Withdrawal symptoms as a predictor of mortality in patients HIV-infected through drug use and receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

Volumn 99, Issue 1-3, 2009, Pages 96-104

  Michel, Laurent ^a,b,c   Giorgi, Roch ^d   Villes, Virginie ^a,d,e   Poizot Martin, Isabelle ^f   Dellamonica, Pierre ^g   Spire, Bruno ^a,d,e   Protopopescu, Camelia ^a,d,e   Carrieri, M Patrizia ^a,d,e  

^a INSERM   (France)

^b UNIVERSITÉ PARIS SACLAY   (France)

^c Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor   (France)

^d AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITY   (France)

^e OBSERVATOIRE RÉGIONAL DE LA SANTÉ PROVENCE ALPES CÔTE D AZUR   (France)

^f HÔPITAL SAINTE MARGUERITE   (France)

^g CENTRE HOSPITALIER UNIVERSITAIRE DE NICE   (France)

Author keywords

Antiretroviral treatment; Drug users; HIV; Mortality; Opioid substitution treatment; Survival; Withdrawal

Indexed keywords

ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT; OPIATE;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CAUSE OF DEATH; DRUG DETOXIFICATION; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTED PATIENT; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; INTRAVENOUS DRUG ABUSE; LIFE EVENT; LIVER DISEASE; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORTALITY; OPIATE ADDICTION; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; UNSPECIFIED SIDE EFFECT; VIRUS LOAD; WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME;

