID LIMITS; MB METHODS; METHYLENE BLUE; METHYLENE BLUES; RELATIVE HUMIDITIES; SOIL PROPERTIES; SPECIFIC AREAS; SPECIFIC SURFACES; SURFACE AREAS; WATER ADSORPTION; WATER ADSORPTIONS;

DEWATERING; SPECIFIC SURFACE AREA;

ADSORPTION; DYE; EQUILIBRIUM; GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING; ION EXCHANGE; KAOLINITE; RELATIVE HUMIDITY; SOIL PROPERTY;

ADSORPTION METHOD; AREA METHOD; ENGINEERING PROPERTIES; ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOETHYL ETHER; FREE SWELL INDEX; LIQUID LIMITS; METHYLENE BLUE; SOIL PROPERTY; SURFACE AREA; WATER ADSORPTION;

EID: 57149094888     PISSN: 01496115     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. ASTM Standard D854-02, "Standard for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids," Annual Book of ASTM Standards, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
2. ASTM Standard C837-92, "Standard for Methylene Blue Index of Clay," Annual Book of ASTM Standards, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
3. ASTM Standard D422-02, "Standard for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils," Annual Book of ASTM Standards, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
4. ASTM Standard D2487-01, "Standard for Atterberg Limits of Soils," Annual Book of ASTM Standards, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
5. Antonella, C., Stefania, M., Claudio, S., and Massimo, S., 2004, "Clay Mineral Characterization Through the Methylene Blue Test: Comparison with Other Experimental Techniques and Application of the Method," Can. Geotech. J., Vol. 4, pp. 1168-1178.
6. Borkovec, M., Wu, Q., Degovics, G., Laggner, P., and Sticher, H., 1993, "Surface Area and Size Distributions of Soil Particles," Colloids Surf., A, Vol. 73, pp. 65-76.
7. Brantley, S. L. and Mellott, N. P., 2000, "Surface Area and Porosity of Primary Silicate Minerals," Am. Mineral, Vol. 85, pp. 1767-1783.
8. Brunauer, S., Emmett, P. H., and Teller, E., 1938, "Adsorption of Gases in Multimolecular Layers," J. Am. Chem. Soc., Vol. 60, pp. 309-319.
9. Buswell, A. M., Krebs, K., and Rodebush, W. H., 1937, "Infrared Studies. III. Absorption Bands of Hydrogels Between 2.5 and 3.5 Micrometers," J. Am. Chem. Soc., Vol. 59, pp. 2603-2605.
10. Carter, D. L., Heilman, M. D., and Gonzalez, C. L., 1965, "Ethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether for Determining Surface Area of Silicate Minerals," Soil Sci., Vol. 100, pp. 356-360.
11. Carter, D. L., Mortland, M. M., and Kemper, W. D., 1986, "Specific Surface Methods of Soil Analysis," Chapter 16, Agronomy, No. 9, Part 1, 2nd ed., American Society of Agronomy, pp. 413-423.
12. Cerato, A. B. and Lutenegger, A. J., 2002, "Determination of Surface Area of Fine Grained Soils by the Ethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether (EGME) Method," Geotech. Test. J., Vol. 25, pp. 1-7.
13. Chen, G., Pan, J., Han, B., and Yan, H., 1999, "Adsorption of Methylene Blue on Montmorillonite," J. Dispersion Sci. Technol, Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 1179-1187.
14. Churchman, G. J., Burke, C. M., and Parfitt, R. L., 1991, "Comparison of Various Methods for the Determination of Specific Surfaces of Subsoils," J. Soil Sci., Vol. 42, pp. 449-461.
15. Coleman, J. D. and Farrar, D. M., 1956, "The Measurement of the Vapour Pressure and Surface Area of Soils," Res. Note No. 2763, Road Research Laboratory, U. K.
16. Daniel, J. L., Inyang, H., and Brochu, Jr., M., 2004, "Specific Surface Area of Barrier Mixtures at Various Outgas Temperatures," J. Environ. Eng., Vol. 130, pp. 867-871.
17. de Jong, E., 1999, "Comparison of Three Methods of Measuring Surface Area of Soils," Can. J. Soil Sci., Vol. 79, pp. 345-351.
18. Dios Cancela, G., Huertas, F. J., Romero Taboada, E., Sanchez Rasero, F., and Hernandez Laguna, A., 1997, "Adsorption of Water Vapor by Homoionic Montmorillonites Heats of Adsorption and Desorption," J. Colloid Interface Sci., Vol. 185, pp. 343-354.
