메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 47, Issue 10, 2008, Pages 536-544

Cognitive impairment associated to leukoaraiosis: Its pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and treatment;Deterioro cognitivo asociado a la leucoaraiosis: Fisiopatología, manifestaciones clínicas y tratamiento

Author keywords

Leukoaraiosis; Molecular markers; Vascular dementia; White matter disease

Indexed keywords

CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITOR; N METHYL DEXTRO ASPARTIC ACID RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT;

EID: 57049159848     PISSN: 02100010     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.33588/rn.4710.2008386     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (10)

References (94)
  • 1
    • 0023192795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hachinski VC, Potter P, Merskey H. Leuko-araiosis. Arch Neurol 1987; 44: 21-3.
    • Hachinski VC, Potter P, Merskey H. Leuko-araiosis. Arch Neurol 1987; 44: 21-3.
  • 2
    • 0030937940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathogenesis of leukoaraiosis: A review
    • Pantoni L, Garcia JH. Pathogenesis of leukoaraiosis: a review. Stroke 1997; 28: 652-9.
    • (1997) Stroke , vol.28 , pp. 652-659
    • Pantoni, L.1    Garcia, J.H.2
  • 3
    • 0031656710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leukoaraiosis and vascular dementia
    • Van Gijn J. Leukoaraiosis and vascular dementia. Neurology 1998; 51 (Suppl 3): S3-8.
    • (1998) Neurology , vol.51 , Issue.SUPPL. 3
    • Van Gijn, J.1
  • 4
    • 33748463827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age, hypertension, and lacunar stroke are the major determinants of the severity of age-related white matter changes. The LADIS (leukoaraiosis and disability in the elderly) study
    • Basile AM, Pantoni L, Pracucci G, Asplund K, Chabriat H, Erkinjuntti T, et al. Age, hypertension, and lacunar stroke are the major determinants of the severity of age-related white matter changes. The LADIS (leukoaraiosis and disability in the elderly) study. Cerebrovasc Dis 2006; 21: 315-22.
    • (2006) Cerebrovasc Dis , vol.21 , pp. 315-322
    • Basile, A.M.1    Pantoni, L.2    Pracucci, G.3    Asplund, K.4    Chabriat, H.5    Erkinjuntti, T.6
  • 5
    • 0033081010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relation of left ventricular hypertrophy and geometry to asymptomatic cerebrovascular damage in essential hypertension
    • Kohara K, Zhao B, Jiang Y, Takata Y, Fukuoka T, Igase M, et al. Relation of left ventricular hypertrophy and geometry to asymptomatic cerebrovascular damage in essential hypertension. Am J Cardiol 1999; 83: 367-70.
    • (1999) Am J Cardiol , vol.83 , pp. 367-370
    • Kohara, K.1    Zhao, B.2    Jiang, Y.3    Takata, Y.4    Fukuoka, T.5    Igase, M.6
  • 6
    • 33645235977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship of deep white matter hyperintensities and cerebral blood flow in severe carotid artery stenosis
    • Patankar T, Widjaja E, Chant H, McCollum C, Baldwin R, Jeffries S, et al. Relationship of deep white matter hyperintensities and cerebral blood flow in severe carotid artery stenosis. Eur J Neurol 2006; 13: 10-6.
    • (2006) Eur J Neurol , vol.13 , pp. 10-16
    • Patankar, T.1    Widjaja, E.2    Chant, H.3    McCollum, C.4    Baldwin, R.5    Jeffries, S.6
  • 7
  • 8
    • 33646788002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ischemic demyelination
    • Kelley RE. Ischemic demyelination. Neurol Res 2006; 28: 334-40.
    • (2006) Neurol Res , vol.28 , pp. 334-340
    • Kelley, R.E.1
  • 9
    • 0035187193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychological profiles associated with subcortical white matter alterations and Parkinson's disease: Implications for the diagnosis of dementia
    • Libon DJ, Bogdanoff B, Leopold N, Hurka R, Bonavita J, Skalina S, et al. Neuropsychological profiles associated with subcortical white matter alterations and Parkinson's disease: implications for the diagnosis of dementia. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2001; 16: 19-32.
    • (2001) Arch Clin Neuropsychol , vol.16 , pp. 19-32
    • Libon, D.J.1    Bogdanoff, B.2    Leopold, N.3    Hurka, R.4    Bonavita, J.5    Skalina, S.6
  • 10
    • 0345109250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic resonance imaging white matter hyperintensities and mechanism of ischemic stroke
    • Mantyla R, Aronen HJ, Salonen O, Pohjasvaara T, Korpelainen M, Peltonen T, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging white matter hyperintensities and mechanism of ischemic stroke. Stroke 1999; 30: 2053-8.
    • (1999) Stroke , vol.30 , pp. 2053-2058
    • Mantyla, R.1    Aronen, H.J.2    Salonen, O.3    Pohjasvaara, T.4    Korpelainen, M.5    Peltonen, T.6
  • 11
    • 7244234168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The association between blood pressure, hypertension, and cerebral white matter lesions: Cardiovascular determinants of dementia study
    • Van Dijk EJ, Breteler MM, Schmidt R, Berger K, Nilsson LG, Oudkerk M, et al. The association between blood pressure, hypertension, and cerebral white matter lesions: cardiovascular determinants of dementia study. Hypertension 2004; 44 :625-30.