EID: 57049100318     PISSN: 03768716     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.07.007     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. Arnaout R.A., Lloyd A.L., O'Brien T.R., Goedert J.J., Leonard J.M., and Nowak M.A. A simple relationship between viral load and survival time in HIV-1 infection. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96 (1999) 11549-11553
2. Benhamou Y., Bochet M., Di Martino V., Charlotte F., Azria F., Coutellier A., Vidaud M., Bricaire F., Opolon P., Katlama C., and Poynard T. Liver fibrosis progression in human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus coinfected patients. The Multivirc Group. Hepatology 30 (1999) 1054-1058
3. Best D., Gossop M., Man L.-H., Finch E., Greenwood J., and Strang J. Accidental and deliberate overdose among opiate addicts in methadone maintenance treatment: are deliberate overdoses systematically different?. Drug and Alcohol Review 19 (2000) 213-216
4. Bica I., McGovern B., Dhar R., Stone D., McGowan K., Scheib R., and Snydman D.R. Increasing mortality due to end-stage liver disease in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Clin. Infect. Dis. 32 (2001) 492-497
5. Bouhnik A.D., Carrieri M.P., Rey D., Spire B., Gastaut J.A., Gallais H., and Obadia Y. Drug injection cessation among HIV-infected injecting drug users. Addict. Behav. 29 (2004) 1189-1197
6. Bouhnik A.D., Preau M., Vincent E., Carrieri M.P., Gallais H., Lepeu G., Gastaut J.A., Moatti J.P., and Spire B. Depression and clinical progression in HIV-infected drug users treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy. Antivir. Ther. 10 (2005) 53-61
7. Brugal M.T., Domingo-Salvany A., Puig R., Barrio G., Garcia de Olalla P., and de la Fuente L. Evaluating the impact of methadone maintenance programmes on mortality due to overdose and aids in a cohort of heroin users in Spain. Addiction 100 (2005) 981-989
8. Carrieri M.P., Amass L., Lucas G.M., Vlahov D., Wodak A., and Woody G.E. Buprenorphine use: the international experience. Clin. Infect. Dis. 43 Suppl. 4 (2006) S197-215
9. Carrieri M.P., Moatti J.P., Vlahov D., Obadia Y., Reynaud-Maurupt C., and Chesney M. Access to antiretroviral treatment among French HIV infected injection drug users: the influence of continued drug use. MANIF 2000 Study Group. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 53 (1999) 4-8
10. Carrieri M.P., Rey D., Loundou A., Lepeu G., Sobel A., and Obadia Y. Evaluation of buprenorphine maintenance treatment in a French cohort of HIV-infected injecting drug users. Drug Alcohol Depend. 72 (2003) 13-21
11. Carrieri P., Cailleton V., Le Moing V., Spire B., Dellamonica P., Bouvet E., Raffi F., Journot V., and Moatti J.P. The dynamic of adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy: results from the French National APROCO Cohort. J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 28 (2001) 232-239
12. Coffin P.O., Tracy M., Bucciarelli A., Ompad D., Vlahov D., and Galea S. Identifying injection drug users at risk of nonfatal overdose. Acad. Emerg. Med. 14 (2007) 616-623
13. Copeland L., Budd J., Robertson J.R., and Elton R.A. Changing patterns in causes of death in a cohort of injecting drug users 1980-2001. Arch. Int. Med. 164 (2004) 1214-1220
14. Darke S. Self-report among injecting drug users: a review. Drug Alcohol Depend. 51 (1998) 253-263 discussion 267-258
15. Darke S., and Ross J. The relationship between suicide and heroin overdose among methadone maintenance patients in Sydney, Australia. Addiction 96 (2001) 1443-1453
16. Darke S., Hall W., Kaye S., Ross J., and Duflou J. Hair morphine concentrations of fatal heroin overdose cases and living heroin users. Addiction 97 (2002) 977-984
17. Degenhardt L., Hall W., and Warner-Smith M. Using cohort studies to estimate mortality among injecting drug users that is not attributable to AIDS. Sex Transm. Infect. 82 Suppl. 3 (2006) iii56-iii63
18. Di Martino V., Rufat P., Boyer N., Renard P., Degos F., Martinot-Peignoux M., Matheron S., Le Moing V., Vachon F., Degott C., Valla D., and Marcellin P. The influence of human immunodeficiency virus coinfection on chronic hepatitis C in injection drug users: a long-term retrospective cohort study. Hepatology 34 (2001) 1193-1199
19. Dolan K.A., Shearer J., White B., Zhou J., Kaldor J., and Wodak A.D. Four-year follow-up of imprisoned male heroin users and methadone treatment: mortality, re-incarceration and hepatitis C infection. Addiction 100 (2005) 820-828
20. Druid H., Strandberg J.J., Alkass K., Nystrom I., Kugelberg F.C., and Kronstrand R. Evaluation of the role of abstinence in heroin overdose deaths using segmental hair analysis. Forensic Sci. Int. 168 (2007) 223-226
21. Duran S., Spire B., Raffi F., Walter V., Bouhour D., Journot V., Cailleton V., Leport C., and Moatti J.P. Self-reported symptoms after initiation of a protease inhibitor in HIV-infected patients and their impact on adherence to HAART. HIV Clin. Trials 2 (2001) 38-45
