메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 6, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 477-501

Revision of ring-gentians (Symbolanthus, Gentianaceae) from Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru, with a first assessment of conservation status

Author keywords

Adaptive radiation; Biodiversity; Endangered species; Morphology; Neotropics; New species; Pollination; Taxonomy

Indexed keywords

GENTIANA; GENTIANACEAE; SYMBOLANTHUS; SYMBOLANTHUS AUSTRALIS; SYMBOLANTHUS BRITTONIANUS; SYMBOLANTHUS CALYGONUS; SYMBOLANTHUS MACRANTHUS;

EID: 56549116640     PISSN: 14772000     EISSN: 14780933     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S1477200008002740     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (7)

References (59)
  • 1
    • 0024938476 scopus 로고
    • An evolutionary scenario for the genus Heliconia
    • HOLM-NIELSEN, L.B. NIELSEN, I.C. & BALSLEV, H. Eds, Academic Press, London, pp
    • ANDERSSON, L. 1989. An evolutionary scenario for the genus Heliconia. In: HOLM-NIELSEN, L.B. NIELSEN, I.C. & BALSLEV, H. Eds., Tropical forests: botanical dynamics, speciation and diversity. Academic Press, London, pp. 173-184.
    • (1989) Tropical forests: Botanical dynamics, speciation and diversity , pp. 173-184
    • ANDERSSON, L.1
  • 4
    • 4544308332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic relationships and biogeography of Fuchsia (Onagraceae) based on noncoding nuclear and chloroplast dna data
    • BERRY, P.E., HAHN, W.J., SYTSMA, K.J., HALL, J.C. & MAST, A. 2004. Phylogenetic relationships and biogeography of Fuchsia (Onagraceae) based on noncoding nuclear and chloroplast dna data. American Journal of Botany 91, 601-614.
    • (2004) American Journal of Botany , vol.91 , pp. 601-614
    • BERRY, P.E.1    HAHN, W.J.2    SYTSMA, K.J.3    HALL, J.C.4    MAST, A.5
  • 5
    • 0021593699 scopus 로고
    • Changes in corolla color and other floral characteristics in Cryptantha humilis (Boraginaceae): Cues to discourage pollinators
    • CASPER, B.B. & LA PINE, T.R. 1984. Changes in corolla color and other floral characteristics in Cryptantha humilis (Boraginaceae): cues to discourage pollinators. Evolution 38, 128-141.
    • (1984) Evolution , vol.38 , pp. 128-141
    • CASPER, B.B.1    LA PINE, T.R.2
  • 6
    • 0020234212 scopus 로고
    • Plate tectonic constraints on the biogeography of Middle America and the Caribbean Region
    • CONEY, P.J. 1982. Plate tectonic constraints on the biogeography of Middle America and the Caribbean Region. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 69, 432-443.
    • (1982) Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden , vol.69 , pp. 432-443
    • CONEY, P.J.1
  • 7
    • 0345045117 scopus 로고
    • Lower Eocene and Paleocene Gentianaceae: Floral and palynological evidence
    • CREPET, W.L. & DAGHLIAN, C.P. 1981. Lower Eocene and Paleocene Gentianaceae: floral and palynological evidence. Science 214, 75-77.
    • (1981) Science , vol.214 , pp. 75-77
    • CREPET, W.L.1    DAGHLIAN, C.P.2
  • 8
    • 56549086900 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DON, G. 1838. Symbolanthus. In: J.G. & Rivington, F., Eds., A general history of the dichlamydeous plants, comprising complete descriptions of the different orders, 4: Corolliflorae, London, p. 210.
    • DON, G. 1838. Symbolanthus. In: J.G. & Rivington, F., Eds., A general history of the dichlamydeous plants, comprising complete descriptions of the different orders, Vol. 4: Corolliflorae, London, p. 210.
  • 9
    • 0001126611 scopus 로고
    • Tropical montane cloud forests: Conservation status and management issues
    • HAMILTON, L.S, JUVIK, J.O. & SCATENA, F.N, Eds, Springer-Verlag, New York, pp
    • DOUMENGE, C., GILMOUR, D., PEREZ, M.R. & BLOCKHUS, J. 1995. Tropical montane cloud forests: Conservation status and management issues. In: HAMILTON, L.S., JUVIK, J.O. & SCATENA, F.N., Eds., Tropical montane cloud forests. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 24-37.
