Sources of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in New Zealand homes: Findings from a community randomized controlled trial of heater substitutions

Indoor Air

Volumn 18, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 521-528

  Gillespie Bennett, J ^a,d   Pierse, N ^a   Wickens, K ^a   Crane, J ^a   Nicholls, S ^a   Shields, D ^a   Boulic, M ^b   Viggers, H ^a   Baker, M ^a   Woodward, A ^c   Howden Chapman, P ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OTAGO   (New Zealand)

^b School of Engineering and Advanced Technology   (New Zealand)

^c UNIVERSITY OF AUCKLAND   (New Zealand)

^d UNIVERSITY OF OTAGO WELLINGTON   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

Asthma; Children; Housing; Nitrogen dioxide; Randomized community trial; Unflued gas heaters

Indexed keywords

GASES; SPACE HEATING;

% REDUCTIONS; ASTHMA; CHILD; GEOMETRIC MEAN; LIVING ROOM; MEAN RATIO; NEW ZEALAND; NO 2; RANDOMIZED COMMUNITY TRIAL; UNFLUED GAS HEATERS;

NITROGEN OXIDES;

EID: 56349144806     PISSN: 09056947     EISSN: 16000668     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2008.00554.x     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Asher, M., Barry, D., Clayton, T., Crane, J., D'Souza, W., Ellwood, P., Ford, R., Mackay, R., Mitchell, E., Moyes, C., Pattemore, P., Pearce, N. Stewart, A 2001) The burden of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivities and atopic eczema in children and adolescents in six New Zealand centres: ISAAC Phase One, N. Z. Med. J, 114, 114 120.
2. 2 augments the inflammatory response to inhaled allergen in asthmatics, Respir. Med., 96, 907 917.
3. Belanger, K., Gent, J., Triche, E., Bracken, M. Leaderer, B. (2006) Association of indoor nitrogen dioxide exposure with respiratory symptoms in children with asthma, Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 173, 297 303.
4. Brugge, D., Vallarino, J., Ascolillo, L., Osgood, N., Steinbach, S. Spengler, J. (2003) Comparison of multiple environmental factors for asthmatic children in public housing, Indoor Air, 13, 18 27.
5. Brunekreef, B. (2001) Nitrogen dioxide: the gas that won't go away, Clin. Exp. Allergy, 31, 1170 1172.
6. Chauhan, A. (1999) Gas cooking appliances and indoor air pollution, Clin. Exp. Allergy, 29, 1009 1013.
7. 2) and the severity of virus-induced asthma in children, Lancet, 361, 1939 1944.
8. Crane, J., Ellis, I., Siebers, R., Grimmet, D., Lewis, S. Fitzharris, P. (1998) A pilot study of the effect of mechanical ventilation and heat exchange on house-dust mites and Der p 1 in New Zealand, Allergy, 28, 755 762.
9. García-Algar, O., Pichini, S., Basagaña, X., Puig, C., Vall, O., Torrent, M., Harris, J., Sunyer, J., Cullinan, P. and AMICS group 2004) Concentrations and determinants of nitrogen dioxide in homes of Ashford, UK, and Barcelona and Menorca, Indoor Air, Spain, 14, 298 304.
10. García-Algar, O., Zapater, M., Figueroa, C., Vall, O., Basagaña, X., Sunyer, J., Freixa, A., Guardino, X Pichini, S 2003) Sources and concentrations of indoor nitrogen dioxide in Barcelona, Spain, J. Air Waste Manag. Assoc., 53, 1312 1317.
11. Garrett, M., Hooper, M., Hooper, B. Abramson, M. (1998) Respiratory symptoms in children and indoor exposure to nitrogen dioxide and gas stoves, Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 158, 891 895.
12. Gilbert, N.L., Gauvin, D., Guay, M., Héroux, M.E., Dupuis, G., Legris, M., Chan, C.C., Dietz, R.N. Lévesque, B 2006) Housing characteristics and indoor concentrations of nitrogen dioxide and formaldehyde in Quebec City, Canada, Environ. Res., 102, 1 8.
13. Heal, M., Kriby, C. Cope, J 2000) Systematic biases in measurement of urban nitrogen dioxide using passive diffusion samplers, Environ. Monit. Assess., 62, 39 54.
