메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 30, Issue 10, 2008, Pages 1318-1337

Rheological properties of the tissues of the central nervous system: A review

Author keywords

Brain; Mechanical properties; Rheological properties; Spinal cord; Viscoelasticity

Indexed keywords

BIOMECHANICS; DOSIMETRY; HISTOLOGY; RHEOLOGY; TISSUE;

EID: 56249141782     PISSN: 13504533     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2008.06.003     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (185)

References (62)
  • 1
    • 77953411913 scopus 로고
    • Mechanics of head injuries
    • Holbourn A. Mechanics of head injuries. Lancet 2 (1943) 1057-1065
    • (1943) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 1057-1065
    • Holbourn, A.1
  • 3
    • 0001418111 scopus 로고
    • Dynamic mechanical properties of human brain tissue
    • Fallenstein G.T., Hulce V.D., and Melvin J.W. Dynamic mechanical properties of human brain tissue. J Biomech 2 3 (1969) 217-226
    • (1969) J Biomech , vol.2 , Issue.3 , pp. 217-226
    • Fallenstein, G.T.1    Hulce, V.D.2    Melvin, J.W.3
  • 4
    • 0035666195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large strain behaviour of brain tissue in shear: some experimental data and differential constitutive model
    • Bilston L.E., Liu Z., and Phan-Thien N. Large strain behaviour of brain tissue in shear: some experimental data and differential constitutive model. Biorheology 38 4 (2001) 335-345
    • (2001) Biorheology , vol.38 , Issue.4 , pp. 335-345
    • Bilston, L.E.1    Liu, Z.2    Phan-Thien, N.3
  • 5
    • 0015473677 scopus 로고
    • Rheological response of human brain tissue in shear
    • Shuck L., and Advani S. Rheological response of human brain tissue in shear. J Basic Eng (1972) 905-911
    • (1972) J Basic Eng , pp. 905-911
    • Shuck, L.1    Advani, S.2
  • 6
    • 33750037624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mechanical behaviour of brain tissue: large strain response and constitutive modelling
    • Hrapko M., van Dommelen J.A., Peters G.W., and Wismans J.S. The mechanical behaviour of brain tissue: large strain response and constitutive modelling. Biorheology 43 5 (2006) 623-636
    • (2006) Biorheology , vol.43 , Issue.5 , pp. 623-636
    • Hrapko, M.1    van Dommelen, J.A.2    Peters, G.W.3    Wismans, J.S.4
  • 7
    • 0000125936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The large shear strain dynamic behaviour of in-vitro porcine brain tissue and a silicone gel model material
    • Brands D.W., Bovendeerd P.H., Peters G.W., and Wismans J.S. The large shear strain dynamic behaviour of in-vitro porcine brain tissue and a silicone gel model material. Stapp Car Crash J 44 (2000) 249-260
    • (2000) Stapp Car Crash J , vol.44 , pp. 249-260
    • Brands, D.W.1    Bovendeerd, P.H.2    Peters, G.W.3    Wismans, J.S.4
  • 8
    • 19344366952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shear linear behavior of brain tissue over a large frequency range
    • Nicolle S., Lounis M., Willinger R., and Palierne J.F. Shear linear behavior of brain tissue over a large frequency range. Biorheology 42 3 (2005) 209-223
    • (2005) Biorheology , vol.42 , Issue.3 , pp. 209-223
    • Nicolle, S.1    Lounis, M.2    Willinger, R.3    Palierne, J.F.4
  • 9
    • 0030833722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The applicability of the time/temperature superposition principle to brain tissue
    • Peters G.W., Meulman J.H., and Sauren A.A. The applicability of the time/temperature superposition principle to brain tissue. Biorheology 34 2 (1997) 127-138