    • (1995) Tropical montane cloud forests , pp. 24-37
    • DOUMENGE, C.1    GILMOUR, D.2    PEREZ, M.R.3    BLOCKHUS, J.4
  • 10
    • 20644449472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Illicit crops and armed conflict as constraints on biodiversity conservation in the Andes region
    • FJELDSÅ, J., ÁLVAREZ, M.D., LAZCANO, J.M. & LEÓN, B. 2005. Illicit crops and armed conflict as constraints on biodiversity conservation in the Andes region. Ambio 34(3), 205-211.
    • (2005) Ambio , vol.34 , Issue.3 , pp. 205-211
    • FJELDSÅ, J.1    ÁLVAREZ, M.D.2    LAZCANO, J.M.3    LEÓN, B.4
  • 11
    • 56549119952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GENTIAN RESEARCH NETWORK, images A
    • GENTIAN RESEARCH NETWORK. 2006. Chelonanthus images A. http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~struwe/gentnet/genera/ genChelimgA.htm
    • (2006) Chelonanthus
  • 12
    • 0024871407 scopus 로고
    • Speciation in tropical forests
    • HOLM-NIELSEN L.B, NIELSEN, I.C. & BALSLEV, H, Eds, Academic Press, London, pp
    • GENTRY, A.H. 1989. Speciation in tropical forests. In: HOLM-NIELSEN L.B., NIELSEN, I.C. & BALSLEV, H., Eds., Tropical forests: botanical dynamics, speciation and diversity. Academic Press, London, pp. 113-134.
    • (1989) Tropical forests: Botanical dynamics, speciation and diversity , pp. 113-134
    • GENTRY, A.H.1
  • 15
    • 56549116960 scopus 로고
    • Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Gentianaceae III. Gentianaceae Andinae.
    • GILG, E. 1906. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Gentianaceae III. Gentianaceae Andinae. Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis 2, 55-56.
    • (1906) Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis , vol.2 , pp. 55-56
    • GILG, E.1
  • 16
    • 4944224427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ancient vicariance or recent long-distance dispersal? Inferences about phylogeny and South American-African disjunctions in Rapateaceae and Bromeliaceae based on ndhF sequence data
    • GIVNISH, T.J., MILLAM, K.C., EVANS, T.M., HALL, J.C., PIRES, J.C., BERRY, P.E. & SYTSMA, K.J. 2004. Ancient vicariance or recent long-distance dispersal? Inferences about phylogeny and South American-African disjunctions in Rapateaceae and Bromeliaceae based on ndhF sequence data. International Journal of Plant Sciences 165, S35-S54.
    • (2004) International Journal of Plant Sciences , vol.165
    • GIVNISH, T.J.1    MILLAM, K.C.2    EVANS, T.M.3    HALL, J.C.4    PIRES, J.C.5    BERRY, P.E.6    SYTSMA, K.J.7
  • 17
    • 7044239584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogeny and evolution of Symbolanthus and Wurdackanthus (Gentianaceae-Helieae) in the Guayana Highlands and Andes, based on ribosomal 5S-NTS sequences
    • GOULD, K.R. & STRUWE, L. 2004. Phylogeny and evolution of Symbolanthus and Wurdackanthus (Gentianaceae-Helieae) in the Guayana Highlands and Andes, based on ribosomal 5S-NTS sequences. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 91, 438-446.
    • (2004) Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden , vol.91 , pp. 438-446
    • GOULD, K.R.1    STRUWE, L.2
  • 18
    • 84879890201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uplift history of the Central and Northern Andes: A review
    • GREGORY-WODZICKI, K.M. 2000. Uplift history of the Central and Northern Andes: A review. Geological Society of America Bulletin 112, 1091-1105.
    • (2000) Geological Society of America Bulletin , vol.112 , pp. 1091-1105
    • GREGORY-WODZICKI, K.M.1
  • 19
    • 0022224849 scopus 로고
    • Adaptive radiation and genetic differentiation in Hawaiian Bidens
    • HELENURM, K. & GANDERS, F. 1985. Adaptive radiation and genetic differentiation in Hawaiian Bidens. Evolution 39, 753-765.
