메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 18, Issue 5, 2004, Pages 563-572

Measurement of cardiac output before and after cardiopulmonary bypass: Comparison among aortic transit-time ultrasound, thermodilution, and noninvasive partial CO2 rebreathing

Author keywords

carbon dioxide; cardiac output; partial rebreathing; thermodilution

Indexed keywords

CARBON DIOXIDE; ETOMIDATE; FENTANYL; ISOFLURANE; PANCURONIUM BROMIDE; SUXAMETHONIUM; THIOPENTAL;

EID: 5644244930     PISSN: 10530770     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2004.07.005     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (85)

References (56)
  • 1
    • 0014964972 scopus 로고
    • Catheterization of the heart in man with use of a flow-directed balloon-tipped catheter
    • 477-451
    • Swan H.J.C., Ganz W., Forrester J.S., et al. Catheterization of the heart in man with use of a flow-directed balloon-tipped catheter. N Engl J Med. 283:1970;. 477-451
    • (1970) N Engl J Med , vol.283
    • Swan, H.J.C.1    Ganz, W.2    Forrester, J.S.3
  • 2
    • 0022003312 scopus 로고
    • The cult of the Swan-Ganz catheter: Overuse and abuse of pulmonary artery flow catheters
    • Robin E.D. The cult of the Swan-Ganz catheter Overuse and abuse of pulmonary artery flow catheters. Ann Intern Med. 103:1985;445-449
    • (1985) Ann Intern Med , vol.103 , pp. 445-449
    • Robin, E.D.1
  • 3
    • 9544228424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effectiveness of right heart catheterization in the initial care of critically ill patients: SUPPORT Investigators
    • Connors A.F. Jr, Speroff T., Dawson N.V., et al. The effectiveness of right heart catheterization in the initial care of critically ill patients SUPPORT Investigators. JAMA. 276:1996;889-897
    • (1996) JAMA , vol.276 , pp. 889-897
    • Connors Jr., A.F.1    Speroff, T.2    Dawson, N.V.3
  • 4
    • 0029783123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is it time to pull the pulmonary artery catheter?
    • Dalen J.E., Bone R.C. Is it time to pull the pulmonary artery catheter? JAMA. 276:1996;916-918
    • (1996) JAMA , vol.276 , pp. 916-918
    • Dalen, J.E.1    Bone, R.C.2
  • 5
    • 0033238015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 rebreathing cardiac output - Operating principles of the NICO system
    • 2 rebreathing cardiac output - operating principles of the NICO system. J Clin Monit. 15:1999;387-401
    • (1999) J Clin Monit , vol.15 , pp. 387-401
    • Jaffe, M.B.1
  • 6
    • 0014262184 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of cardiac output by thermal dilution in man
    • Branthwaite M.A., Bradley R.D. Measurement of cardiac output by thermal dilution in man. J Appl Physiol. 24:1968;434-438
    • (1968) J Appl Physiol , vol.24 , pp. 434-438
    • Branthwaite, M.A.1    Bradley, R.D.2
  • 7
    • 0014920614 scopus 로고
    • Validity and reproducibility of determination of cardiac output by thermodilution in man
    • Olsson B., Pool J., Vandermoten R., et al. Validity and reproducibility of determination of cardiac output by thermodilution in man. Cardiology. 55:1970;136-148
    • (1970) Cardiology , vol.55 , pp. 136-148
    • Olsson, B.1    Pool, J.2    Vandermoten, R.3
  • 8
    • 0015041424 scopus 로고
    • A new technique for measurement of cardiac output by thermodilution in man
    • Ganz W., Donosco R., Marcus H.S., et al. A new technique for measurement of cardiac output by thermodilution in man. Am J Cardiol. 27:1971;392-396
    • (1971) Am J Cardiol , vol.27 , pp. 392-396
    • Ganz, W.1    Donosco, R.2    Marcus, H.S.3
  • 9
    • 0016549384 scopus 로고
    • Thermodilution, and Fick cardiac index determinations following cardiac surgery
