Grazing gradient versus restoration succession of leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel. Grassland in Inner Mongolia

Restoration Ecology

Volumn 16, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 572-583

  Li, Yonghong ^a,b   Wang, Wei ^c   Liu, Zhongling ^c   Jiang, Shu ^a  

^a INSTITUTE OF BOTANY   (China)

^b THE NEW ZEALAND INSTITUTE FOR PLANT AND FOOD RESEARCH LIMITED   (New Zealand)

^c INNER MONGOLIA UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

Biomass; Degradation; Size density compensation; Space for time substitution; Species diversity

Indexed keywords

BIODIVERSITY; BIOMASS; ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION; GRASSLAND; GRAZING PRESSURE; HABITAT RESTORATION; RESTORATION ECOLOGY;

ASIA; CHINA; EURASIA; FAR EAST; NEI MONGGOL;

ANIMALIA; LEYMUS CHINENSIS;

EID: 57149086932     PISSN: 10612971     EISSN: 1526100X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2007.00332.x     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Adler, P. B., and S. A. Hall. 2005. The development of forage production and utilization gradients around livestock watering points. Landscape Ecology 20:319-333.
2. Andrew, M. H. 1988. Grazing impact in relation to livestock watering point. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 3:336-339.
3. Austin, M. P. 1977. Use of ordination and other multivariate descriptive methods to study succession. Vegetatio 35:165-175.
4. Bosch, O. J. H., and K. Kellner. 1991. Use of a degradation gradient for ecological interpretation of condition assessments in the western grassland biome of southern Africa. Journal of Arid Environments 21:21-29.
5. Box, E. O., and K. Fujiwara. 2005. Vegetation types and their broad-scale distribution. Pages 106-128 in E. van der Marrel, editor. Vegetation ecology. Blackwell Science, Oxford, United Kingdom.
6. Cingolani, A. M., I. Moy-Meir, and A. Diaz. 2005. Grazing effects on rangeland diversity: A synthesis of contemporary models. Ecological Applications 15:757-773.
7. del-Val, E., and M. J. Crawley. 2004. Interspecific competition and tolerance to defoliation in four grassland species. Canadian Journal of Botany 87:871-877.
8. Dyksterhuis, E. J. 1949. Condition and management of grassland based on quantitative ecology. Journal of Range Management 2:104-115.
9. Fernandez-Gimenez, M., and B. Allen-Diaz. 2001. Vegetation change along gradients from water sources in three grazed Mongolian ecosystems. Plant Ecology 157:101-118.
10. Fusco, M., J. Holochek, A. Tembo, A. Daniel, and M. Cardnas. 1995. Grazing influence on watering point vegetation in the Chihuahuan desert. Journal of Range Management 48:32-38.
11. Gorham, E. 1979. Shoot height, weight and standing crop in relation to density of monospecific plant stands. Nature 279:148-150.
12. Guan, S., P. Qi, S. Kang, and J. Chang. 1997. Effects of different grazing intensities on steppe soil nutrient contents (in Chinese). Research on Grassland Ecosystems 5:22-30.
13. Guo, Q. F., and P. W. Rundel. 1998. Self-thinning in early postfire chaparral succession: Mechanism, implications, and a combined approach. Ecology 79:579-586.
14. Harper, J. L. 1969. The role of predation in vegetational diversity. Diversity and stability in ecological systems. Brookhaven Symposium in Biology 22:48-62.
15. Hart, R. H. 2001. Plant biodiversity on shortgrass steppe after 55 years of zero, light, moderate or heavy cattle grazing. Plant Ecology 155:111-118.
16. Hendricks, H. H., W. J. Bond, J. J. Midgley, and P. A. Novellie. 2005. Plant species richness and composition along livestock grazing intensity gradients in a Namaqualand (South Africa) protected area. Plant Ecology 176:19-33.
17. Hooper, E. R. 2004. Factors affecting community composition of forest regeneration in deforested, abandoned land in Panama. Ecology 85:3313-3326.
18. Jia, S., X. Cui, S. Li, Y. Chen, and G. Wang. 1997. Changes of soil physical attributes along grazing gradient (in Chinese). Research on Grassland Ecosystems 5:16-21.
19. Jiang, S. 1988. Setting up the experimental sites for grassland ecosystem research and vegetation status (in Chinese). Research on Grassland Ecosystems 3:1-12.
20. Kang, S., S. Guan, and P. Qi. 1992. Research on the nutrient contents and dynamics in dark chestnut soil under Aneurolepidium chinense steppe (in Chinese). Research on Grassland Ecosystems 4:81-89.
21. Katoh, K., K. Takeuchi, D. Jiang, Y. Nan, and Z. Kou. 1998. Vegetation restoration by seasonal exclosure in the Kerqin Sandy Land, Inner Mongolia. Plant Ecology 139:133-134.
22. Kropff, M. J., and J. Goudriaan 1994. Competition for resource use in agricultural crops. Pages 233-254 in J. L. Monteith, R. K. Scott, and M. H. Unsworth, editors. Resource capture by crops. Nottingham University Press, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
23. Le Houerou, H. N., R. L. Bingham, and W. Skerbek. 1988. Relationship between the variability of primary production and the variability of annual precipitation in world arid lands. Journal of Arid Environments 15:1-18.
24. Li, Y. 1989. Impact of grazing on Aneurolepidium chinense steppe and Stipa grandis steppe. Acta Oecologica/Oecologia Applicata 10:31-46.
