Active and passive mechanisms of intracellular transport and localization in bacteria

Current Opinion in Microbiology

Volumn 11, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 580-585

  Mignot, Tâm ^a   Shaevitz, Joshua W ^b  

^a AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITÉ   (France)

^b PRINCETON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACTIN; MEMBRANE PROTEIN;

ACTIVE TRANSPORT; BACILLUS SUBTILIS; CAULOBACTER CRESCENTUS; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL DIVISION; CELL FUNCTION; CELL GROWTH; CELL MEMBRANE; CELL METABOLISM; CELL MOTILITY; CELL POLARITY; CELL SHAPE; CELLULAR DISTRIBUTION; CYTOPLASM; DEPOLYMERIZATION; DIFFUSION; ESCHERICHIA COLI; INTRACELLULAR TRANSPORT; MOLECULAR MECHANICS; MYXOCOCCUS XANTHUS; NONHUMAN; PASSIVE TRANSPORT; PHASE SEPARATION; PROTEIN LOCALIZATION; REVIEW;

BACTERIA; BACTERIAL PROTEINS; PROTEIN TRANSPORT;

EID: 56949095495     PISSN: 13695274     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2008.10.005     Document Type: Review

References (47)

1. Gitai Z., Dye N., and Shapiro L. An actin-like gene can determine cell polarity in bacteria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101 (2004) 8643-8648
2. Jones L.J., Carballido-Lopez R., and Errington J. Control of cell shape in bacteria: helical, actin-like filaments in Bacillus subtilis. Cell 104 (2001) 913-922
3. Komeili A., Li Z., Newman D.K., and Jensen G.J. Magnetosomes are cell membrane invaginations organized by the actin-like protein MamK. Science 311 (2006) 242-245
4. Kruse T.A., Blagoev B., Lobner-Olesen A., Wachi M., Sasaki K., Iwai N., Mann M., and Gerdes K. Actin homolog MreB and RNA polymerase interact and are both required for chromosome segregation in Escherichia coli. Genes Dev 20 (2006) 113-124
5. Straight P.D., Fischbach M.A., Walsh C.T., Rudner D.Z., and Kolter R. A singular enzymatic megacomplex from Bacillus subtilis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104 (2007) 305-310
6. Elowitz M.B., Surette M.G., Wolf P.E., Stock J.B., and Leibler S. Protein mobility in the cytoplasm of Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 181 (1999) 197-203
7. Halford S.E., and Marko J.F. How do site-specific DNA-binding proteins find their targets?. Nucleic Acids Res 32 (2004) 3040
8. Müller D.J., Engel A., Matthey U., Meier T., Dimroth P., and Suda K. Observing membrane protein diffusion at subnanometer resolution. J Mol Biol 327 (2003) 925-930
9. Mullineaux C.W., Nenninger A., Ray N., and Robinson C. Diffusion of green fluorescent protein in three cell environments in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 188 (2006) 3442-3448
10. Oddershede L., Flyvbjerg H., and Berg-Sørensen K. Diffusion of-receptor: improved analysis. J Phys Condens Matter 15 (2003) S1737
11. Deich J., Judd E.M., McAdams H.H., and Moerner W.E. Visualization of the movement of single histidine kinase molecules in live Caulobacter cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101 (2004) 15921-15926
12. Rudner D.Z., Pan Q., and Losick R.M. Evidence that subcellular localization of a bacterial membrane protein is achieved by diffusion and capture. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99 (2002) 8701-8706
13. Gerdes K., Møller-Jensen J., Ebersbach G., Kruse T., and Nordström K. Bacterial mitotic machineries. Cell 116 (2004) 359-366
14. Thanbichler M., and Shapiro L. Chromosome organization and segregation in bacteria. J Struct Biol 156 (2006) 292-303
15. Thanbichler M., and Shapiro L. Getting organized - how bacterial cells move proteins and DNA. Nat Rev Microbiol 6 (2008) 28-40
16. Bartosik A.A., Lasocki K., Mierzejewska J., Thomas C.M., and Jagura-Burdzy G. ParB of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: interactions with its partner ParA and its target parS and specific effects on bacterial growth. J Bacteriol 186 (2004) 6983-6998
17. Easter J., and Gober J.W. ParB-stimulated nucleotide exchange regulates a switch in functionally distinct ParA activities. Mol Cell 10 (2002) 427-434
18. Ebersbach G., and Gerdes K. Bacterial mitosis: partitioning protein ParA oscillates in spiral-shaped structures and positions plasmids at mid-cell. Mol Microbiol 52 (2004) 385-398
19. Ebersbach G., Ringgaard S., Møller-Jensen J., Wang Q., Sherratt D.J., and Gerdes K. Regular cellular distribution of plasmids by oscillating and filament-forming ParA ATPase of plasmid pB171. Mol Microbiol 61 (2006) 1428-1442
20. Fogel M.A., and Waldor M.K. A dynamic, mitotic-like mechanism for bacterial chromosome segregation. Genes Dev 20 (2006) 3269-3282. This study provides evidence that after replication the origins of the Vibrio cholerae chromosome I are separated and driven to the poles by a dynamic retracting ParA filament.
21. Lim G.E., Derman A.I., and Pogliano J. Bacterial DNA segregation by dynamic SopA polymers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102 (2005) 17658
22. Dye N.A., and Shapiro L. The push and pull of the bacterial cytoskeleton. Trends Cell Biol 17 (2007) 239-245
23. Westermann S., Avila-Sakar A., Wang H.W., Niederstrasser H., Wong J., Drubin D.G., Nogales E., and Barnes G. Formation of a dynamic kinetochore-microtubule interface through assembly of the Dam1 ring complex. Mol Cell 17 (2005) 277-290
24. Gitai Z.A., Dye N., Reisenauer A., Wachi M., and Shapiro L. MreB actin-mediated segregation of a specific region of a bacterial chromosome. Cell 120 (2005) 329-341