    • Hodges M., Downs J.B., Mitchell L.A. Thermodilution, and Fick cardiac index determinations following cardiac surgery. Crit Care Med. 3:1975;182-184
    • (1975) Crit Care Med , vol.3 , pp. 182-184
    • Hodges, M.1    Downs, J.B.2    Mitchell, L.A.3
  • 10
    • 0020445597 scopus 로고
    • Reliability of the thermodilution method in the determination of cardiac output in clinical practice
    • Stetzs C.W., Miller R.G., Kelly G.E., et al. Reliability of the thermodilution method in the determination of cardiac output in clinical practice. Am Rev Resp Dis. 126:1982;1001-1004
    • (1982) Am Rev Resp Dis , vol.126 , pp. 1001-1004
    • Stetzs, C.W.1    Miller, R.G.2    Kelly, G.E.3
  • 11
    • 0003877048 scopus 로고
    • Applied Respiratory Physiology
    • Oxford, England: Butterworth-Heinemann
    • Nunn J.F. Applied Respiratory Physiology. ed 4:1993;Butterworth- Heinemann, Oxford, England
    • (1993) Ed 4
    • Nunn, J.F.1
  • 12
    • 0000392384 scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of changes in carbon dioxide stores
    • Farhi L.E., Herman R. Dynamics of changes in carbon dioxide stores. Anesthesiology. 21:1960;604-614
    • (1960) Anesthesiology , vol.21 , pp. 604-614
    • Farhi, L.E.1    Herman, R.2
  • 14
    • 0034351171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 rebreathing indirect Fick technique for noninvasive measurement of cardiac output
    • 2 rebreathing indirect Fick technique for noninvasive measurement of cardiac output. J Clin Monit. 16:2000;361-374
    • (2000) J Clin Monit , vol.16 , pp. 361-374
    • Haryadi, D.G.1    Orr, J.A.2    Kuck, K.3
  • 16
    • 0028990843 scopus 로고
    • 2 diagram: A non-invasive measure of pulmonary gas exchange
    • 2 diagram A non-invasive measure of pulmonary gas exchange. Eur J Anaesth. 12:1995;375-386
    • (1995) Eur J Anaesth , vol.12 , pp. 375-386
    • Sapsford, D.J.1    Jones, J.G.2
  • 17
    • 0015291993 scopus 로고
    • Seminar on clinical application of techniques to measure blood flow in man: Part II. Measurement of blood flow by thermodilution
    • Ganz W., Swan H.J.C. Seminar on clinical application of techniques to measure blood flow in man Part II. Measurement of blood flow by thermodilution. Am J Cardiol. 29:1972;241-246
    • (1972) Am J Cardiol , vol.29 , pp. 241-246
    • Ganz, W.1    Swan, H.J.C.2
  • 18
    • 0016812061 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of cardiac output by thermodilution
    • Weisel R.D., Berger R.L., Hechtman H.B. Measurement of cardiac output by thermodilution. N Engl J Med. 292:1975;682-685
    • (1975) N Engl J Med , vol.292 , pp. 682-685
    • Weisel, R.D.1    Berger, R.L.2    Hechtman, H.B.3
  • 19
    • 0026695419 scopus 로고
    • Continuous thermodilution cardiac output measurement in intensive care unit patients
    • Yelderman M.L., Ramsay M.A., Quinn M.D., et al. Continuous thermodilution cardiac output measurement in intensive care unit patients. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 6:1992;270-274
    • (1992) J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth , vol.6 , pp. 270-274
    • Yelderman, M.L.1    Ramsay, M.A.2    Quinn, M.D.3
  • 20
    • 0025130516 scopus 로고
    • Continuous measurement of cardiac output with the use of stochastic system identification techniques
    • Yelderman M.L. Continuous measurement of cardiac output with the use of stochastic system identification techniques. J Clin Monit. 6:1990;322-332
    • (1990) J Clin Monit , vol.6 , pp. 322-332
    • Yelderman, M.L.1
  • 21
    • 0029154767 scopus 로고
    • Continuous thermodilution cardiac output: Agreement with Fick and bolus thermodilution methods
    • Thrush D., Downs J.B., Smith R.A. Continuous thermodilution cardiac output Agreement with Fick and bolus thermodilution methods. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 9:1995;399-404
