A Trait Conceptualization of Reward-Reactivity: Psychometric Properties of the Appetitive Motivation Scale (AMS)

Journal of Individual Differences

Volumn 29, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 168-180

  Cooper, Andrew J ^a   Smillie, Luke D ^a   Jackson, Chris J ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES   (Australia)

Author keywords

Appetitive Motivation Scale; BAS; Gray; item response theory; RST

Indexed keywords

EID: 56849084331     PISSN: 16140001     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001.29.3.168     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Arce E., and Santesteban C. Impulsivity: A review. Psicothema 18 (2006) 213-220
2. Baker F. The basics of item response theory (2001), ERIC University of Maryland, College Park, MD
3. Bentler P.M. Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin 107 (1990) 238-246
4. Bozarth M.A. The mesolimbic dopamine system as a model brain reward system. In: Willner P., and Scheel-Krüger J. (Eds). The mesolimbic dopamine system: From motivation to action (1991), Wiley, London 301-330
5. Browne M.W., and Cudeck R. Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In: Bollen K.A., and Long J.S. (Eds). Testing structural equation models (1993), Sage, Newbury Park, CA 136-162
6. Carver C.S. Negative affects deriving from the behavioral approach system. Emotion 4 (2004) 3-22
7. Carver C.S., and White T. Behavioral inhibition, behavioral activation, and affective responses to impending reward and punishment: The BIS/BAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 67 (1994) 319-333
8. Caseras X., Avila C., and Torrubia R. The measurement of individual differences in Behavioral Inhibition and Behavioral Activation Systems: A comparison of personality scales. Personality and Individual Differences 34 (2003) 999-1013
9. Cogswell A., Alloy L.B., van Dulmen M.H.M., and Fresco D.M. A psychometric evaluation of behavioral inhibition and approach self-report measures. Personality and Individual Differences 40 (2006) 1649-1658
10. Cooper A., Gomez R., and Aucote H. The Behavioral Inhibition System and Behavioral Approach System (BIS/BAS) Scales: Measurement and structural invariance across adults and adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences 43 (2007) 295-305
11. Corr P.J. Testing problems in J.A. Gray's personality theory: A commentary on Matthews and Gilliland (1999). Personality and Individual Differences 30 (2001) 333-352
12. Corr P.J. The Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of Personality (2008), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK
13. Curran P.J., West S.G., and Finch J.F. The robustness of test statistics to nonnormality and specification error in confirmatory factor analysis. Psychological Methods 1 (1996) 16-29
14. Dalley J.W., Fryer T.D., Brichard L., Robinson E.S., Theobald D.E., Lanne K., et al. Nucleus accumbens D2/3 receptors predict trait impulsivity and cocaine reinforcement. Science 315 (2007) 1267-1270
15. Depue R.A. Interpersonal behavior and the structure of personality. In: Canli T. (Ed). Biology of personality and individual differences (2006), Guildford, London 60-92
16. Depue R.A., and Collins P.F. Neurobiology of the structure of personality: Dopamine, facilitation of incentive motivation, and extraversion. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 22 (1999) 491-569
17. Dickman S.J. Functional and dysfunctional impulsivity: Personality and cognitive correlates. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 58 (1990) 95-102
18. Embretson S.E., and Reise S.P. Item response theory for psychologists (2000), Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ
19. Evenden J.L. Varieties of impulsivity. Psychopharmacology 146 (1999) 348-361
20. Eysenck H.J., and Eysenck S.B.G. The Eysenck Personality Scales (1991), Hodder & Stoughton, London
21. Eysenck S.B.G., Pearson P.R., Easting G., and Allsopp J.F. Age norms for impulsiveness, venturesomeness and empathy in adults. Personality and Individual Differences 6 (1985) 613-619
22. Gomez R., Cooper A., and Gomez A. An item response theory analysis of the Carver and White (1994) BIS/BAS scales. Personality & Individual Differences 39 6 (2005) 1093-1103
23. Gray J.A. The psychophysiological basis of introversion-extraversion. Behavior Research and Therapy 8 (1970) 249-266
24. Gray J.A. Causal models of personality and how to test them. In: Royce J.R. (Ed). Multivariate analysis and psychological theory (1973), Academic Press, London 409-463
25. Gray J.A. A critique of Eysenck's theory of personality. In: Eysenck H.J. (Ed). A model for personality (1981), Springer-Verlag, Berlin 246-276
26. Gray J.A. The neuropsychology of temperament. In: Strelau J., and Angleitner A. (Eds). Explorations in temperament: International perspectives on theory and measurement. Perspectives on individual differences (1991), Plenum, New York 105-128
27. Gray J.A., and McNaughton N. The neuropsychology of anxiety (2000), Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK
28. Gray J.A., Owen S., Davis N., and Tsaltas E. Psychological and physiological relations between anxiety and impulsivity. In: Zuckerman M. (Ed). The biological basis of sensation seeking, impulsivity and anxiety (1983), Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ 181-217
29. Horn J.L. A rationale and test for the number of factors in factor analysis. Psychometrika 30 (1965) 179-185
30. Hu L.T., and Bentler P.M. Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling 6 (1999) 1-55
31. Jackson C.J. An applied neuropsychological model of functional and dysfunctional learning: Applications for business, education, training, and clinical psychology (2005), Cymeon, Brisbane, Australia