    • (2004) Hypertension , vol.44 , pp. 625-630
    • Van Dijk, E.J.1    Breteler, M.M.2    Schmidt, R.3    Berger, K.4    Nilsson, L.G.5    Oudkerk, M.6
  • 12
    • 57049154246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral microcirculation: Anatomy and function
    • Roman GC, ed, London: Science Press;
    • Roman GC. Cerebral microcirculation: anatomy and function. In Roman GC, ed. Managing vascular dementia. London: Science Press; 2003. p. 18-24.
    • (2003) Managing vascular dementia , pp. 18-24
    • Roman, G.C.1
  • 14
    • 33845650701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Family-based association study of matrix metalloproteinase-3 and -9 haplotypes with susceptibility to ischemic white matter injury
    • Fornage M, Mosley TH, Jack CR, De Andrade M, Kardia SL, Boerwinkle E, et al. Family-based association study of matrix metalloproteinase-3 and -9 haplotypes with susceptibility to ischemic white matter injury. Hum Genet 2007; 120: 671-80.
    • (2007) Hum Genet , vol.120 , pp. 671-680
    • Fornage, M.1    Mosley, T.H.2    Jack, C.R.3    De Andrade, M.4    Kardia, S.L.5    Boerwinkle, E.6
  • 15
    • 0031768024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Matrix metalloproteinases in cerebrovascular disease
    • Mun-Bryce S, Rosenberg GA. Matrix metalloproteinases in cerebrovascular disease. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1998; 18: 1163-72.
    • (1998) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab , vol.18 , pp. 1163-1172
    • Mun-Bryce, S.1    Rosenberg, G.A.2
  • 16
    • 0034963261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion induces MMP-2 but not MMP-9 expression in the microglia and vascular endothelium of white matter
    • Ihara M, Tomimoto H, Kinoshita M, Oh J, Noda M, Wakita H, et al. Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion induces MMP-2 but not MMP-9 expression in the microglia and vascular endothelium of white matter. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2001; 21: 828-34.
    • (2001) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab , vol.21 , pp. 828-834
    • Ihara, M.1    Tomimoto, H.2    Kinoshita, M.3    Oh, J.4    Noda, M.5    Wakita, H.6
  • 17
    • 33750930717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Matrix metalloproteinase-2 plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of white matter lesions after chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in rodents
    • Nakaji K, Ihara M, Takahashi C, Itohara S, Noda M, Takahashi R, et al. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of white matter lesions after chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in rodents. Stroke 2006; 37: 2816-23.
    • (2006) Stroke , vol.37 , pp. 2816-2823
    • Nakaji, K.1    Ihara, M.2    Takahashi, C.3    Itohara, S.4    Noda, M.5    Takahashi, R.6
  • 18
    • 0037312568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Markers of endothelial dysfunction in lacunar infarction and ischaemic leukoaraiosis
    • Hassan A, Hunt BJ, O'Sullivan M, Parmar K, Bamford JM, Briley D, et al. Markers of endothelial dysfunction in lacunar infarction and ischaemic leukoaraiosis. Brain 2003; 126: 424-32.
    • (2003) Brain , vol.126 , pp. 424-432
    • Hassan, A.1    Hunt, B.J.2    O'Sullivan, M.3    Parmar, K.4    Bamford, J.M.5    Briley, D.6
  • 19
    • 33751075727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathomechanism of leukoaraiosis: A molecular bridge between the genetic, biochemical, and clinical processes (a mitochondrial hypothesis)
    • Szolnoki Z. Pathomechanism of leukoaraiosis: a molecular bridge between the genetic, biochemical, and clinical processes (a mitochondrial hypothesis). Neuromolecular Med 2007; 9: 21-34.
    • (2007) Neuromolecular Med , vol.9 , pp. 21-34
    • Szolnoki, Z.1
  • 21
    • 0032409926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alterations in tau phosphorylation in rat and human neocortical brain slices following hypoxia and glucose deprivation
    • Burkhart KK, Beard DC, Lehman RA, Billingsley ML. Alterations in tau phosphorylation in rat and human neocortical brain slices following hypoxia and glucose deprivation. Exp Neurol 1998; 154: 464-72.
    • (1998) Exp Neurol , vol.154 , pp. 464-472
    • Burkhart, K.K.1    Beard, D.C.2    Lehman, R.A.3    Billingsley, M.L.4
  • 22
    • 0032476645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overexpression of tau protein inhibits kinesin-dependent trafficking of vesicles, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum: Implications for Alzheimer's disease
    • Ebneth A, Godemann R, Stamer K, Illenberger S, Trinczek B, Mandelkow E. Overexpression of tau protein inhibits kinesin-dependent trafficking of vesicles, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum: implications for Alzheimer's disease. J Cell Biol 1998; 143: 777-94.
    • (1998) J Cell Biol , vol.143 , pp. 777-794
    • Ebneth, A.1    Godemann, R.2    Stamer, K.3    Illenberger, S.4    Trinczek, B.5    Mandelkow, E.6
  • 23
    • 0037338557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is breakdown of the blood-brain barrier responsible for lacunar stroke, leukoaraiosis, and dementia?