    • (1995) J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth , vol.9 , pp. 399-404
    • Thrush, D.1    Downs, J.B.2    Smith, R.A.3
  • 22
    • 0003427231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • McDonalds's Blood Flow in Arteries-Theoretical, Experimental and Clinical Principles
    • London: Arnold. pp 142, 156-158
    • Nichols W.W., O'Rourke M.F. McDonalds's Blood Flow in Arteries-Theoretical, Experimental and Clinical Principles. ed 4:1998;Arnold, London. pp 142, 156-158
    • (1998) Ed 4
    • Nichols, W.W.1    O'Rourke, M.F.2
  • 23
    • 84908219488 scopus 로고
    • Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement
    • Bland J.M., Altman D.G. Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement. Lancet. I:1986;307-310
    • (1986) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 307-310
    • Bland, J.M.1    Altman, D.G.2
  • 24
    • 0033003166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A meta-analysis of studies using bias and precision statistics to compare cardiac output measurement techniques
    • Critchley L.A.H., Critchley J.A.J.H. A meta-analysis of studies using bias and precision statistics to compare cardiac output measurement techniques. J Clin Monit. 15:1999;85-91
    • (1999) J Clin Monit , vol.15 , pp. 85-91
    • Critchley, L.A.H.1    Critchley, J.A.J.H.2
  • 25
    • 0032423161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood volume measurement: The next intraoperative monitor (editorial)
    • Barker S.J. Blood volume measurement The next intraoperative monitor (editorial). Anesthesiology. 89:1998;1310-1312
    • (1998) Anesthesiology , vol.89 , pp. 1310-1312
    • Barker, S.J.1
  • 26
    • 0029846058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of transesophageal echocardiographic, Fick, and thermodilution cardiac output in critically ill patients
    • Axler O., Tousignant C., Thompson C.R., et al. Comparison of transesophageal echocardiographic, Fick, and thermodilution cardiac output in critically ill patients. J Crit Care. 11:1996;109-116
    • (1996) J Crit Care , vol.11 , pp. 109-116
    • Axler, O.1    Tousignant, C.2    Thompson, C.R.3
  • 27
    • 0021314242 scopus 로고
    • Doppler echocardiographic measurement of cardiac output: Comparison with a non-golden-standard
    • Schuster A.H., Nanda N.C. Doppler echocardiographic measurement of cardiac output Comparison with a non-golden-standard. Am J Cardiol. 53:1984;257-259
    • (1984) Am J Cardiol , vol.53 , pp. 257-259
    • Schuster, A.H.1    Nanda, N.C.2
  • 28
    • 0025221173 scopus 로고
    • An adequate strategy for the thermodilution technique in patients during mechanical ventilation
    • Jansen J.R.C., Schreuder J.J., Settels J.J., et al. An adequate strategy for the thermodilution technique in patients during mechanical ventilation. Intensive Care Med. 16:1990;422-425
    • (1990) Intensive Care Med , vol.16 , pp. 422-425
    • Jansen, J.R.C.1    Schreuder, J.J.2    Settels, J.J.3
  • 29
    • 0027137477 scopus 로고
    • Ventilation, thermal noise, and errors in cardiac output measurements after cardiopulmonary bypass
    • Latson T.W., Whitten C.W., O'Flaherty D. Ventilation, thermal noise, and errors in cardiac output measurements after cardiopulmonary bypass. Anesthesiology. 79:1993;1233-1243
    • (1993) Anesthesiology , vol.79 , pp. 1233-1243
    • Latson, T.W.1    Whitten, C.W.2    O'Flaherty, D.3
  • 30
    • 0022401426 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of factors affecting the variability of Fick versus indicator dilution measurements of cardiac output