    • (1997) Biorheology , vol.34 , Issue.2 , pp. 127-138
    • Peters, G.W.1    Meulman, J.H.2    Sauren, A.A.3
  • 10
    • 33751513742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unconfined compression of white matter
    • Cheng S., and Bilston L.E. Unconfined compression of white matter. J Biomech 40 1 (2007) 117-124
    • (2007) J Biomech , vol.40 , Issue.1 , pp. 117-124
    • Cheng, S.1    Bilston, L.E.2
  • 11
    • 0014745977 scopus 로고
    • A viscoelastic study of scalp, brain, and dura
    • Galford J.E., and McElhaney J.H. A viscoelastic study of scalp, brain, and dura. J Biomech 3 2 (1970) 211-221
    • (1970) J Biomech , vol.3 , Issue.2 , pp. 211-221
    • Galford, J.E.1    McElhaney, J.H.2
  • 13
    • 0028375889 scopus 로고
    • Indentation analysis of biphasic articular cartilage: nonlinear phenomena under finite deformation
    • Suh J.K., and Spilker R.L. Indentation analysis of biphasic articular cartilage: nonlinear phenomena under finite deformation. J Biomech Eng 116 1 (1994) 1-9
    • (1994) J Biomech Eng , vol.116 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-9
    • Suh, J.K.1    Spilker, R.L.2
  • 14
    • 0035226113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Finite element biphasic indentation of cartilage: a comparison of experimental indenter and physiological contact geometries
    • Warner M.D., Taylor W.R., and Clift S.E. Finite element biphasic indentation of cartilage: a comparison of experimental indenter and physiological contact geometries. Proc Inst Mech Eng [H] 215 5 (2001) 487-496
    • (2001) Proc Inst Mech Eng [H] , vol.215 , Issue.5 , pp. 487-496
    • Warner, M.D.1    Taylor, W.R.2    Clift, S.E.3
  • 15
    • 3242688027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are in vivo and in situ brain tissues mechanically similar?
    • Gefen A., and Margulies S.S. Are in vivo and in situ brain tissues mechanically similar?. J Biomech 37 9 (2004) 1339-1352
    • (2004) J Biomech , vol.37 , Issue.9 , pp. 1339-1352
    • Gefen, A.1    Margulies, S.S.2
  • 16
    • 7244262065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Method of testing very soft biological tissues in compression
    • Miller K. Method of testing very soft biological tissues in compression. J Biomech 38 1 (2005) 153-158
    • (2005) J Biomech , vol.38 , Issue.1 , pp. 153-158
    • Miller, K.1
  • 17
    • 0021507528 scopus 로고
    • Calculation of brain elastic parameters in vivo
    • Walsh E.K., and Schettini A. Calculation of brain elastic parameters in vivo. Am J Physiol 247 (1984) R693-R700
    • (1984) Am J Physiol , vol.247
    • Walsh, E.K.1    Schettini, A.2
  • 18
    • 0020061839 scopus 로고
    • Mechanical and neurological response of cat spinal cord under static loading
    • Hung T.K., Lin H.S., Bunegin L., and Albin M.S. Mechanical and neurological response of cat spinal cord under static loading. Surg Neurol 17 3 (1982) 213-217
    • (1982) Surg Neurol , vol.17 , Issue.3 , pp. 213-217
    • Hung, T.K.1    Lin, H.S.2    Bunegin, L.3    Albin, M.S.4
  • 19
    • 0030910158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Viscoelastic relaxation and regional blood flow response to spinal cord compression and decompression
    • Carlson G.D., Warden K.E., Barbeau J.M., Bahniuk E., Kutina-Nelson K.L., Biro C.L., et al. Viscoelastic relaxation and regional blood flow response to spinal cord compression and decompression. Spine 22 12 (1997) 1285-1291
    • (1997) Spine , vol.22 , Issue.12 , pp. 1285-1291
    • Carlson, G.D.1    Warden, K.E.2    Barbeau, J.M.3    Bahniuk, E.4    Kutina-Nelson, K.L.5    Biro, C.L.6