22. Egger M., May M., Chene G., Phillips A.N., Ledergerber B., Dabis F., Costagliola D., D'Arminio Monforte A., de Wolf F., Reiss P., Lundgren J.D., Justice A.C., Staszewski S., Leport C., Hogg R.S., Sabin C.A., Gill M.J., Salzberger B., and Sterne J.A. Prognosis of HIV-1-infected patients starting highly active antiretroviral therapy: a collaborative analysis of prospective studies. Lancet 360 (2002) 119-129
23. Emmanuelli J., and Desenclos J.C. Harm reduction interventions, behaviours and associated health outcomes in France, 1996-2003. Addiction 100 (2005) 1690-1700
24. Fuhrer R., and Rouillon F. La version française de l'échelle CES-D. Description and translation of the autoevaluation scale. Psychiatr. Psychobiol. 4 (1989) 163-166 (in French)
25. Garcia-Samaniego J., Rodriguez M., Berenguer J., Rodriguez-Rosado R., Carbo J., Asensi V., and Soriano V. Hepatocellular carcinoma in HIV-infected patients with chronic hepatitis C. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 96 (2001) 179-183
26. Gossop M., Griffiths P., Powis B., Williamson S., and Strang J. Frequency of non-fatal heroin overdose: survey of heroin users recruited in non-clinical settings. Brit. Med. J. 313 (1996) 402
27. Graham C.S., Baden L.R., Yu E., Mrus J.M., Carnie J., Heeren T., and Koziel M.J. Influence of human immunodeficiency virus infection on the course of hepatitis C virus infection: a meta-analysis. Clin. Infect. Dis. 33 (2001) 562-569
28. Greenfield L., Bigelow G.E., and Brooner R.K. Validity of intravenous drug abusers' self-reported changes in HIV high-risk drug use behaviors. Drug Alcohol Depend. 39 (1995) 91-98
29. Grignon M., Perronnin M., and Lavis J.N. Does free complementary health insurance help the poor to access health care? Evidence from France. Health Econ. 17 (2007) 203-219
30. Hulse G.K., English D.R., Milne E., and Holman C.D. The quantification of mortality resulting from the regular use of illicit opiates. Addiction 94 (1999) 221-229
31. Justice A.C., Holmes W., Gifford A.L., Rabeneck L., Zackin R., Sinclair G., Weissman S., Neidig J., Marcus C., Chesney M., Cohn S.E., and Wu A.W. Development and validation of a self-completed HIV symptom index. J. Clin. Epidemiol. 54 Suppl1 (2001) S77-90
32. Langendam M.W., van Brussel G.H., Coutinho R.A., and van Ameijden E.J. The impact of harm-reduction-based methadone treatment on mortality among heroin users. Am. J. Public Health 91 (2001) 774-780
33. Latkin C.A., and Vlahov D. Socially desirable response tendency as a correlate of accuracy of self-reported HIV serostatus for HIV seropositive injection drug users. Addiction 93 (1998) 1191-1197
34. Leserman J., Pence B.W., Whetten K., Mugavero M.J., Thielman N.M., Swartz M.S., and Stangl D. Relation of lifetime trauma and depressive symptoms to mortality in HIV. Am J Psychiatry 164 (2007) 1707-1713
35. Leserman J., Petitto J.M., Gu H., Gaynes B.N., Barroso J., Golden R.N., Perkins D.O., Folds J.D., and Evans D.L. Progression to AIDS, a clinical AIDS condition and mortality: psychosocial and physiological predictors. Psychol Med 32 (2002) 1059-1073
36. Lewden C., Bonnet F., Bevilacqua S., Heripret L., May T., Morlat P., Jougla E., Dabis F., Chene G., and Salmon D. Causes of death in HIV-infected French drug users, 1995-2000. Ann. Med. Interne (Paris) 153 (2002) 2S4-10
37. Lucas G.M., Griswold M., Gebo K.A., Keruly J., Chaisson R.E., and Moore R.D. Illicit drug use and HIV-1 disease progression: a longitudinal study in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Am. J. Epidemiol. 163 (2006) 412-420
38. Lyketsos C.G., Hoover D.R., Guccione M., Senterfitt W., Dew M.A., Wesch J., VanRaden M.J., Treisman G.J., and Morgenstern H. Depressive symptoms as predictors of medical outcomes in HIV infection. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 270 (1993) 2563-2567
39. Mellors J.W., Rinaldo Jr. C.R., Gupta P., White R.M., Todd J.A., and Kingsley L.A. Prognosis in HIV-1 infection predicted by the quantity of virus in plasma. Science 272 (1996) 1167-1170
40. Messiah A., Loundou A.D., Maslin V., Lacarelle B., and Moatti J.P. Physician recognition of active drug use in HIV-infected patients is lower than validity of patient's self-reported drug use. J. Pain Symptom Manage. 21 (2001) 103-112
41. Miller C.L., Kerr T., Strathdee S.A., Li K., and Wood E. Factors associated with premature mortality among young injection drug users in Vancouver. Harm. Reduct. J. 4 (2007) 1
42. Moatti J.P., Carrieri M.P., Spire B., Gastaut J.A., Cassuto J.P., and Moreau J. Adherence to HAART in French HIV-infected injecting drug users: the contribution of buprenorphine drug maintenance treatment. The Manif 2000 study group. Aids 14 (2000) 151-155
43. Mocroft A., Brettle R., Kirk O., Blaxhult A., Parkin J.M., Antunes F., Francioli P., D'Arminio Monforte A., Fox Z., and Lundgren J.D. Changes in the cause of death among HIV positive subjects across Europe: results from the EuroSIDA study. Aids 16 (2002) 1663-1671