    • Hillis L.D., Firth B.G., Winniford M.D. Analysis of factors affecting the variability of Fick versus indicator dilution measurements of cardiac output. Am J Cardiol. 56:1985;764-768
    • (1985) Am J Cardiol , vol.56 , pp. 764-768
    • Hillis, L.D.1    Firth, B.G.2    Winniford, M.D.3
  • 31
    • 0028344697 scopus 로고
    • Intraoperative electromagnetic flowmeter measurements in coronary artery bypass grafts
    • Louagie Y.A., Haxhe J.P., Jamart J., et al. Intraoperative electromagnetic flowmeter measurements in coronary artery bypass grafts. Ann Thorac Surg. 57:1994;357-364
    • (1994) Ann Thorac Surg , vol.57 , pp. 357-364
    • Louagie, Y.A.1    Haxhe, J.P.2    Jamart, J.3
  • 32
    • 0027932275 scopus 로고
    • Ultrasonic assessment of internal thoracic artery graft flow in the revascularized heart
    • Canver C.C., Dame N. Ultrasonic assessment of internal thoracic artery graft flow in the revascularized heart. Ann Thorac Surg. 58:1994;135-138
    • (1994) Ann Thorac Surg , vol.58 , pp. 135-138
    • Canver, C.C.1    Dame, N.2
  • 33
    • 0033916348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transit-time flow measurement: Experimental validation and comparison of three different systems
    • Beldi G., Bosshard A., Genik I., et al. Transit-time flow measurement Experimental validation and comparison of three different systems. Ann Thorac Surg. 70:2000;212-217
    • (2000) Ann Thorac Surg , vol.70 , pp. 212-217
    • Beldi, G.1    Bosshard, A.2    Genik, I.3
  • 34
    • 0029774358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of a new transit-time ultrasound flowmeter in man
    • Laustsen J., Pedersen E.M., Terp K., et al. Validation of a new transit-time ultrasound flowmeter in man. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 12:1996;91-96
    • (1996) Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg , vol.12 , pp. 91-96
    • Laustsen, J.1    Pedersen, E.M.2    Terp, K.3
  • 35
    • 0031756374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Failed coronary artery bypass anastomosis detected by intraoperative coronary flow measurement
    • Walpoth B.H., Bosshard A., Kipfer B., et al. Failed coronary artery bypass anastomosis detected by intraoperative coronary flow measurement. Eur J Cardiothoracic Surg. 14:1998;76-81
    • (1998) Eur J Cardiothoracic Surg , vol.14 , pp. 76-81
    • Walpoth, B.H.1    Bosshard, A.2    Kipfer, B.3
  • 36
    • 0019039855 scopus 로고
    • A new method for noninvasive bedside determination of pulmonary blood flow
    • Gedeon A., Forslund L., Hedenstierna G., et al. A new method for noninvasive bedside determination of pulmonary blood flow. Med Bio Eng Comput. 18:1980;411-418
    • (1980) Med Bio Eng Comput , vol.18 , pp. 411-418
    • Gedeon, A.1    Forslund, L.2    Hedenstierna, G.3
  • 38
    • 0029051784 scopus 로고
    • A new method of using gas exchange measurements for the noninvasive determination of cardiac output: Clinical experiences in adults following cardiac surgery
    • Osterlund B., Gedeon A., Krill P., et al. A new method of using gas exchange measurements for the noninvasive determination of cardiac output Clinical experiences in adults following cardiac surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 39:1995;727-732
    • (1995) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.39 , pp. 727-732
    • Osterlund, B.1    Gedeon, A.2    Krill, P.3
  • 39
    • 0003335541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 rebreathing Fick technique for noninvasive measurement
    • (abstr)
    • 2 rebreathing Fick technique for noninvasive measurement. Anesth Analg. 86:1998;SCA53. (abstr)
    • (1998) Anesth Analg , vol.86 , pp. 53
    • Bailey, P.L.1    Haryadi, D.G.2    Orr, J.A.3
  • 40