19. Dyal, R. S. and Hendricks, S. B., 1950, "Total Surface of Clays in Polar Liquids as a Characteristic Index," Soil Sci., Vol. 49, pp. 421-432.
20. Eltantawy, I. M. and Arnold, P. W., 1973, "Reappraisal of Ethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether (EGME) Method for Surface Area Estimations of Clays," J. Soil Sci., Vol. 24, pp. 232-238.
21. Farrar, D. M., 1963, "The Use of Vapour Pressure and Moisture Content Measurement to Deduce the Internal and External Surface Area of Particles," J. Soil Sci., Vol. 14, pp. 303-321.
22. Farrar, D. M. and Coleman, J. D., 1967, "The Correlation of Surface Areas with Other Properties of 19 British Clay Soils," J. Soil Sci., Vol. 18, pp. 118-124.
23. Gillott, J. E., 1968, Clay in Engineering Geology, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
24. Hähner, G., Marti, A., Spencer, N. D., and Caseri, W. R., 1996, "Orientation and Electronic Structure of Methylene Blue on Mica: A Near Edge X-ray Adsorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy Study," J. Chem. Phys., Val. 104, No. 19, pp. 7749-7757.
25. Hang, P. T. and Brindley, G. W., 1970, "Methylene Blue Absorption by Clay Minerals. Determination of Surface Areas and Cation Exchange Capacities (Clay-Organic Studies XVIII)," Clays Clay Miner., Vol. 18, pp. 203-212.
26. Heilman, M. D., Carter, D. L., and Gonzalez, C. L., 1965, "The Ethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether (EGME) Technique for Determining Soil Surface Area," Soil Sci., Vol. 100, pp. 409-413.
27. Inel, O. and Tumsek, F., 2000, "The Measurement of Surface Areas of Some Silicates by Solution Adsorption," Turk. J. Chem, Vol. 24, pp. 9-19.
28. Kahr, G. and Madsen, F. T., 1995, "Determination of the Cation Exchange Capacity and the Surface Area of Bentonite, Mite and Kaolinite by Methylene Blue Adsorption," Appl. Clay Sci., Vol. 9, pp. 327-336.
29. Kandhal, P. S. and Parker, F., 1998, "Aggregate Tests Related to Asphalt Concrete Performance in Pavements," National Cooperative Highway Research Program NCHRP Report, Vol. 405, Washington DC.
30. Madejova, J., Janek, M., Komadel, P., Herbert, H. J., and Moog, H. C., 2002, "FTIR Analyses of Water in MX-80 Bentonite Compacted from High Salinary Salt Solution Systems," Appl. Clay Sci., Vol. 20, pp. 255-271.
31. Mitchell, J. K., 1993, Fundamentals of Soil Behavior, 2nd ed., Wiley, New York.
32. Mooney, R. W., Keenan, A. C., and Wood, L. A., 1952, "Adsorption of Water by Montmorillonite. II. Effect of Exchangeable Ions and Lattice Swelling as Measured by X-ray Diffraction," J. Am. Chem. Soc., Vol. 74, pp. 1371-1374.
33. Moore, R., 1991, "The Chemical and Mineralogical Controls Upon the Residual Strength of Pure and Natural Clays," Geotechnique, Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 35-47.
34. Mortland, M. M., 1954, "Specific Surface and Its Relationship to Some Physical and Chemical Properties of Soils," Soil Sci., Vol. 76, pp. 343-348.
35. Orchiston, H. D., 1953, "Adsorption of Water Vapour: 1. Soils at 25°C," Soil Sci., Vol. 76, pp. 453-465.
36. Orchiston, H. D., 1954 "Adsorption of Water Vapour: 2. Clays at 25°C," Soil Sci., Vol. 78, pp. 463-480.
37. JCPDS, 1999, "The Powder Diffraction File," Joint Committee for Powder Diffraction Studies, "The Powder Diffraction File- International Centre for Diffraction Data (ICDD)," Newtown Square, PA.
38. Petersen, L. W., Moldrup, P., Jacobsen, O. H., and Rolston, D. E., 1996, "Relations Between Specific Surface Area and Soil Physical and Chemical Properties," Soil Sci., Vol. 161, No. 1, pp. 9-21.
39. Phelps, G. W. and Harris, D. L., 1967, "Specific Surface and Dry Strength by Methylene Blue Adsorption," Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull., Vol. 47, pp. 1146-1150.