44. Moore R.D., Keruly J.C., and Chaisson R.E. Differences in HIV disease progression by injecting drug use in HIV-infected persons in care. J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 35 (2004) 46-51
45. Neira-Leon M., Barrio G., Brugal M.T., de la Fuente L., Ballesta R., Bravo M.J., Silva T.C., and Rodriguez-Martos A. Do young heroin users in Madrid Barcelona and Seville have sufficient knowledge of the risk factors for unintentional opioid overdose?. J. Urban Health 83 (2006) 477-496
46. Observatoire Français des Drogues et des Toxicomanies (OFDT). Évolution du nombre de décès par surdose (évolution depuis 1990). (accessed on 01.02.08).
47. Oliver P., and Keen J. Concomitant drugs of misuse and drug using behaviours associated with fatal opiate-related poisonings in Sheffield, UK, 1997-2000. Addiction 98 (2003) 191-197
48. Perucci C.A., Davoli M., Rapiti E., Abeni D.D., and Forastiere F. Mortality of intravenous drug users in Rome: a cohort study. Am. J. Public Health 81 (1991) 1307-1310
49. Pfab R., Eyer F., Jetzinger E., and Zilker T. Cause and motivation in cases of non-fatal drug overdoses in opiate addicts. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 44 (2006) 255-259
50. Preau M., Protopopescu C., Spire B., Sobel A., Dellamonica P., Moatti J.P., and Carrieri M.P. Health related quality of life among both current and former injection drug users who are HIV-infected. Drug Alcohol Depend. 86 (2007) 175-182
51. Radloff L. The CES-D scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Appl. Psychol. Meas. 3 (1977) 385-491
52. Romeo R., Rumi M.G., Donato M.F., Cargnel M.A., Vigano P., Mondelli M., Cesana B., and Colombo M. Hepatitis C is more severe in drug users with human immunodeficiency virus infection. J. Viral Hepat. 7 (2000) 297-301
53. Roux P., Villes V., Blanche J., Bry D., Spire B., Feroni I., and Carrieri M.P. Buprenorphine in primary care: risk factors for treatment injection and implications for clinical management. Drug Alcohol Depend 97 (2008) 105-113
54. Roy E., Haley N., Leclerc P., Sochanski B., Boudreau J.F., and Boivin J.F. Mortality in a cohort of street youth in Montreal. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 292 (2004) 569-574
55. Safren S.A., Radomsky A.S., Otto M.W., and Salomon E. Predictors of psychological well-being in a diverse sample of HIV-positive patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. Psychosomatics 43 (2002) 478-485
56. Sarason I., Johnson J., and Siegel J. Assessing the impact of life changes: development of the Life Experiences Survey. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 46 (1978) 932-946
57. Soyka M., Apelt S.M., Lieb M., and Wittchen H.U. One-year mortality rates of patients receiving methadone and buprenorphine maintenance therapy: a nationally representative cohort study in 2694 patients. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 26 (2006) 657-660
58. Sulkowski M.S., Thomas D.L., Chaisson R.E., and Moore R.D. Hepatotoxicity associated with antiretroviral therapy in adults infected with human immunodeficiency virus and the role of hepatitis C or B virus infection. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 283 (2000) 74-80
59. Sulkowski M.S., Thomas D.L., Mehta S.H., Chaisson R.E., and Moore R.D. Hepatotoxicity associated with nevirapine or efavirenz-containing antiretroviral therapy: role of hepatitis C and B infections. Hepatology 35 (2002) 182-189
60. Tagliaro F., De Battisti Z., Smith F.P., and Marigo M. Death from heroin overdose: findings from hair analysis. Lancet 351 (1998) 1923-1925
61. Thiblin I., Eksborg S., Petersson A., Fugelstad A., and Rajs J. Fatal intoxication as a consequence of intranasal administration (snorting) or pulmonary inhalation (smoking) of heroin. Forensic Sci. Int. 139 (2004) 241-247
62. Thirion X., Barrau K., Micallef J., Haramburu F., Lowenstein W., and Sanmarco J.L. Maintenance treatment for opioid dependence in care centers: the OPPIDUM program of the Evaluation and Information Centers for Drug Addiction. Ann. Med. Interne (Paris) 151 Suppl. A (2000) A10-17
63. Thirion X., Micallef J., Barrau K., Djezzar S., Lambert H., Sanmarco J.L., and Lagier G. Recent evolution in opiate dependence in France during generalisation of maintenance treatments. Drug Alcohol Depend. 61 (2001) 281-285
64. van Ameijden E.J., Langendam M.W., and Coutinho R.A. Dose-effect relationship between overdose mortality and prescribed methadone dosage in low-threshold maintenance programs. Addict. Behav. 24 (1999) 559-563
65. van Buuren S., Boshuizen H.C., and Knook D.L. Multiple imputation of missing blood pressure covariates in survival analysis. Stat. Med. 18 (1999) 681-694
66. Wewers M.D., Lemeshow S., Lehman A., Clanton T.L., and Diaz P.T. Lung CD4 lymphocytes predict survival in asymptomatic HIV infection. Chest 128 (2005) 2262-2267