    • (1985) Evolution , vol.39 , pp. 753-765
    • HELENURM, K.1    GANDERS, F.2
  • 20
    • 56549086623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HOLMGREN, P.K. & HOLMGREN, N.H. 1998 (onwards, continuously updated). Index Herbariorum. The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY. http://sciweb.nybg.org/science2/IndexHerbariorum.asp
    • HOLMGREN, P.K. & HOLMGREN, N.H. 1998 (onwards, continuously updated). Index Herbariorum. The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY. http://sciweb.nybg.org/science2/IndexHerbariorum.asp
  • 21
    • 60449113205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of forests in the northern Andes and Amazonian lowlands during the Tertiary and Quaternary
    • GUARIGUATA, M. & KATTAN, G, Eds, Ediciones LUR, Cartago, Costa Rica
    • HOOGHIEMSTRA, H., VAN DER HAMMEN, T. & CLEEF, A. 2002. Evolution of forests in the northern Andes and Amazonian lowlands during the Tertiary and Quaternary. In: GUARIGUATA, M. & KATTAN, G., Eds., Ecology of neotropical rainforests. Ediciones LUR, Cartago, Costa Rica.
    • (2002) Ecology of neotropical rainforests
    • HOOGHIEMSTRA, H.1    VAN DER HAMMEN, T.2    CLEEF, A.3
  • 22
    • 33745904168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Island radiation on a continental scale: Exceptional rates of plant diversification after uplift of the Andes
    • HUGHES, C.E. & EASTWOOD, R.J. 2006. Island radiation on a continental scale: exceptional rates of plant diversification after uplift of the Andes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 103, 10334-10339.
    • (2006) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , vol.103 , pp. 10334-10339
    • HUGHES, C.E.1    EASTWOOD, R.J.2
  • 23
    • 56549122224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IPNI, THE INTERNATIONAL PLANT NAMES INDEX, Accessed
    • IPNI - THE INTERNATIONAL PLANT NAMES INDEX. Copyright 2004 onwards. http://www.ipni.org. Accessed 9/28/2007/
    • (2007) Copyright 2004 onwards , pp. 9-28
  • 24
    • 0242490808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • KADEREIT, J.W. & VON HAGEN, K.B. 2003. The evolution of flower morphology in Gentianaceae-Swertiinae and the roles of key innovations and niche width for the diversification of Gentianella and Halenia in South America. International Journal of Plant Sciences 164, 441-S452.
    • KADEREIT, J.W. & VON HAGEN, K.B. 2003. The evolution of flower morphology in Gentianaceae-Swertiinae and the roles of key innovations and niche width for the diversification of Gentianella and Halenia in South America. International Journal of Plant Sciences 164, 441-S452.
  • 25
    • 27544436310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid speciation and the evolution of hummingbird pollination in neotropical Costus subgenus Costus (Costaceae): Evidence from nrDNA ITS and ETS sequences
    • KAY, K.M., REEVES, P.A., OLMSTEAD, R.G. & SCHEMSKE, D.W. 2005. Rapid speciation and the evolution of hummingbird pollination in neotropical Costus subgenus Costus (Costaceae): evidence from nrDNA ITS and ETS sequences. American Journal of Botany 92,1899-1910.
    • (2005) American Journal of Botany , vol.92 , pp. 1899-1910
    • KAY, K.M.1    REEVES, P.A.2    OLMSTEAD, R.G.3    SCHEMSKE, D.W.4
  • 26
    • 0031428637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mapping vegetation and anthropogenic disturbances in southern Ecuador with remote sensing techniques: Implications for park management
    • KEATING, P.L. 1997. Mapping vegetation and anthropogenic disturbances in southern Ecuador with remote sensing techniques: implications for park management. Yearbook of the Conference of Latin Americanist Geographers 23, 77-90.
    • (1997) Yearbook of the Conference of Latin Americanist Geographers , vol.23 , pp. 77-90
    • KEATING, P.L.1
  • 27
    • 0029823561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A common origin for woody Sonchus and five related genera in the Macaronesian Islands: Molecular evidence for extensive radiation
    • KIM, S.D., CRAWFORD, J., FRANCISCO- ORTEGA, J. & SANTOS-GUERRA, A. 1996. A common origin for woody Sonchus and five related genera in the Macaronesian Islands: molecular evidence for extensive radiation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 93, 7743-7748.