40. Poinsignon, C., Cases, J. M., and Fripiat, J. J., 1978, "Electrical Polarization of Water Molecules Adsorbed by Smectites-An Infrared Study," J. Phys. Chem., Vol. 82, pp. 1855-1860.
41. Prakash, K. and Sridharan, A., 2002, "Determination of Liquid Limit from Equilibrium Sediment Volume," Geotechnique, Vol. 52, No. 9, pp. 693-696.
42. Prakash, K. and Sridharan, A., 2004, "Free Swell Ratio and Clay Mineralogy of Fine-Grained Soils," Geotech. Test. J., Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 220-225.
43. Puri, B. and Murai, K., 1963, "Studies in Surface Area Measurements of Soils: Comparison of Different Methods," Soil Sri. Vol. 96, pp. 331-336.
44. Quirk, J. P., 1955, "Significance of Surface Areas Calculated from Water Vapour Adsorption Isotherms by the Use of the BET Equation," Soil Sci., Vol. 80, pp. 423-431.
45. Quirk, J. P. and Murray, R. S., 1999, "Appraisal of the Ethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether Method for Measuring Hydratable Surface Area of Clays and Soils," Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., Vol. 63, pp. 839-849.
46. Riddick, J. A., Bunger, W. B., and Sakano, T. K., 1986, Organic Solvents-Physical Properties and Methods of Purification, 4th ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York.
47. Ristori, G. G., Sparvoli, E., Landi, L., and Martelloni, C., 1989, "Measurement of Specific Surface Areas of Soils by p-Nitrophenol Adsorption," Appl. Clay Sci., Vol. 4, pp. 521- 532.
48. Santamarina, J. C., Klein, K. A., Wang, Y. H., and Prencke, E., 2002, "Specific Surface: Determination and Relevance," Can. Geotech. J., Vol. 39, pp. 233-241.
49. Sivapullaiah, P. V and Manju, M., 2005, "Kaolinite-Alkali Interaction and Effects on Basic Properties," Geotech. Geologic. Eng., Vol. 23, No. 5, pp. 601-614.
50. Sivapullaiah, P. V., Sridharan, A., and Vijaya Bhaskar Raju, K., 1996, "Index Properties of Soils Contaminated by Electrolytes," Environmental Geotechnology: Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposuim, Hsai-Yang Fang and Hilary I. Inyang, Eds. Technomic Publishing Company, Lancaster, PA, Vol. 1, pp. 198-207.
51. Slade, P. G., 1991, "Crystalline Swelling of Smectite Samples in Concentrated NaCl Solutions in Relation to Layer Charge," Clays Clay Miner., Vol. 39, pp. 234-238.
52. Sposito, G., 1984, The Surface Chemistry of Soils, Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 77-112.
53. Sridharan, A. and Prakash, K., 1998, "Mechanism Controlling the Shrinkage Limit of Soils," Geotech. Test. J., Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 240-250.
54. Sridharan, A. and Prakash, K., 1999, "Influence of Clay Mineralogy and Pore-Medium Chemistry on Clay Sediment Formation," Can. Geotech. J., Vol. 36, pp. 961-966.
55. Sridharan, A. and Venkatappa Rao, G., 1972, "Surface Area Determination of Clays," Geotech. Eng., Vol. 3, pp. 127-132.
56. Sridharan, A., Rao, S. M., and Murthy, N. S., 1985, "Free Swell Index of Soils: A Need for Redefinition," Indian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 94-99.
57. Sridharan, A., Rao, S. M., and Murthy, N. S., 1986, "Compressibility Behavior of Homoionized Bentonites," Geotechnique, Vol. 36, No. 4, pp. 551-564.
58. Tiller, K. G. and Smith, L. H., 1990, "Limitations of EGME Retention to Estimate the Surface Area of Soils," Austral. J. Soil Res., Vol. 28, pp. 1-26.
59. Vanamerongen, H., 1967, "Measurement of the Specific Surface of Clays and Its Applications," Science of Ceramics, Vol. 3, Steward, Ed., pp. 53-64.
60. Wang, M., Wang, S., and Wang, W., 1993, "Rapid Estimation of Cation Exchange Capacities of Soils and Clays with Methylene Blue Exchange," Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., Vol. 60, pp. 138-141.
61. Yeliz Yukselen and Abidin Kaya, 2006, "Comparison of Methods for Determining Specific Surface Area of Soils," J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 132, No. 7, pp. 931-936.