    • Wardlaw JM, Sandercock PA, Dennis MS, Starr J. Is breakdown of the blood-brain barrier responsible for lacunar stroke, leukoaraiosis, and dementia? Stroke 2003; 34: 806-12.
    • (2003) Stroke , vol.34 , pp. 806-812
    • Wardlaw, J.M.1    Sandercock, P.A.2    Dennis, M.S.3    Starr, J.4
  • 25
    • 34247624500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical events behind leukoaraiosis: Medicinal chemistry offers new insight into a specific microcirculation disturbance in the brain (a chemical approach to a frequent cerebral phenotype)
    • Szolnoki Z. Chemical events behind leukoaraiosis: medicinal chemistry offers new insight into a specific microcirculation disturbance in the brain (a chemical approach to a frequent cerebral phenotype). Curr Med Chem 2007; 14: 1027-36.
    • (2007) Curr Med Chem , vol.14 , pp. 1027-1036
    • Szolnoki, Z.1
  • 26
    • 0037012467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiogenic and astroglial responses to vascular endothelial growth factor administration in adult rat brain
    • Krum JM, Mani N, Rosenstein JM. Angiogenic and astroglial responses to vascular endothelial growth factor administration in adult rat brain. Neuroscience 2002; 110: 589-604.
    • (2002) Neuroscience , vol.110 , pp. 589-604
    • Krum, J.M.1    Mani, N.2    Rosenstein, J.M.3
  • 27
    • 0141529716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vascular endothelial growth factor expression and angiogenesis induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in rat brain
    • Hai J, Li ST, Lin Q, Pan QG, Gao F, Ding MX. Vascular endothelial growth factor expression and angiogenesis induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in rat brain. Neurosurgery 2003; 53: 963-72.
    • (2003) Neurosurgery , vol.53 , pp. 963-972
    • Hai, J.1    Li, S.T.2    Lin, Q.3    Pan, Q.G.4    Gao, F.5    Ding, M.X.6
  • 28
    • 33745740520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross talk between the cardiovascular and nervous systems: Neurotrophic effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiogenic effects of nerve growth factor (NGF)-implications in drug development
    • Lazarovici P, Marcinkiewicz C, Lelkes PI. Cross talk between the cardiovascular and nervous systems: neurotrophic effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiogenic effects of nerve growth factor (NGF)-implications in drug development. Curr Pharm Des 2006; 12: 2609-22.
    • (2006) Curr Pharm Des , vol.12 , pp. 2609-2622
    • Lazarovici, P.1    Marcinkiewicz, C.2    Lelkes, P.I.3
  • 29
  • 30
  • 32
    • 3242684407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental cerebral hypoperfusion induces white matter injury and microglial activation in the rat brain
    • Farkas E, Donka G, De Vos RA, Mihaly A, Bari F, Luiten PG. Experimental cerebral hypoperfusion induces white matter injury and microglial activation in the rat brain. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 2004; 108: 57-64.
    • (2004) Acta Neuropathol (Berl) , vol.108 , pp. 57-64
    • Farkas, E.1    Donka, G.2    De Vos, R.A.3    Mihaly, A.4    Bari, F.5    Luiten, P.G.6
  • 33
    • 0030825440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion by permanent internal carotid ligation produces learning impairment without brain damage in rats
    • Ohta H, Nishikawa H, Kimura H, Anayama H, Miyamoto M. Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion by permanent internal carotid ligation produces learning impairment without brain damage in rats. Neuroscience 1997; 79: 1039-50.
    • (1997) Neuroscience , vol.79 , pp. 1039-1050
    • Ohta, H.1    Nishikawa, H.2    Kimura, H.3    Anayama, H.4    Miyamoto, M.5
  • 34
    • 0037966533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quercetin, a natural flavonoid, attenuates vacuolar formation in the optic tract in rat chronic cerebral hypoperfusion model
    • Takizawa S, Fukuyama N, Hirabayashi H, Kohara S, Kazahari S, Shinohara Y, et al. Quercetin, a natural flavonoid, attenuates vacuolar formation in the optic tract in rat chronic cerebral hypoperfusion model. Brain Res 2003; 980: 156-60.
    • (2003) Brain Res , vol.980 , pp. 156-160
    • Takizawa, S.1    Fukuyama, N.2    Hirabayashi, H.3    Kohara, S.4    Kazahari, S.5    Shinohara, Y.6
  • 35
    • 0037016322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Axonal damage and demyelination in the white matter after chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in the rat
    • Wakita H, Tomimoto H, Akiguchi I, Matsuo A, Lin JX, Ihara M, et al. Axonal damage and demyelination in the white matter after chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in the rat. Brain Res 2002; 924: 63-70.
    • (2002) Brain Res , vol.924 , pp. 63-70
    • Wakita, H.1    Tomimoto, H.2    Akiguchi, I.3    Matsuo, A.4    Lin, J.X.5    Ihara, M.6
  • 36
    • 31844454079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minocycline attenuates white matter damage in a rat model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion
    • Cho KO, La HO, Cho YJ, Sung KW, Kim SY. Minocycline attenuates white matter damage in a rat model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. J Neurosci Res 2006; 83: 285-91.