    • (1996) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA , vol.93 , pp. 7743-7748
    • KIM, S.D.1    CRAWFORD, J.2    FRANCISCO- ORTEGA, J.3    SANTOS-GUERRA, A.4
  • 28
    • 56549105352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LIMA 2000. 1987. Mapa Vial del Peru, 1st ed. Editorial Lima 2000 S.A. Av. Arequipa 2625, Lince, Lima 14, Peru. Scale: 1:2,200,000.
    • LIMA 2000. 1987. Mapa Vial del Peru, 1st ed. Editorial Lima 2000 S.A. Av. Arequipa 2625, Lince, Lima 14, Peru. Scale: 1:2,200,000.
  • 30
    • 2642710873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bat pollination of the terrestrial herb Irlbachia alata (Gentianaceae) in northeastern Brazil
    • MACHADO, I.C.S., SAZIMA, I. & SAZIMA, M. 1998. Bat pollination of the terrestrial herb Irlbachia alata (Gentianaceae) in northeastern Brazil. Plant Systematics and Evolution 209, 231-237.
    • (1998) Plant Systematics and Evolution , vol.209 , pp. 231-237
    • MACHADO, I.C.S.1    SAZIMA, I.2    SAZIMA, M.3
  • 31
    • 56549122989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. Copyright 1995 (onwards). W3tropicos. http://mobot.mobot.org/W3T/Search/vast.html
    • MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. Copyright 1995 (onwards). W3tropicos. http://mobot.mobot.org/W3T/Search/vast.html
  • 32
    • 56549087935 scopus 로고
    • Symbolanthus macranthus (Benth.) Moldenke
    • MOLDENKE, H.N. 1947. Symbolanthus macranthus (Benth.) Moldenke. Phytologia 2, 235.
    • (1947) Phytologia , vol.2 , pp. 235
    • MOLDENKE, H.N.1
  • 33
    • 56549090846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MSN ENCARTA. Online Encyclopedia, Dictionary, Atlas, and Homework. http://encarta.msn.com
    • MSN ENCARTA. Online Encyclopedia, Dictionary, Atlas, and Homework. http://encarta.msn.com
  • 34
    • 0030967449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetics of adaptive radiation in Hawaiian and Cook Islands species of Tetramolopium (Asteraceae; Astereae). I. Nuclear RFLP marker diversity
    • OKADA, M., WHITKUS, R. & LOWREY, T.K. 1997. Genetics of adaptive radiation in Hawaiian and Cook Islands species of Tetramolopium (Asteraceae; Astereae). I. Nuclear RFLP marker diversity. American Journal of Botany 84, 1236-1246.
    • (1997) American Journal of Botany , vol.84 , pp. 1236-1246
    • OKADA, M.1    WHITKUS, R.2    LOWREY, T.K.3
  • 35
    • 56549099989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NELLES MAPS. 2001. Peru, Ecuador. Nelles Verlag Gmbh, D-80935 München, Federal Public of Germany.
    • NELLES MAPS. 2001. Peru, Ecuador. Nelles Verlag Gmbh, D-80935 München, Federal Public of Germany.
  • 37
    • 0035929227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid diversification of a speciesrich genus of neotropical rain forest trees
    • RICHARDSON, J.E., PENNINGTON, R.T., PENNINGTON, T.D. & HOLLINGSWORTH, P.M. 2001. Rapid diversification of a speciesrich genus of neotropical rain forest trees. Science 21, 2242-2245.
    • (2001) Science , vol.21 , pp. 2242-2245
    • RICHARDSON, J.E.1    PENNINGTON, R.T.2    PENNINGTON, T.D.3    HOLLINGSWORTH, P.M.4
  • 38
    • 1842654281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of the Lost World and vertical displacement hypotheses in the Chimantá Massif, Venezuelan Guayana
    • RULL, V. 2004. An evaluation of the Lost World and vertical displacement hypotheses in the Chimantá Massif, Venezuelan Guayana. Global Ecology and Biogeography 13, 141-148.
    • (2004) Global Ecology and Biogeography , vol.13 , pp. 141-148
    • RULL, V.1
  • 39
    • 0028259172 scopus 로고
    • Radiation of the endemic genus Dendroseris (Asteraceae) on the Juan Fernandez Islands: Evidence from sequences of the ITS regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA
    • SANG, T.D., CRAWFORD, J., KIM, S. & STUESSY, T.F. 1994. Radiation of the endemic genus Dendroseris (Asteraceae) on the Juan Fernandez Islands: Evidence from sequences of the ITS regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA. American Journal of Botany 81, 1494-1501.