  • 20
    • 0037099667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Animal models used in spinal cord regeneration research
    • Kwon B.K., Oxland T.R., and Wolfram T. Animal models used in spinal cord regeneration research. Spine 27 14 (2002) 1504-1510
    • (2002) Spine , vol.27 , Issue.14 , pp. 1504-1510
    • Kwon, B.K.1    Oxland, T.R.2    Wolfram, T.3
  • 21
    • 0036203451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanical properties of brain tissue in tension
    • Miller K., and Chinzei K. Mechanical properties of brain tissue in tension. J Biomech 35 4 (2002) 483-490
    • (2002) J Biomech , vol.35 , Issue.4 , pp. 483-490
    • Miller, K.1    Chinzei, K.2
  • 22
    • 32944481471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anisotropic constitutive equations and experimental tensile behavior of brain tissue
    • Velardi F., Fraternali F., and Angelillo M. Anisotropic constitutive equations and experimental tensile behavior of brain tissue. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 5 1 (2006) 53-61
    • (2006) Biomech Model Mechanobiol , vol.5 , Issue.1 , pp. 53-61
    • Velardi, F.1    Fraternali, F.2    Angelillo, M.3
  • 23
    • 0019479938 scopus 로고
    • Stress-strain measurement of the spinal cord of puppies and their neurological evaluation
    • Chang G.L., Hung T.K., Bleyaert A., and Jannetta P.J. Stress-strain measurement of the spinal cord of puppies and their neurological evaluation. J Trauma 21 9 (1981) 807-810
    • (1981) J Trauma , vol.21 , Issue.9 , pp. 807-810
    • Chang, G.L.1    Hung, T.K.2    Bleyaert, A.3    Jannetta, P.J.4
  • 24
    • 0024017412 scopus 로고
    • An in-vivo measurement and analysis of viscoelastic properties of the spinal cord of cats
    • Chang G.L., Hung T.K., and Feng W.W. An in-vivo measurement and analysis of viscoelastic properties of the spinal cord of cats. J Biomech Eng 110 2 (1988) 115-122
    • (1988) J Biomech Eng , vol.110 , Issue.2 , pp. 115-122
    • Chang, G.L.1    Hung, T.K.2    Feng, W.W.3
  • 25
    • 0019533422 scopus 로고
    • Biomechanical and neurological response of the spinal cord of a puppy to uniaxial tension
    • Hung T.K., and Chang G.L. Biomechanical and neurological response of the spinal cord of a puppy to uniaxial tension. J Biomech Eng 103 1 (1981) 43-47
    • (1981) J Biomech Eng , vol.103 , Issue.1 , pp. 43-47
    • Hung, T.K.1    Chang, G.L.2
  • 26
    • 0019456884 scopus 로고
    • Stress-strain relationship and neurological sequelae of uniaxial elongation of the spinal cord of cats
    • Hung T.K., Chang G.L., Chang J.L., and Albin M.S. Stress-strain relationship and neurological sequelae of uniaxial elongation of the spinal cord of cats. Surg Neurol 15 6 (1981) 471-476
    • (1981) Surg Neurol , vol.15 , Issue.6 , pp. 471-476
    • Hung, T.K.1    Chang, G.L.2    Chang, J.L.3    Albin, M.S.4
  • 27
    • 0019468398 scopus 로고
    • Stress-strain relationship of the spinal cord of anesthetized cats
    • Hung T.K., Chang G.L., Lin H.S., Walter F.R., and Bunegin L. Stress-strain relationship of the spinal cord of anesthetized cats. J Biomech 14 4 (1981) 269-276
    • (1981) J Biomech , vol.14 , Issue.4 , pp. 269-276
    • Hung, T.K.1    Chang, G.L.2    Lin, H.S.3    Walter, F.R.4    Bunegin, L.5
  • 28
    • 19744361846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mechanical properties of rat spinal cord in vitro
    • Fiford R.J., and Bilston L.E. The mechanical properties of rat spinal cord in vitro. J Biomech 38 7 (2005) 1509-1515
    • (2005) J Biomech , vol.38 , Issue.7 , pp. 1509-1515
    • Fiford, R.J.1    Bilston, L.E.2
  • 29