    • (2006) J Neurosci Res , vol.83 , pp. 285-291
    • Cho, K.O.1    HO, L.2    Cho, Y.J.3    Sung, K.W.4    Kim, S.Y.5
  • 37
    • 33645845665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotection by cilostazol, a phosphodiesterase type 3 inhibitor, against apoptotic white matter changes in rat after chronic cerebral hypoperfusion
    • Lee JH, Park SY, Shin YW, Hong KW, Kim CD, Sung SM, et al. Neuroprotection by cilostazol, a phosphodiesterase type 3 inhibitor, against apoptotic white matter changes in rat after chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Brain Res 2006; 1082: 182-91.
    • (2006) Brain Res , vol.1082 , pp. 182-191
    • Lee, J.H.1    Park, S.Y.2    Shin, Y.W.3    Hong, K.W.4    Kim, C.D.5    Sung, S.M.6
  • 38
    • 0345307205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion induces white matter lesions and loss of oligodendroglia with DNA fragmentation in the rat
    • Tomimoto H, Ihara M, Wakita H, Ohtani R, Lin JX, Akiguchi I, et al. Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion induces white matter lesions and loss of oligodendroglia with DNA fragmentation in the rat. Acta Neuropathol 2003; 106: 527-34.
    • (2003) Acta Neuropathol , vol.106 , pp. 527-534
    • Tomimoto, H.1    Ihara, M.2    Wakita, H.3    Ohtani, R.4    Lin, J.X.5    Akiguchi, I.6
  • 39
    • 0036278099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis of astrocytes with enhanced lysosomal activity and oligodendrocytes in white matter lesions in Alzheimer's disease
    • Kobayashi K, Hayashi M, Nakano H, Fukutani Y, Sasaki K, Shimazaki M, et al. Apoptosis of astrocytes with enhanced lysosomal activity and oligodendrocytes in white matter lesions in Alzheimer's disease. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2002; 28: 238-51.
    • (2002) Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol , vol.28 , pp. 238-251
    • Kobayashi, K.1    Hayashi, M.2    Nakano, H.3    Fukutani, Y.4    Sasaki, K.5    Shimazaki, M.6
  • 40
    • 0029041037 scopus 로고
    • Histopathologic correlates of white matter changes on MRI in Alzheimer's disease and normal aging
    • Scheltens P, Barkhof F, Leys D, Wolters EC, Ravid R, Kamphorst W. Histopathologic correlates of white matter changes on MRI in Alzheimer's disease and normal aging. Neurology 1995; 45: 883-8.
    • (1995) Neurology , vol.45 , pp. 883-888
    • Scheltens, P.1    Barkhof, F.2    Leys, D.3    Wolters, E.C.4    Ravid, R.5    Kamphorst, W.6
  • 41
    • 18744383607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathologies and pathological mechanisms for white matter hyperintensities in depression
    • Thomas AJ, Perry R, Barber R, Kalaria RN, O'Brien JT. Pathologies and pathological mechanisms for white matter hyperintensities in depression. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2002; 977: 333-9.
    • (2002) Ann N Y Acad Sci , vol.977 , pp. 333-339
    • Thomas, A.J.1    Perry, R.2    Barber, R.3    Kalaria, R.N.4    O'Brien, J.T.5
  • 42
    • 0030840767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • White matter lesions after occlusion of the bilateral carotid arteries in the rat -temporal profile of cerebral blood flow (CBF), oligodendroglia and myelin
    • Tomimoto H, Akiguchi I, Wakita H, Kimura J. White matter lesions after occlusion of the bilateral carotid arteries in the rat -temporal profile of cerebral blood flow (CBF), oligodendroglia and myelin. No To Shinkei 1997; 49: 639-44.
    • (1997) No To Shinkei , vol.49 , pp. 639-644
    • Tomimoto, H.1    Akiguchi, I.2    Wakita, H.3    Kimura, J.4
  • 44
    • 33747446674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hippocampal (ca1) activities in Wistar rats from different vendors. Fundamental differences in acute ischemia
    • Marosi M, Rakos G, Robotka H, Nemeth H, Sas K, Kis Z, et al. Hippocampal (ca1) activities in Wistar rats from different vendors. Fundamental differences in acute ischemia. J Neurosci Methods 2006; 156: 231-5.
    • (2006) J Neurosci Methods , vol.156 , pp. 231-235
    • Marosi, M.1    Rakos, G.2    Robotka, H.3    Nemeth, H.4    Sas, K.5    Kis, Z.6
  • 45
    • 33947646259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Permanent, bilateral common carotid artery occlusion in the rat: A model for chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-related neurodegenerative diseases
    • Farkas E, Luiten PG, Bari F. Permanent, bilateral common carotid artery occlusion in the rat: a model for chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-related neurodegenerative diseases. Brain Res Rev 2007; 54: 162-80.
    • (2007) Brain Res Rev , vol.54 , pp. 162-180
    • Farkas, E.1    Luiten, P.G.2    Bari, F.3
  • 46
    • 33746538359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The chronic vascular and haemodynamic response after permanent bilateral common carotid occlusion in newborn and adult rats
    • Choy M, Ganesan V, Thomas DL, Thornton JS, Proctor E, King MD, et al. The chronic vascular and haemodynamic response after permanent bilateral common carotid occlusion in newborn and adult rats. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2006; 26: 1066-75.