    • (1994) American Journal of Botany , vol.81 , pp. 1494-1501
    • SANG, T.D.1    CRAWFORD, J.2    KIM, S.3    STUESSY, T.F.4
  • 40
    • 0028039424 scopus 로고
    • Nectar by day and night: Siphocampylus sulfureus (Lobeliaceae) pollinated by hummingbirds and bats
    • SAZIMA, M., BUZATO, S. and SAZIMA, I. 1994. Nectar by day and night: Siphocampylus sulfureus (Lobeliaceae) pollinated by hummingbirds and bats. Plant Systematics and Evolution 191, 237-246.
    • (1994) Plant Systematics and Evolution , vol.191 , pp. 237-246
    • SAZIMA, M.1    BUZATO, S.2    SAZIMA, I.3
  • 42
  • 43
    • 56549117763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • STANDARDS AND PETITIONS WORKING GROUP 2006. Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.Version 6.2. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Working Group of the IUCN SSC Biodiversity Assessments Sub-Committee in December 2006. http://app.iucn.org/webfiles/doc/SSC/RedList/RedListGuidelines.pdf.
    • STANDARDS AND PETITIONS WORKING GROUP 2006. Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.Version 6.2. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Working Group of the IUCN SSC Biodiversity Assessments Sub-Committee in December 2006. http://app.iucn.org/webfiles/doc/SSC/RedList/RedListGuidelines.pdf.
  • 44
    • 0042034338 scopus 로고
    • The lowland floral element on the summit of Cerro Guaiquinima and other cerros of the Guayana Highland of Venezuela
    • STEYERMARK, J.A. & DUNSTERVILLE, G.C.K. 1980. The lowland floral element on the summit of Cerro Guaiquinima and other cerros of the Guayana Highland of Venezuela. Journal of Biogeography 7, 285-303.
    • (1980) Journal of Biogeography , vol.7 , pp. 285-303
    • STEYERMARK, J.A.1    DUNSTERVILLE, G.C.K.2
  • 45
    • 56549104806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • STRUWE, L., KADEREIT, J.W., KLACKENBERG, J., NILSSON, S., THIV, M.,VON HAGEN, K.B. & ALBERT, V.A. 2002. Systematics, character evolution, and biogeography of Gentianaceae, including a new tribal and subtribal classification. In: STRUWE, L. & ALBERT, V.A., Eds., Gentianaceae: Systematics and Natural History. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 21-309.
    • STRUWE, L., KADEREIT, J.W., KLACKENBERG, J., NILSSON, S., THIV, M.,VON HAGEN, K.B. & ALBERT, V.A. 2002. Systematics, character evolution, and biogeography of Gentianaceae, including a new tribal and subtribal classification. In: STRUWE, L. & ALBERT, V.A., Eds., Gentianaceae: Systematics and Natural History. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 21-309.
  • 46
    • 4944220050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Revision of Bolivian Symbolanthus (Gentianaceae - Helieae)
    • STRUWE, L. 2003a. Revision of Bolivian Symbolanthus (Gentianaceae - Helieae). Harvard Papers in Botany 8, 19-24.
    • (2003) Harvard Papers in Botany , vol.8 , pp. 19-24
    • STRUWE, L.1
  • 47
    • 0037256401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two new winged species of Symbolanthus (Gentianaceae: Helieae) from Colombia
    • STRUWE, L. 2003b. Two new winged species of Symbolanthus (Gentianaceae: Helieae) from Colombia. Novon 13, 133-140.
    • (2003) Novon , vol.13 , pp. 133-140
    • STRUWE, L.1
  • 48
    • 56549124252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coronas and curved stamens: Shape, size, and color in the floral evolution of tribe Helieae (Gentianaceae; Asteridae)
    • Belém, Brazil, 13-17 July, poster
    • STRUWE, L., GRANT, J.R. & GOULD, K.R. 2003. Coronas and curved stamens: shape, size, and color in the floral evolution of tribe Helieae (Gentianaceae; Asteridae). Brazilian Botanic Congress, Belém, Brazil, 13-17 July 2003. [poster]
    • (2003) Brazilian Botanic Congress
    • STRUWE, L.1    GRANT, J.R.2    GOULD, K.R.3
  • 49
    • 4944220756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Redefinition of Symbolanthus to include Wurdackanthus (Gentianaceae - Helieae)
    • STRUWE, L. & GOULD, K. 2004. Redefinition of Symbolanthus to include Wurdackanthus (Gentianaceae - Helieae). Novon 14, 354-359.