    • 0000954148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of new noninvasive cardiac output technique bolus and continuous thermodilution
    • abstr
    • Watt R.C., Loeb R.G., Orr J.A. Comparison of new noninvasive cardiac output technique bolus and continuous thermodilution. Anesthesiology. 89:1998;A536. abstr
    • (1998) Anesthesiology , vol.89 , pp. 536
    • Watt, R.C.1    Loeb, R.G.2    Orr, J.A.3
  • 41
    • 0000923780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of partial rebreathing cardiac output measurement during surgery
    • abstr
    • Kuck K., Haryadi D.G., Orr J.A., et al. Evaluation of partial rebreathing cardiac output measurement during surgery. Anesthesiology. 89:1998;A542. abstr
    • (1998) Anesthesiology , vol.89 , pp. 542
    • Kuck, K.1    Haryadi, D.G.2    Orr, J.A.3
  • 42
    • 0001679042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical evaluation of a new noninvasive method of cardiac output measurement - Preliminary results in CABG patients
    • abstr
    • Guzzi L., Jaffe M.B., Orr J.A. Clinical evaluation of a new noninvasive method of cardiac output measurement - Preliminary results in CABG patients. Anesthesiology. 89:1998;A543. abstr
    • (1998) Anesthesiology , vol.89 , pp. 543
    • Guzzi, L.1    Jaffe, M.B.2    Orr, J.A.3
  • 43
    • 0004892521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical validation of a new noninvasive breath-to-breath Fick method for cardiac output estimation
    • Orr J.A., Kuck K., Haryadi D.G., et al. Clinical validation of a new noninvasive breath-to-breath Fick method for cardiac output estimation. J Clin Monit Comput. 15:1999;241-242
    • (1999) J Clin Monit Comput , vol.15 , pp. 241-242
    • Orr, J.A.1    Kuck, K.2    Haryadi, D.G.3
  • 44
    • 0004846317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 rebreathing Fick technique for noninvasive measurement of cardiac output
    • 2 rebreathing Fick technique for noninvasive measurement of cardiac output. J Clin Monit Comput. 15:1999;255-256
    • (1999) J Clin Monit Comput , vol.15 , pp. 255-256
    • Haryadi, D.G.1    Bailey, P.L.2    Kuck, K.3
  • 45
    • 0004869005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of noninvasive, partial rebreathing cardiac output with invasive bolus and continuous thermodilution
    • Loeb R.G., Watt R.C., DiNardo J.A., et al. Comparison of noninvasive, partial rebreathing cardiac output with invasive bolus and continuous thermodilution. J Clin Monit Comput. 15:1999;259-260
    • (1999) J Clin Monit Comput , vol.15 , pp. 259-260
    • Loeb, R.G.1    Watt, R.C.2    Dinardo, J.A.3
  • 46
    • 0033864048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical evaluation of the non-invasive cardiac output (NICO) monitor in the intensive care unit
    • Van Heerden P.V., Baker S., Lim S.I., et al. Clinical evaluation of the non-invasive cardiac output (NICO) monitor in the intensive care unit. Anaesth Intensive Care. 28:2000;427-430
    • (2000) Anaesth Intensive Care , vol.28 , pp. 427-430
    • Van Heerden, P.V.1    Baker, S.2    Lim, S.I.3
  • 47
    • 0002433098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postoperative respiratory management
    • J.A. Kaplan, D.L. Reich, & S.N. Konstadt. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders
    • Shapiro B.A., Lichtenthal P.R. Postoperative respiratory management. Kaplan J.A., Reich D.L., Konstadt S.N. Cardiac Anesthesia. 1999;1215-1232 Saunders, Philadelphia, PA
    • (1999) Cardiac Anesthesia , pp. 1215-1232
    • Shapiro, B.A.1    Lichtenthal, P.R.2
  • 48
    • 0000354356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reliability of invasive versus noninvasive indices in reflecting intrapulmonary shunt
    • (suppl 1, abstr)