    • (2006) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab , vol.26 , pp. 1066-1075
    • Choy, M.1    Ganesan, V.2    Thomas, D.L.3    Thornton, J.S.4    Proctor, E.5    King, M.D.6
  • 47
    • 0034502476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired cerebromicrovascular perfusion. Summary of evidence in support of its causality in Alzheimer's disease
    • De la Torre JC. Impaired cerebromicrovascular perfusion. Summary of evidence in support of its causality in Alzheimer's disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2000; 924: 136-52.
    • (2000) Ann N Y Acad Sci , vol.924 , pp. 136-152
    • De la Torre, J.C.1
  • 48
    • 13844280302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibitory avoidance memory retention in the elevated Tmaze is impaired after perivascular manipulation of the common carotid arteries
    • De Bortoli VC, Zangrossi H Jr, De Aguiar-Correa FM, Almeida SS, De Oliveira AM. Inhibitory avoidance memory retention in the elevated Tmaze is impaired after perivascular manipulation of the common carotid arteries. Life Sci 2005; 76: 2103-14.
    • (2005) Life Sci , vol.76 , pp. 2103-2114
    • De Bortoli, V.C.1    Zangrossi Jr, H.2    De Aguiar-Correa, F.M.3    Almeida, S.S.4    De Oliveira, A.M.5
  • 49
    • 0037126173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistent impairment of gait performances and working memory after bilateral common carotid artery occlusion in the adult Wistar rat
    • Sarti C, Pantoni L, Bartolini L, Inzitari D. Persistent impairment of gait performances and working memory after bilateral common carotid artery occlusion in the adult Wistar rat. Behav Brain Res 2002; 136: 13-20.
    • (2002) Behav Brain Res , vol.136 , pp. 13-20
    • Sarti, C.1    Pantoni, L.2    Bartolini, L.3    Inzitari, D.4
  • 51
    • 38149065430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental model of lacunar infarction in the gyrencephalic brain of the miniature pig: Neurological assessment and histological, immunohistochemical, and physiological evaluation of dynamic corticospinal tract deformation
    • Tanaka Y, Imai H, Konno K, Miyagishima T, Kubota C, Puentes S, et al. Experimental model of lacunar infarction in the gyrencephalic brain of the miniature pig: neurological assessment and histological, immunohistochemical, and physiological evaluation of dynamic corticospinal tract deformation. Stroke 2008; 39: 205-12.
    • (2008) Stroke , vol.39 , pp. 205-212
    • Tanaka, Y.1    Imai, H.2    Konno, K.3    Miyagishima, T.4    Kubota, C.5    Puentes, S.6
  • 52
    • 34248560915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • L-3-n-butylphthalide improves cognitive impairment induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in rats
    • Peng Y, Xu S, Chen G, Wang L, Feng Y, Wang X. L-3-n-butylphthalide improves cognitive impairment induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2007; 321: 902-10.
    • (2007) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.321 , pp. 902-910
    • Peng, Y.1    Xu, S.2    Chen, G.3    Wang, L.4    Feng, Y.5    Wang, X.6
  • 53
    • 36148938725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postischemic administration of z-ligustilide ameliorates cognitive dysfunction and brain damage induced by permanent forebrain ischemia in rats
    • Kuang X, Du JR, Liu YX, Zhang GY, Peng HY. Postischemic administration of z-ligustilide ameliorates cognitive dysfunction and brain damage induced by permanent forebrain ischemia in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2008; 88: 213-21.
    • (2008) Pharmacol Biochem Behav , vol.88 , pp. 213-221
    • Kuang, X.1    Du, J.R.2    Liu, Y.X.3    Zhang, G.Y.4    Peng, H.Y.5
  • 54
    • 33846641320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of s100 protein and protective effect of arundic acid on the rat brain in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion
    • Ohtani R, Tomimoto H, Wakita H, Kitaguchi H, Nakaji K, Takahashi R. Expression of s100 protein and protective effect of arundic acid on the rat brain in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Brain Res 2007; 1135: 195-200.
    • (2007) Brain Res , vol.1135 , pp. 195-200
    • Ohtani, R.1    Tomimoto, H.2    Wakita, H.3    Kitaguchi, H.4    Nakaji, K.5    Takahashi, R.6
  • 55
    • 33745153095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cilostazol protects against brain white matter damage and cognitive impairment in a rat model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion
    • Watanabe T, Zhang N, Liu M, Tanaka R, Mizuno Y, Urabe T. Cilostazol protects against brain white matter damage and cognitive impairment in a rat model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Stroke 2006; 37: 1539-45.
    • (2006) Stroke , vol.37 , pp. 1539-1545
    • Watanabe, T.1    Zhang, N.2    Liu, M.3    Tanaka, R.4    Mizuno, Y.5    Urabe, T.6
  • 56
    • 33746254939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minocycline attenuates hypoxia-ischemia-induced neurological dysfunction and brain injury in the juvenile rat
    • Fan LW, Lin S, Pang Y, Rhodes PG, Cai Z. Minocycline attenuates hypoxia-ischemia-induced neurological dysfunction and brain injury in the juvenile rat. Eur J Neurosci 2006; 24: 341-50.