    • 33746464571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The biomechanical response of spinal cord tissue to uniaxial loading
    • Oakland R.J., Hall R.M., Wilcox R.K., and Barton D.C. The biomechanical response of spinal cord tissue to uniaxial loading. Proc Inst Mech Eng [H] 220 4 (2006) 489-492
    • (2006) Proc Inst Mech Eng [H] , vol.220 , Issue.4 , pp. 489-492
    • Oakland, R.J.1    Hall, R.M.2    Wilcox, R.K.3    Barton, D.C.4
  • 30
    • 0030030502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mechanical properties of the human cervical spinal cord in vitro
    • Bilston L.E., and Thibault L.E. The mechanical properties of the human cervical spinal cord in vitro. Ann Biomed Eng 24 1 (1996) 67-74
    • (1996) Ann Biomed Eng , vol.24 , Issue.1 , pp. 67-74
    • Bilston, L.E.1    Thibault, L.E.2
  • 31
    • 0026832853 scopus 로고
    • Elastomechanical characterization of brain tissues
    • Sahay K.B., Mehrotra R., Sachdeva U., and Banerji A.K. Elastomechanical characterization of brain tissues. J Biomech 25 3 (1992) 319-326
    • (1992) J Biomech , vol.25 , Issue.3 , pp. 319-326
    • Sahay, K.B.1    Mehrotra, R.2    Sachdeva, U.3    Banerji, A.K.4
  • 32
    • 0018927953 scopus 로고
    • Physiological features of the pressure-volume function of brain elasticity in man
    • Sklar F.H., Beyer Jr. C.W., and Clark W.K. Physiological features of the pressure-volume function of brain elasticity in man. J Neurosurg 53 2 (1980) 166-172
    • (1980) J Neurosurg , vol.53 , Issue.2 , pp. 166-172
    • Sklar, F.H.1    Beyer Jr., C.W.2    Clark, W.K.3
  • 33
  • 34
    • 17844372723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The high frequency properties of brain tissue
    • Lippert S.A., Rang E.M., and Grimm M.J. The high frequency properties of brain tissue. Biorheology 41 6 (2004) 681-691
    • (2004) Biorheology , vol.41 , Issue.6 , pp. 681-691
    • Lippert, S.A.1    Rang, E.M.2    Grimm, M.J.3
  • 35
    • 0029925507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic resonance elastography
    • Muthupillai R., and Ehman R.L. Magnetic resonance elastography. Nat Med 2 5 (1996) 601-603
    • (1996) Nat Med , vol.2 , Issue.5 , pp. 601-603
    • Muthupillai, R.1    Ehman, R.L.2
  • 36
    • 50049102447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo brain viscoelastic properties measured by magnetic resonance elastography
    • Green M., Bilston L., and Sinkus R. In vivo brain viscoelastic properties measured by magnetic resonance elastography. NMR Biomed 21 (2008) 755-764
    • (2008) NMR Biomed , vol.21 , pp. 755-764
    • Green, M.1    Bilston, L.2    Sinkus, R.3
  • 37
    • 33751331428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional analysis of shear wave propagation observed by in vivo magnetic resonance elastography of the brain
    • Hamhaber U., Sack I., Papazoglou S., Rump J., Klatt D., and Braun J. Three-dimensional analysis of shear wave propagation observed by in vivo magnetic resonance elastography of the brain. Acta Biomater 3 1 (2007) 127-137
    • (2007) Acta Biomater , vol.3 , Issue.1 , pp. 127-137
    • Hamhaber, U.1    Sack, I.2    Papazoglou, S.3    Rump, J.4    Klatt, D.5    Braun, J.6
  • 38
    • 34248229199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards a reliable characterisation of the mechanical behaviour of brain tissue: the effects of post-mortem time and sample preparation
    • Garo A., Hrapko M., van Dommelen J.A., and Peters G.W. Towards a reliable characterisation of the mechanical behaviour of brain tissue: the effects of post-mortem time and sample preparation. Biorheology 44 1 (2007) 51-58