    • Haryadi D.G., Kuck K., Orr J.A., et al. Reliability of invasive versus noninvasive indices in reflecting intrapulmonary shunt. Crit Care Med. 27:1999;A116. (suppl 1, abstr)
    • (1999) Crit Care Med , vol.27 , pp. 116
    • Haryadi, D.G.1    Kuck, K.2    Orr, J.A.3
  • 49
    • 0023179653 scopus 로고
    • 2 tension difference after cardiopulmonary bypass
    • 2 tension difference after cardiopulmonary bypass. Anesth Analg. 66:1987;690-692
    • (1987) Anesth Analg , vol.66 , pp. 690-692
    • Bermudez, J.1    Lichtiger, M.2
  • 50
    • 0342526594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of partial rebreathing cardiac output measurement in animals
    • (suppl, abstr)
    • Orr J., Kofoed S., Westenskow D.R. Evaluation of partial rebreathing cardiac output measurement in animals. Crit Care Med. 27:1999;114. (suppl, abstr)
    • (1999) Crit Care Med , vol.27 , pp. 114
    • Orr, J.1    Kofoed, S.2    Westenskow, D.R.3
  • 51
    • 0026445826 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of cardiac output measured by intrapulmonary artery Doppler, thermodilution and electromagnetometry
    • Heerdt P.M., Pond C.G., Blessios G.A., et al. Comparison of cardiac output measured by intrapulmonary artery Doppler, thermodilution and electromagnetometry. Ann Thorac Surg. 54:1992;959-966
    • (1992) Ann Thorac Surg , vol.54 , pp. 959-966
    • Heerdt, P.M.1    Pond, C.G.2    Blessios, G.A.3
  • 52
    • 0028605517 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of cardiac output measurement by continuous thermodilution with electromagnetometry in adult cardiac surgical patients
    • Hogue C.W., Rosenbloom M., McCawley C., et al. Comparison of cardiac output measurement by continuous thermodilution with electromagnetometry in adult cardiac surgical patients. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 8:1994;631-635
    • (1994) J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth , vol.8 , pp. 631-635
    • Hogue, C.W.1    Rosenbloom, M.2    McCawley, C.3
  • 53
    • 0029807410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the accuracy of continuous thermodilution cardiac output measurement: Comparison with intermittent thermodilution and Fick cardiac output measurement
    • Jacquet L., Hanique G., Glorieux D., et al. Analysis of the accuracy of continuous thermodilution cardiac output measurement Comparison with intermittent thermodilution and Fick cardiac output measurement. Intensive Care Med. 22:1996;1125-1129
    • (1996) Intensive Care Med , vol.22 , pp. 1125-1129
    • Jacquet, L.1    Hanique, G.2    Glorieux, D.3
  • 54
    • 0033994066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is the placement of a pulmonary artery catheter still justified solely for the measurement of cardiac output?
    • Sakka S.G., Reinhart K., Wegscheider K., et al. Is the placement of a pulmonary artery catheter still justified solely for the measurement of cardiac output? J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 14:2000;119-124
    • (2000) J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth , vol.14 , pp. 119-124
    • Sakka, S.G.1    Reinhart, K.2    Wegscheider, K.3
  • 55
    • 0029168048 scopus 로고
    • Continuous versus intermittent cardiac output measurement in cardiac surgical patients undergoing hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass
    • Bottiger B.W., Rouch H., Bohrer H., et al. Continuous versus intermittent cardiac output measurement in cardiac surgical patients undergoing hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 9:1995;405-411
    • (1995) J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth , vol.9 , pp. 405-411
    • Bottiger, B.W.1    Rouch, H.2    Bohrer, H.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.