    • (2006) Eur J Neurosci , vol.24 , pp. 341-350
    • Fan, L.W.1    Lin, S.2    Pang, Y.3    Rhodes, P.G.4    Cai, Z.5
  • 59
    • 0033818719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cognitive correlates of white matter abnormalities in normal aging: A quantitative review
    • Gunning-Dixon FM, Raz N. The cognitive correlates of white matter abnormalities in normal aging: a quantitative review. Neuropsychology 2000; 14: 224-32.
    • (2000) Neuropsychology , vol.14 , pp. 224-232
    • Gunning-Dixon, F.M.1    Raz, N.2
  • 61
    • 2542539224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • White matter hyperintensities are associated with impairment of memory, attention, and global cognitive performance in older stroke patients
    • Burton EJ, Kenny RA, O'Brien J, Stephens S, Bradbury M, Rowan E, et al. White matter hyperintensities are associated with impairment of memory, attention, and global cognitive performance in older stroke patients. Stroke 2004; 35: 1270-5.
    • (2004) Stroke , vol.35 , pp. 1270-1275
    • Burton, E.J.1    Kenny, R.A.2    O'Brien, J.3    Stephens, S.4    Bradbury, M.5    Rowan, E.6
  • 62
    • 0035899159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cambios en la sustancia blanca y rendimiento cognitivo en el envejecimiento.
    • Bartres-Faz D, Clemente IC, Junqué C. Cambios en la sustancia blanca y rendimiento cognitivo en el envejecimiento. Rev Neurol 2001; 33: 347-53.
    • (2001) Rev Neurol , vol.33 , pp. 347-353
    • Bartres-Faz, D.1    Clemente, I.C.2    Junqué, C.3
  • 64
    • 3242773654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • White matter lesions impair frontal lobe function regardless of their location
    • Tullberg M, Fletcher E, DeCarli C, Mungas D, Reed BR, Harvey DJ, et al. White matter lesions impair frontal lobe function regardless of their location. Neurology 2004; 63: 246-53.
    • (2004) Neurology , vol.63 , pp. 246-253
    • Tullberg, M.1    Fletcher, E.2    DeCarli, C.3    Mungas, D.4    Reed, B.R.5    Harvey, D.J.6
  • 65
    • 3242752879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of white matter changes on cognitive impairment in patients with lacunar infarcts
    • Wen HM, Mok VC, Fan YH, Lam WW, Tang WK, Wong A, et al. Effect of white matter changes on cognitive impairment in patients with lacunar infarcts. Stroke 2004; 35: 1826-30.
    • (2004) Stroke , vol.35 , pp. 1826-1830
    • Wen, H.M.1    Mok, V.C.2    Fan, Y.H.3    Lam, W.W.4    Tang, W.K.5    Wong, A.6
  • 67
    • 32944475747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of white matter hyperintensity volume with decreased cognitive functioning: The Framingham heart study
    • Au R, Massaro JM, Wolf PA, Young ME, Beiser A, Seshadri S, et al. Association of white matter hyperintensity volume with decreased cognitive functioning: the Framingham heart study. Arch Neurol 2006; 63: 246-50.
    • (2006) Arch Neurol , vol.63 , pp. 246-250
    • Au, R.1    Massaro, J.M.2    Wolf, P.A.3    Young, M.E.4    Beiser, A.5    Seshadri, S.6
  • 68
    • 34548102970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive performance after lacunar stroke correlates with leukoaraiosis severity
    • McMurtray AM, Liao A, Haider J, Licht E, Méndez MF. Cognitive performance after lacunar stroke correlates with leukoaraiosis severity. Cerebrovasc Dis 2007; 24: 271-6.
    • (2007) Cerebrovasc Dis , vol.24 , pp. 271-276
    • McMurtray, A.M.1    Liao, A.2    Haider, J.3    Licht, E.4    Méndez, M.F.5
  • 69
    • 0034823134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leaper SA, Murray AD, Lemmon HA, Staff RT, Deary IJ, Crawford JR, et al. Neuropsychologic correlates of brain white matter lesions depicted on MR images: 1921 Aberdeen birth cohort. Radiology 2001; 221: 51-5.
    • Leaper SA, Murray AD, Lemmon HA, Staff RT, Deary IJ, Crawford JR, et al. Neuropsychologic correlates of brain white matter lesions depicted on MR images: 1921 Aberdeen birth cohort. Radiology 2001; 221: 51-5.
  • 71
    • 33748655000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of a neuropsychological battery for the leukoaraiosis and disability in the elderly study (LADIS): Experience and baseline data
    • Madureira S, Verdelho A, Ferro J, Basile AM, Chabriat H, Erkinjuntti T, et al. Development of a neuropsychological battery for the leukoaraiosis and disability in the elderly study (LADIS): experience and baseline data. Neuroepidemiology 2006; 27: 101-16.
    • (2006) Neuroepidemiology , vol.27 , pp. 101-116
    • Madureira, S.1    Verdelho, A.2    Ferro, J.3    Basile, A.M.4    Chabriat, H.5    Erkinjuntti, T.6
  • 72
    • 0035132684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of cerebral white matter lesions in elderly people: A population based magnetic resonance imaging study. The Rotterdam scan study
    • De Leeuw FE, De Groot JC, Achten E, Oudkerk M, Ramos LM, Heijboer R, et al. Prevalence of cerebral white matter lesions in elderly people: a population based magnetic resonance imaging study. The Rotterdam scan study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2001; 70: 9-14.