    • (2004) Novon , vol.14 , pp. 354-359
    • STRUWE, L.1    GOULD, K.2
  • 50
    • 56549115405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SYSTEMATICS ASSOCIATION COMMITTEE FOR DESCRIPTIVE TERMINOLOGY. 1962. II. Terminology of simple symmetrical plane shapes. Taxon 11(5), 145-156, 245.
    • SYSTEMATICS ASSOCIATION COMMITTEE FOR DESCRIPTIVE TERMINOLOGY. 1962. II. Terminology of simple symmetrical plane shapes. Taxon 11(5), 145-156, 245.
  • 51
    • 0033867653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pollen presentation and pollination syndromes, with special reference to Penstemon
    • THOMSON, J.D., WILSON, P., VALENZUELA, M. & MALZONE, M. 2000. Pollen presentation and pollination syndromes, with special reference to Penstemon. Plant Species Biology 15, 11-29.
    • (2000) Plant Species Biology , vol.15 , pp. 11-29
    • THOMSON, J.D.1    WILSON, P.2    VALENZUELA, M.3    MALZONE, M.4
  • 52
    • 56549091352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TRAVELJOURNALS.NET or its affiliates/members. © 2000-2006 http://www.traveljournals.net
    • TRAVELJOURNALS.NET or its affiliates/members. © 2000-2006 http://www.traveljournals.net
  • 53
    • 0142095122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pollination of the understory palm Calyptrogyne ghiesbreghtiana by hovering and perching bats
    • TSCHAPKA, M. 2003. Pollination of the understory palm Calyptrogyne ghiesbreghtiana by hovering and perching bats. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 80, 281-288.
    • (2003) Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , vol.80 , pp. 281-288
    • TSCHAPKA, M.1
  • 55
    • 0000418761 scopus 로고
    • Chiropterophilie in der neotropischen Flora. II
    • VOGEL, S. 1969. Chiropterophilie in der neotropischen Flora. II. Flora 158, 185-222.
    • (1969) Flora , vol.158 , pp. 185-222
    • VOGEL, S.1
  • 56
    • 0036113156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observations on the biogeography of the Amotape-Huancabamba zone in northern Peru
    • YOUNG, K, ULLOA, U, C, LUTEYN, J.L. & KNAPP, S, Eds, Plant evolution and endemism in Andean South America
    • WEIGEND, M. 2002. Observations on the biogeography of the Amotape-Huancabamba zone in northern Peru. In: YOUNG, K., ULLOA, U., C., LUTEYN, J.L. & KNAPP, S., Eds., Plant evolution and endemism in Andean South America. Botanical Review 68, 38-54.
    • (2002) Botanical Review , vol.68 , pp. 38-54
    • WEIGEND, M.1
  • 57
    • 0024904296 scopus 로고
    • Adaptations for the 'fail-safe' pollination of specialized ornithophilous flowers
    • WOLF, L.L. & STILES, F.G. 1989. Adaptations for the 'fail-safe' pollination of specialized ornithophilous flowers. American Midland Naturalist 121, 1-10.
    • (1989) American Midland Naturalist , vol.121 , pp. 1-10
    • WOLF, L.L.1    STILES, F.G.2
  • 58
    • 56549116695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • YOUNG, K.R. & LÉON, B. 1999. Peru's Humid Eastern Montane Forests: An Overview of Their Physical Settings, Biological Diversity, Human Use and Settlement, and Conservation Needs. DIVA Technical Report 5, Kalø, Denmark: Centre for Research on Cultural and Biological Diversity of Andean Rainforests (DIVA).
    • YOUNG, K.R. & LÉON, B. 1999. Peru's Humid Eastern Montane Forests: An Overview of Their Physical Settings, Biological Diversity, Human Use and Settlement, and Conservation Needs. DIVA Technical Report 5, Kalø, Denmark: Centre for Research on Cultural and Biological Diversity of Andean Rainforests (DIVA).


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.