    • (2007) Biorheology , vol.44 , Issue.1 , pp. 51-58
    • Garo, A.1    Hrapko, M.2    van Dommelen, J.A.3    Peters, G.W.4
  • 40
    • 19344372816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shear properties of brain tissue over a frequency range relevant for automotive impact situations: new experimental results
    • Nicolle S., Lounis M., and Willinger R. Shear properties of brain tissue over a frequency range relevant for automotive impact situations: new experimental results. Stapp Car Crash J 48 (2004) 239-258
    • (2004) Stapp Car Crash J , vol.48 , pp. 239-258
    • Nicolle, S.1    Lounis, M.2    Willinger, R.3
  • 41
    • 0031281385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shear properties of human brain tissue
    • Donnelly B.R., and Medige J. Shear properties of human brain tissue. J Biomech Eng 119 4 (1997) 423-432
    • (1997) J Biomech Eng , vol.119 , Issue.4 , pp. 423-432
    • Donnelly, B.R.1    Medige, J.2
  • 42
    • 0036113663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional, directional, and age-dependent properties of the brain undergoing large deformation
    • Prange M.T., and Margulies S.S. Regional, directional, and age-dependent properties of the brain undergoing large deformation. J Biomech Eng 124 2 (2002) 244-252
    • (2002) J Biomech Eng , vol.124 , Issue.2 , pp. 244-252
    • Prange, M.T.1    Margulies, S.S.2
  • 43
    • 0032167818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Material characterization of the brainstem from oscillatory shear tests
    • Arbogast K.B., and Margulies S.S. Material characterization of the brainstem from oscillatory shear tests. J Biomech 31 9 (1998) 801-807
    • (1998) J Biomech , vol.31 , Issue.9 , pp. 801-807
    • Arbogast, K.B.1    Margulies, S.S.2
  • 44
    • 0032432603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-dependent material properties of the porcine cerebrum: effect on pediatric inertial head injury criteria
    • Thibault K.L., and Margulies S.S. Age-dependent material properties of the porcine cerebrum: effect on pediatric inertial head injury criteria. J Biomech 31 12 (1998) 1119-1126
    • (1998) J Biomech , vol.31 , Issue.12 , pp. 1119-1126
    • Thibault, K.L.1    Margulies, S.S.2
  • 45
    • 0345447530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-dependent changes in material properties of the brain and braincase of the rat
    • Gefen A., Gefen N., Zhu Q., Raghupathi R., and Margulies S.S. Age-dependent changes in material properties of the brain and braincase of the rat. J Neurotrauma 20 11 (2003) 1163-1177
    • (2003) J Neurotrauma , vol.20 , Issue.11 , pp. 1163-1177
    • Gefen, A.1    Gefen, N.2    Zhu, Q.3    Raghupathi, R.4    Margulies, S.S.5
  • 46
    • 0031463038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linear viscoelastic properties of bovine brain tissue in shear
    • Bilston L., Liu Z., and Phan-Thien N. Linear viscoelastic properties of bovine brain tissue in shear. Biorheology 34 (1997) 377-385
    • (1997) Biorheology , vol.34 , pp. 377-385
    • Bilston, L.1    Liu, Z.2    Phan-Thien, N.3
  • 48
    • 0345735673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of effects of friction on the deformation behavior of soft tissues in unconfined compression tests
    • Wu J., Dong R., and Schopper A. Analysis of effects of friction on the deformation behavior of soft tissues in unconfined compression tests. J Biomech 37 (2004) 147-155
    • (2004) J Biomech , vol.37 , pp. 147-155
    • Wu, J.1    Dong, R.2    Schopper, A.3
  • 49