    • (2001) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.70 , pp. 9-14
    • De Leeuw, F.E.1    De Groot, J.C.2    Achten, E.3    Oudkerk, M.4    Ramos, L.M.5    Heijboer, R.6
  • 73
    • 33748352752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National institute of neurological disorders and stroke -Canadian stroke network vascular cognitive impairment harmonization standards
    • Hachinski V, Iadecola C, Petersen RC, Breteler MM, Nyenhuis DL, Black SE, et al. National institute of neurological disorders and stroke -Canadian stroke network vascular cognitive impairment harmonization standards. Stroke 2006; 37: 2220-41.
    • (2006) Stroke , vol.37 , pp. 2220-2241
    • Hachinski, V.1    Iadecola, C.2    Petersen, R.C.3    Breteler, M.M.4    Nyenhuis, D.L.5    Black, S.E.6
  • 74
    • 0034986196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new rating scale for age-related white matter changes applicable to MRI and CT
    • Wahlund LO, Barkhof F, Fazekas F, Bronge L, Augustin M, Sjogren M, et al. A new rating scale for age-related white matter changes applicable to MRI and CT. Stroke 2001; 32: 1318-22.
    • (2001) Stroke , vol.32 , pp. 1318-1322
    • Wahlund, L.O.1    Barkhof, F.2    Fazekas, F.3    Bronge, L.4    Augustin, M.5    Sjogren, M.6
  • 76
    • 20444364810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leukoaraiosis: The brain under pressure -target for treatment?
    • Hill MD, Bisognano JD. Leukoaraiosis: the brain under pressure -target for treatment? Neurology 2005; 64: 1832-3.
    • (2005) Neurology , vol.64 , pp. 1832-1833
    • Hill, M.D.1    Bisognano, J.D.2
  • 77
    • 0037078312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prevention of dementia with antihypertensive treatment: New evidence from the Systolic Hypertension in Europe (SYST-EUR) study
    • Forette F, Seux ML, Staessen JA, Thijs L, Babarskiene MR, Babeanu S, et al. The prevention of dementia with antihypertensive treatment: new evidence from the Systolic Hypertension in Europe (SYST-EUR) study. Arch Intern Med 2002; 162: 2046-52.
    • (2002) Arch Intern Med , vol.162 , pp. 2046-2052
    • Forette, F.1    Seux, M.L.2    Staessen, J.A.3    Thijs, L.4    Babarskiene, M.R.5    Babeanu, S.6
  • 78
    • 0032564132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of dementia in randomised double-blind placebo-controlled systolic hypertension in Europe (SYST-EUR) trial
    • Forette F, Seux ML, Staessen JA, Thijs L, Birkenhager WH, Babarskiene MR, et al. Prevention of dementia in randomised double-blind placebo-controlled systolic hypertension in Europe (SYST-EUR) trial. Lancet 1998; 352: 1347-51.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.352 , pp. 1347-1351
    • Forette, F.1    Seux, M.L.2    Staessen, J.A.3    Thijs, L.4    Birkenhager, W.H.5    Babarskiene, M.R.6
  • 79
    • 14844323654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of nimodipine in subcortical vascular dementia: A randomized placebo-controlled trial
    • Pantoni L, Del Ser T, Soglian AG, Amigoni S, Spadari G, Binelli D, et al. Efficacy and safety of nimodipine in subcortical vascular dementia: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Stroke 2005; 36: 619-24.
    • (2005) Stroke , vol.36 , pp. 619-624
    • Pantoni, L.1    Del Ser, T.2    Soglian, A.G.3    Amigoni, S.4    Spadari, G.5    Binelli, D.6
  • 80
    • 0034655901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of nimodipine in subcortical vascular dementia: A subgroup analysis of the Scandinavian multi-infarct dementia trial
    • Pantoni L, Rossi R, Inzitari D, Bianchi C, Beneke M, Erkinjuntti T, et al. Efficacy and safety of nimodipine in subcortical vascular dementia: a subgroup analysis of the Scandinavian multi-infarct dementia trial. J Neurol Sci 2000; 175: 124-34.
    • (2000) J Neurol Sci , vol.175 , pp. 124-134
    • Pantoni, L.1    Rossi, R.2    Inzitari, D.3    Bianchi, C.4    Beneke, M.5    Erkinjuntti, T.6
  • 81
    • 0033064874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ensayo clínico experimental, doblemente ciego, aleatorizado, controlado con placebo, del efecto de nicardipino en la función cognitiva en pacientes afectos de demencia vascular.
    • Grupo Español de Estudio de Nicardipino en Demencia Vascular
    • Grupo Español de Estudio de Nicardipino en Demencia Vascular. Ensayo clínico experimental, doblemente ciego, aleatorizado, controlado con placebo, del efecto de nicardipino en la función cognitiva en pacientes afectos de demencia vascular. Rev Neurol 1999; 28: 835-45.
    • (1999) Rev Neurol , vol.28 , pp. 835-845
  • 82
    • 84921431963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytidinediphosphocholine (CDP choline) for cognitive and behavioural disturbances associated with chronic cerebral disorders in the elderly
    • CD000269
    • Fioravanti M, Yanagi M. Cytidinediphosphocholine (CDP choline) for cognitive and behavioural disturbances associated with chronic cerebral disorders in the elderly. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000: CD000269.