25. Kruse T.A., Moller-Jensen J., Lobner-Olesen A., and Gerdes K. Dysfunctional MreB inhibits chromosome segregation in Escherichia coli. EMBO J 22 (2003) 5283-5292
26. Soufo H.J., and Graumann P.L. Actin-like proteins MreB and Mbl from Bacillus subtilis are required for bipolar positioning of replication origins. Curr Biol 13 (2003) 1916-1920
27. Kim S.A., Gitai Z.A., Kinkhabwala A., Shapiro L., and Moerner W. Single molecules of the bacterial actin MreB undergo directed treadmilling motion in Caulobacter crescentus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103 (2006) 10929-10934. In this study the authors track single MreB-YFP molecules to show that MreB subunits treadmill in a filament in vivo. The results also suggest that the MreB cytoskeleton is not continuous and shows multiple orientations in Caulobacter cells.
28. Allard J.F., and Rutenberg A.D. Steady-state helices of the actin homolog MreB inside bacteria: dynamics without motors. Phys Rev E 76 (2007) 031916
29. Ebersbach G., and Jacobs-Wagner C. Exploration into the spatial and temporal mechanisms of bacterial polarity. Trends Microbiol 15 (2007) 101-108
30. Shapiro L., McAdams H.H., and Losick R. Generating and exploiting polarity in bacteria. Science 298 (2002) 1942-1946
31. Matsumoto K., Kusaka J., Nishibori A., and Hara H. Lipid domains in bacterial membranes. Mol Microbiol 61 (2006) 1110-1117
32. Mileykovskaya E. Subcellular localization of Escherichia coli osmosensory transporter ProP: focus on cardiolipin membrane domains. Mol Microbiol 64 (2007) 1419-1422
33. Romantsov T., Helbig S., Culham D.E., Gill C., Stalker L., and Wood J.M. Cardiolipin promotes polar localization of osmosensory transporter ProP in Escherichia coli. Mol Microbiol 64 (2007) 1455-1465
34. Romantsov T., Stalker L., Culham D.E., and Wood J.M. Cardiolipin controls the osmotic stress response and the subcellular location of transporter ProP in Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 283 (2008) 12314-12323
35. Huang K.C., Mukhopadhyay R., and Wingreen N.S. A curvature-mediated mechanism for localization of lipids to bacterial poles. PLoS Comput Biol 2 (2006) e151. This study presents a physical model of polar lipid localization and clustering purely because of membrane curvature and lipid-lipid interactions.
36. Mukhopadhyay R., Huang K.C., and Wingreen N.S. Lipid localization in bacterial cells through curvature-mediated microphase separation. Biophys J 95 (2008) 1034-1049
37. ••].
38. Lam H., Schofield W.B., and Jacobs-Wagner C. A landmark protein essential for establishing and perpetuating the polarity of a bacterial cell. Cell 124 (2006) 1011-1023. Both these studies identify TipN as a reference point to define the new pole after cell division in Caulobacter. A tipN mutant fails to localize several proteins at the new pole after cytokinesis. During cell division, TipN relocalizes to the division septum in an FtsZ-dependent manner suggesting that TipN defines the polarity axis.
39. Vats P., and Rothfield L. Duplication and segregation of the actin (MreB) cytoskeleton during the prokaryotic cell cycle. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104 (2007) 17795-17800. This paper proposes that MreB rings forming at the septum before cell division ensure that the cytoskeleton is properly segregated in each daughter cell, providing an explanation of septal MreB rings observed in bacteria such as Caulobacter and E. coli.
40. Nilsen T., Yan A.W., Gale G., and Goldberg M.B. Presence of multiple sites containing polar material in spherical Escherichia coli cells that lack MreB. J Bacteriol 187 (2005) 6187-6196
41. Raskin D.M., and de Boer P.A. Rapid pole-to-pole oscillation of a protein required for directing division to the middle of Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96 (1999) 4971-4976
42. Lutkenhaus J. Assembly dynamics of the bacterial MinCDE system and spatial regulation of the Z ring. Annu Rev Biochem 76 (2007) 539-562
43. Shih Y.L., Le T., and Rothfield L. Division site selection in Escherichia coli involves dynamic redistribution of Min proteins within coiled structures that extend between the two cell poles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100 (2003) 7865-7870
44. Blackhart B.D., and Zusman D.R. "Frizzy" genes of Myxococcus xanthus are involved in control of frequency of reversal of gliding motility. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 82 (1985) 8767-8770
45. Leonardy S., Freymark G., Hebener S., Ellehauge E., and Søgaard-Andersen L. Coupling of protein localization and cell movements by a dynamically localized response regulator in Myxococcus xanthus. EMBO J 26 (2007) 4433-4444. This study shows that during Myxococcus reversals motility proteins oscillate synchronously and oppositely, suggesting that the leading and lagging poles are switched by regulated oscillations of pole-specific spatial regulators. Evidence is presented that a single chemosensory-like pathway regulates these dynamic behaviors.
46. Mignot T.A., Merlie J., and Zusman D.R. Regulated pole-to-pole oscillations of a bacterial gliding motility protein. Science 310 (2005) 855-857
47. Zusman D.R., Scott A.E., Yang Z., and Kirby J.R. Chemosensory pathways, motility and development in Myxococcus xanthus. Nat Rev Microbiol 5 (2007) 862-872