25. Li, Y. 1991. The current situation of steppe rangeland use in Inner Mongolia-relationships between rangeland structure and grazing. Pages 341-245 in A. Gaston, M. Kernick, and H. Le Houerou, editors. Proceedings of the 4th International Rangeland Congress, April 22-26, Montpellier, France.
26. Li, Y. 1992. Accordance of the grassland dynamics on temporal gradient of restoration succession to their changes on spatial gradient of grazing (in Chinese). Research on Grassland Ecosystems 4:1-7.
27. Li, Y., and S. Wang. 1997a. Estimation of the forage preference and diets of Mongolian sheep (in Chinese). Acta Prataculturae Sinica 7:50-53.
28. Li, Y., and S. Wang. 1997b. Vegetative reproductive strategies of steppe species to livestock grazing (in Chinese). Research on Grassland Ecosystems 5:31-41.
29. Li, B., S. Yong, and Z. Li. 1988. Vegetation of the Xilin river Basin and its utilization in Xilingol catchment area (in Chinese). Research on Grassland Ecosystems 3:84-183.
30. Li, J., Z. Li, and J. Ren. 2005. Effects of grazing intensity on clonal morphological plasticity and biomass allocation patterns of Artemisia frigida and Potentilla acaulis in the Inner Mongolia steppe. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 48:57-61.
31. Liang, C., D. L. Michalk, and G. D. Millar. 2002. The ecology and growth patterns of Cleistogenes species in degraded grasslands of eastern Inner Mongolia, China. Journal of Applied Ecology 39:584-594.
32. Liu, S., and Z. Liu. 1988. Outline of the flora in the Xilin River basin, Inner Mongolia (in Chinese). Research on Grassland Ecosystems 3:227-268.
33. Ma, Y. Q., editor. 1978 -1985. Flora Intramongolica (in Chinese). Vol. 1-8. Inner Mongolia Peoples' Publishing House, Huhhot.
34. Matthew, C., G. Lemaire, N. R. Sackville Hamilton, and A. G. Hernandez-Garay. 1995. A modified size/density equation to describe size/ density relationships for defoliated swards. Annals of Botany 76:579-589.
35. Michener, W. K. 1997. Quantitatively evaluating restoration experiments: research design, statistical analysis, and data management considerations. Restoration Ecology 5:324-337.
36. Milchunas, D. G., and W. K. Lauenroth. 1993. A quantitative assessment of the effects of grazing on vegetation and soils over a global range of environments. Ecological Monograph 63:327-366.
37. Pickett, S. T. A. 1989. Space-for-time substitution as an alternative to long-term studies. Pages 110-135 in G. Likens, editor. Long-term studies in ecology: Applications and alternatives. Springer-Verlag, New York.
38. Pickup, G., G. N. Bastin, and V. H. Chewings. 1998. Identifying trends in land degradation in non-equilibrium grasslands. Journal of Applied Ecology 35:365-377.
39. Riginos, C., and M. T. Hoffman. 2003. Changes in population biology of two succulent shrubs along a grazing gradient. Journal of Applied Ecology 40:615-625.
40. Stewart-Oaten, A., W. M. Murdoch, and K. R. Parker. 1986. Environmental impact assessment: "pseudoreplication"in time? Ecology 67:929-940.
41. Thwaites, R., T. de Lacy, Y. Li, and X. Liu. 1997. Property rights, social change and grassland degradation in Xilingol Biosphere Reserve, Inner Mongolia, China. Society and Natural Resources 11:319-338.
42. Turner, M. D. 1998. Long-term effects of daily grazing orbits on nutrient availability in Sahelian West Africa. I. Gradient in the chemical composition of rangeland soils and vegetation. Journal of Biogeography 25:669-682.
43. Wang, J., and W. Cai. 1988. Studies of the genesis, types and characteristics of soils in Xilin River Basin. Inner Mongolia (in Chinese). Research on Grassland Ecosystems 3:23-83.
44. Wang, W., Z. Liu, D. Hao, and C. Liang. 1996a. Research on the restoring succession of the degenerated grassland in Inner Mongolia I: Basic characteristics and driving force of the restoration (in Chinese). Acta Phytoecologica Sinica 20:449-459.
45. Wang, W., Z. Liu, D. Hao, and C. Liang. 1996b. Research on the restoring succession of the degenerated grassland in Inner Mongolia II: Analysis of the restoring process (in Chinese). Acta Phytoecologica Sinica 20:460-471.
46. Wang, Y., S. Yong, and Z. Liu. (Editorial Committee for Vegetation of Inner Mongolia). 1985. Vegetation of Inner Mongolia (in Chinese). Science Press, Beijing.
47. Weller, D. E. 1989. The interspecific size-density relationship among crowded plant stands and its implications for the -2/3 power rule of thinning. American Naruturist 133:20-41.
48. Wu, J., and O. Loucks. 1992. Xilingele. Pages 67-84 in National Research Council, editor. Grasslands and grassland science in Northern China. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.
49. Wu, Z., editor. 1980. Vegetation of China (in Chinese). Science Press, Beijing.
50. Xiao, X. M., S. Jiang, Y. Wang, D. S. Ojima, and C. D. Bonham. 1996. Temporal variation in aboveground biomass of Leymus chinensis steppe from species to community levels in the Xilin River Basin, Inner Mongolia, China. Vegetatio 123:1-12.
51. Yoda, K., T. Kira, H. Ogawa, and K. Hozumi. 1963. Self-thinning in overcrowded pure stands under cultivated and natural conditions. Journal of Biology, Osaka City University 14:107-129.
52. Zhang, W., and C. Skarpe. 1995. Small-scale species dynamics in semi-arid steppe vegetation in Inner Mongolia. Journal of Vegetation Science 6:583-592.