    • (2000) Cochrane Database Syst Rev
    • Fioravanti, M.1    Yanagi, M.2
  • 83
    • 34249803604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholinergic precursors in the treatment of cognitive impairment of vascular origin: Ineffective approaches or need for re-evaluation?
    • Parnetti L, Mignini F, Tomassoni D, Traini E, Amenta F. Cholinergic precursors in the treatment of cognitive impairment of vascular origin: ineffective approaches or need for re-evaluation? J Neurol Sci 2007; 257: 264-9.
    • (2007) J Neurol Sci , vol.257 , pp. 264-269
    • Parnetti, L.1    Mignini, F.2    Tomassoni, D.3    Traini, E.4    Amenta, F.5
  • 84
    • 0024371148 scopus 로고
    • Randomized clinical trial of daily aspirin therapy in multi-infarct dementia. A pilot study
    • Meyer JS, Rogers RL, McClintic K, Mortel KF, Lotfi J. Randomized clinical trial of daily aspirin therapy in multi-infarct dementia. A pilot study. J Am Geriatr Soc 1989; 37: 549-55.
    • (1989) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.37 , pp. 549-555
    • Meyer, J.S.1    Rogers, R.L.2    McClintic, K.3    Mortel, K.F.4    Lotfi, J.5
  • 85
    • 17444384909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treating dementia patients with vascular lesions with donepezil: A preliminary analysis
    • Thomas DA, Libon DJ, Ledakis GE. Treating dementia patients with vascular lesions with donepezil: a preliminary analysis. Appl Neuropsychol 2005; 12: 12-8.
    • (2005) Appl Neuropsychol , vol.12 , pp. 12-18
    • Thomas, D.A.1    Libon, D.J.2    Ledakis, G.E.3
  • 86
    • 34347380706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Executive dyscontrol in dementia, with emphasis on subcortical pathology and the role of butyrylcholinesterase
    • Bullock R, Lane R. Executive dyscontrol in dementia, with emphasis on subcortical pathology and the role of butyrylcholinesterase. Curr Alzheimer Res 2007; 4: 277-93.
    • (2007) Curr Alzheimer Res , vol.4 , pp. 277-293
    • Bullock, R.1    Lane, R.2
  • 88
    • 0038354968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An open-label extension trial of galantamine in patients with probable vascular dementia and mixed dementia
    • Erkinjuntti T, Kurz A, Small GW, Bullock R, Lilienfeld S, Damaraju CV. An open-label extension trial of galantamine in patients with probable vascular dementia and mixed dementia. Clin Ther 2003; 25: 1765-82.
    • (2003) Clin Ther , vol.25 , pp. 1765-1782
    • Erkinjuntti, T.1    Kurz, A.2    Small, G.W.3    Bullock, R.4    Lilienfeld, S.5    Damaraju, C.V.6
  • 89
    • 33645525966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Galantamine for vascular cognitive impairment
    • CD004746
    • Craig D, Birks J. Galantamine for vascular cognitive impairment. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006: CD004746.
    • (2006) Cochrane Database Syst Rev
    • Craig, D.1    Birks, J.2
  • 90
    • 34547787131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and adverse effects of cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine in vascular dementia: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
    • Kavirajan H, Schneider LS. Efficacy and adverse effects of cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine in vascular dementia: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Lancet Neurol 2007; 6: 782-92.
    • (2007) Lancet Neurol , vol.6 , pp. 782-792
    • Kavirajan, H.1    Schneider, L.S.2
  • 91
    • 0033202701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacologic rationale for memantine in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, especially vascular dementia
    • Mobius HJ. Pharmacologic rationale for memantine in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, especially vascular dementia. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 1999; 13 (Suppl 3): S172-8.
    • (1999) Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord , vol.13 , Issue.SUPPL. 3
    • Mobius, H.J.1
  • 92
    • 18344411377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Memantine in vascular dementia
    • Mobius HJ, Stoffler A. Memantine in vascular dementia. Int Psychogeriatr 2003; 15 (Suppl 1): 207-13.
    • (2003) Int Psychogeriatr , vol.15 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 207-213
    • Mobius, H.J.1    Stoffler, A.2
  • 93
    • 33750095167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotección con memantina (antagonista no competitivo del receptor NMDA-glutamato) frente a la excitotoxicidad asociada al glutamato en la enfermedad de Alzheimer y en la demencia vascular.
    • Tanovic A, Alfaro V. Neuroprotección con memantina (antagonista no competitivo del receptor NMDA-glutamato) frente a la excitotoxicidad asociada al glutamato en la enfermedad de Alzheimer y en la demencia vascular. Rev Neurol 2006; 42: 607-16.
    • (2006) Rev Neurol , vol.42 , pp. 607-616
    • Tanovic, A.1    Alfaro, V.2
  • 94
    • 33745428903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acción de la memantina sobre la alteración cognitiva del paciente con demencia: Reflexiones tras dos años de experiencia en España.
    • Robles-Bayón A. Acción de la memantina sobre la alteración cognitiva del paciente con demencia: reflexiones tras dos años de experiencia en España. Rev Neurol 2006; 42: 288-96.
    • (2006) Rev Neurol , vol.42 , pp. 288-296
    • Robles-Bayón, A.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.