14. Howden-Chapman, P., Crane, J., Matheson, A., Viggers, H., Cunningham, M., Blakely, T., O'Dea, D., Cunningham, C., Woodward, A., Saville-Smith, K., Baker, M. Waipara, N 2005a) Retrofitting houses with insulation to reduce health inequalities: aims and methods of a clustered, randomised trial in community settings, Soc. Sci. Med., 61, 2600 2610.
15. Howden-Chapman, P., Saville-Smith, K., Crane, J. Wilson, N. (2005b) Risk factors for mold in housing: a national survey, Indoor Air, 15, 469 476.
16. Kingham, S. Petrovic, N. (2005) Turning up the heat! Nitrogen dioxide in Nelson homes, New Zealand, Clean Air Environ. Qual., 39, 34 39.
17. Levy, J.I., Lee, K., Spengler, J.D. Yanagisawa, Y 1998) Impact of residential nitrogen dioxide exposure on personal exposure: an international study, J Air Waste Manag. Assoc., 48, 553 560.
18. Lopez, A., Mathers, C., Ezzati, M., Jamison, D. Murray, C. (2006) Global and regional burden of disease and risk factors, 2001: systematic analysis of population health data, Lancet, 367, 1747 1757.
19. Melia, R., Florey, C., Darby, S., Palmes, E. Goldstein, B. (1977) Differences in nitrogen dioxide levels in kitchens with gas or electric cookers, Atmos. Environ., 12, 1379 1381.
20. Neas, L., Dockery, W., Ware, J., Spengler, J., Speizer, F. Ferris, B. (1991) Association of indoor nitrogen dioxide with respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function in children, Am. J. Epidemiol., 34, 204 219.
21. NIWA Science 2006) Climate Summary for Winter 2006, Available at: http://www.niwa.co.nz/ncc/cs/seasonal/sclimsum_06_3_winter [accessed in October 2007].
22. Palmes, E., Gunnison, A., DiMattio, J. Tomczyk, C. (1976) Personal sampler for nitrogen dioxide, Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J., 37, 570 577.
23. Pilotto, L., Douglas, R., Attewell, R. Wilson, S. (1997) Respiratory effects associated with indoor nitrogen dioxide exposure in children, Int. J. Epidemiol., 26, 788 795.
24. Pilotto, L.S., Nitschke, M., Smith, B.J., Pisaniello, D., Ruffin, R.E., McElroy, H.J., Martin, J. Hiller, J.E 2004) Randomized controlled trial of unflued gas heater replacement on respiratory health of asthmatic children, Int. J. Epidemiol., 33, 208 214.
25. 2 measurements by passive diffusion tube, Atmos. Environ., 38, 573 580.
26. Raw, G., Coward, S., Brown, V. Crump, D. (2004) Exposure to air pollutants in English homes, J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol., 14, S85 S94.
27. Sakai, K., Norbäck, D., Mi, Y., Shibata, E., Kamijima, M., Yamada, T. Takeuchi, Y 2004) A comparison of indoor air pollutants in Japan and Sweden: formaldehyde, nitrogen dioxide, and chlorinated volatile organic compounds, Environ. Res., 94, 75 85.
28. Samet, J. (1991) Indoor Air Pollution: a Health Perspective, Baltimore, John Hopkins University Press.
29. Satoshi, N., Hiroshi, N. Kazuho, M. (1993) Cross-sectional study on the health effects of gas cooking stoves in Japan, Indoor Air, 3, 210 214.
30. Simoni, M., Biavati, P., Carrozzi, L., Viegi, G., Paoletti, P., Matteucci, G., Ziliani, G., Ioannilli, E. Sapigni, T. (1998) The Po River delta (North Italy) indoor epidemiological study: home characteristics, indoor pollutants, and subjects' daily activity pattern, Indoor Air, 8, 70 79.
31. 2 exposure, Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 121, 3 10.
32. Tunnicliffe, W., Burge, P. Ayres, J. (1994) Effect of domestic concentrations of nitrogen dioxide on airway responses to inhaled allergen in asthmatic patients, Lancet, 344, 1733 1736.
33. Valent, F., Little, D.A., Bertollini, R., Nemer, L., Barbone, F. Tamburlini, G. (2004) Burden of disease attributable to selected environmental factors and injury among children and adolescents in Europe, Lancet, 363, 2032 2039.
34. WHO 1987) Air Quality Guidelines for Europe, European series No. 23. R. O. f. Europe, Copenhagen, Regional Office for Europe.
35. Willers, S., Brunekreef, B., Oldenwening, M., Smit, H., Kerkhof, M. Vries, H. (2006) Gas cooking, kitchen ventilation, and exposure to combustion products, Indoor Air, 16, 65 73.