32. Jackson, C.J. (in press). Measurement of functional and dysfunctional learning. In G. Boyle, G. Matthews, & D. Saklofske (Eds.), Handbook of personality and testing. New York: Sage.
33. Jackson C.J., and Smillie L.D. Appetitive motivation predicts the majority of personality and an ability measure: A comparison of BAS measures and a re-evaluation of the importance of RST. Personality and Individual Differences 36 (2004) 1627-1636
34. Lorenzo-Seva U., and Ferrando P.J. FACTOR: A program to fit the exploratory factor analysis model. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments and Computers 38 (2006) 88-91
35. Matthews G., and Gilliland K. The personality theories of H.J. Eysenck and J.A. Gray: A comparative review. Personality and Individual Differences 26 (1999) 583-626
36. Martin L.E., and Potts G.F. Reward sensitivity in impulsivity. Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuropsychology 15 (2004) 1519-1522
37. Muthen L.K., and Muthen B.O. MPlus 4.2 (2006), Muthen & Muthen, Los Angeles
38. O'Connor B.P. SPSS and SAS programs for determining the number of components using parallel analysis and Velicer's MAP test. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments and Computers 32 (2000) 396-402
39. O'Connor R.M., Colder C.R., and Hawk L.W.J. Confirmatory factor analysis of the Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire. Personality & Individual Differences 37 (2004) 985-1002
40. Olds J., and Olds M.E. Drives, rewards, and the brain. In: Newcombe T.M. (Ed). New directions in psychology (1965), Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York 327-410
41. Pickering A.D. The neuropsychology of impulsive antisocial sensation seeking personality traits: From dopamine to hippocampal function?. In: Stelmack R.M. (Ed). On the psychobiology of personality: Essays in honour of Marvin Zuckerman (2004), Elsevier, Amsterdam 455-478
42. Pickering A.D., Corr P.J., Powell J.H., Kumari V., Thornton J.C., and Gray J.A. Individual differences in reactions to reinforcing stimuli are neither black nor white: To what extent are they Gray?. In: Nyborg H. (Ed). The scientific study of human nature (1997), Pergamon/Elsevier, Amsterdam 36-67
43. Pickering A.D., and Gray J.A. The neuroscience of personality. In: Pervin L., and John O. (Eds). Handbook of personality. 2nd ed. (1999), Guilford, New York 277-299
44. Quilty L.C., and Oakman J.M. The assessment of behavioral activation - The relationship between impulsivity and behavior activation. Personality and Individual Differences 37 (2004) 429-442
45. Reise S.P., and Henson J.M. A discussion of modern versus traditional psychometrics as applied to personality assessment scales. Journal of Personality Assessment 81 (2003) 93-103
46. Reise S.P., Smith L., and Furr R.M. Invariance on the NEO PI-R neuroticism scale. Multivariate Behavioral Research 36 (2001) 83-110
47. Revelle W. The contribution of reinforcement sensitivity theory to personality theory. In: Corr P.J. (Ed). The reinforcement sensitivity theory of personality (2008), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK 508-527
48. Rocklin T., and Revelle W. The measurement of extraversion: A comparison of the Eysenck Personality Inventory and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. British Journal of Social Psychology 20 (1981) 279-284
49. Rubio V.J., Aguado D., Hontangas P.M., and Hernandez J.M. Psychometric properties of an emotional adjustment measure: An application of the graded response model. European Journal of Psychological Assessment 23 (2007) 39-46
50. Samejima F. Estimation of latent ability using a response pattern of graded scores. Psychometrika Monograph Supplement 34 4 (1969) 100
51. Smillie L.D., Dalgleish L.I., and Jackson C.J. Distinguishing between learning and motivation in behavioral tests of the reinforcement sensitivity theory of personality. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 33 (2007) 476-489
52. Smillie L.D., and Jackson C.J. The Appetitive Motivation Scale and other BAS measures in the prediction of approach and active avoidance. Personality and Individual Differences 38 (2005) 981-994
53. Smillie L.D., and Jackson C. Functional impulsivity and reinforcement sensitivity theory. Journal of Personality 74 (2006) 47-83
54. Smillie L.D., Jackson C.J., and Dalgleish L.I. Conceptual distinctions among Carver and White's (1994) BAS scales: A reward-reactivity versus trait impulsivity perspective. Personality and Individual Differences 40 (2006) 1039-1050
55. Smillie L.D., Pickering A.D., and Jackson C.J. The new reinforcement sensitivity theory: Implications for personality measurement. Personality and Social Psychology Review 10 (2006) 320-335
56. Steiger J.H. Structural model evaluation and modification. Multivariate Behavioral Research 25 (1990) 173-180
57. Steinberg L., and Thissen D. Item response theory in personality research. In: Shrout P.E., and Fiske S.T. (Eds). Personality research, methods, and theory: A festschrift honoring Donald W. Fiske (1995), Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ 161-181
58. Thissen D., Chen W.H., and Bock R.D. Multilog 7 (2003), Scientific Software International, Lincolnwood, IL
59. Torrubia R., Avila C., Molto J., and Caseras X. The Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire as a measure of Gray's anxiety and impulsivity dimensions. Personality and Individual Differences 31 (2001) 837-862
60. Velicer W.F. Determining the number of components from the matrix of partial correlations. Psychometrika 41 (1976) 321-327
61. Vigil-Colet A. Impulsivity and decision making in the balloon analog risk-taking task. Personality and Individual Differences 43 (2007) 37-46