    • 0042921443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lubricated squeezing flow: a useful method for measuring the viscoelastic properties of soft tissues
    • Nasseri S., Bilston L., and Tanner R. Lubricated squeezing flow: a useful method for measuring the viscoelastic properties of soft tissues. Biorheology 40 5 (2003) 545-551
    • (2003) Biorheology , vol.40 , Issue.5 , pp. 545-551
    • Nasseri, S.1    Bilston, L.2    Tanner, R.3
  • 50
    • 0031279749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constitutive modelling of brain tissue: experiment and theory
    • Miller K., and Chinzei K. Constitutive modelling of brain tissue: experiment and theory. J Biomech 30 11/12 (1997) 1115-1121
    • (1997) J Biomech , vol.30 , Issue.11-12 , pp. 1115-1121
    • Miller, K.1    Chinzei, K.2
  • 52
    • 0019776511 scopus 로고
    • Viscoelastic properties of human brain-for the analysis of impact injury
    • Hirakawa K., Hashizume K., and Hayashi T. Viscoelastic properties of human brain-for the analysis of impact injury. No To Shinkei 33 10 (1981) 1057-1065
    • (1981) No To Shinkei , vol.33 , Issue.10 , pp. 1057-1065
    • Hirakawa, K.1    Hashizume, K.2    Hayashi, T.3
  • 54
    • 11144328652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the importance of nonlinearity of brain tissue under large deformations
    • Takhounts E.G., Crandall J.R., and Darvish K. On the importance of nonlinearity of brain tissue under large deformations. Stapp Car Crash J 47 (2003) 79-92
    • (2003) Stapp Car Crash J , vol.47 , pp. 79-92
    • Takhounts, E.G.1    Crandall, J.R.2    Darvish, K.3
  • 56
    • 0017808733 scopus 로고
    • Elasticity of the spinal cord, pia, and denticulate ligament in the dog
    • Tunturi A.R. Elasticity of the spinal cord, pia, and denticulate ligament in the dog. J Neurosurg 48 6 (1978) 975-979
    • (1978) J Neurosurg , vol.48 , Issue.6 , pp. 975-979
    • Tunturi, A.R.1
  • 57
    • 0035490859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of spinal cord gray matter and white matter softness: measurement by pipette aspiration method
    • Ozawa H., Matsumoto T., Ohashi T., Sato M., and Kokubun S. Comparison of spinal cord gray matter and white matter softness: measurement by pipette aspiration method. J Neurosurg 95 Suppl. 2 (2001) 221-224
    • (2001) J Neurosurg , vol.95 , Issue.SUPPL. 2 , pp. 221-224
    • Ozawa, H.1    Matsumoto, T.2    Ohashi, T.3    Sato, M.4    Kokubun, S.5
  • 58
    • 0035292810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gray matter of the bovine cervical spinal cord is mechanically more rigid and fragile than the white matter
    • Ichihara K., Taguchi T., Shimada Y., Sakuramoto I., Kawano S., and Kawai S. Gray matter of the bovine cervical spinal cord is mechanically more rigid and fragile than the white matter. J Neurotrauma 18 3 (2001) 361-367
    • (2001) J Neurotrauma , vol.18 , Issue.3 , pp. 361-367
    • Ichihara, K.1    Taguchi, T.2    Shimada, Y.3    Sakuramoto, I.4    Kawano, S.5    Kawai, S.6
  • 59
    • 0019265303 scopus 로고
    • Viscoelasticity of dog spinal cord
    • Tunturi A.R. Viscoelasticity of dog spinal cord. Physiol Chem Phys 12 4 (1980) 373-378
    • (1980) Physiol Chem Phys , vol.12 , Issue.4 , pp. 373-378
    • Tunturi, A.R.1
  • 60
    • 33750331504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modified Bilston nonlinear viscoelastic model for finite element head injury studies
    • Shen F., Tay T.E., Li J.Z., Nigen S., Lee P.V., and Chan H.K. Modified Bilston nonlinear viscoelastic model for finite element head injury studies. J Biomech Eng 128 5 (2006) 797-801
    • (2006) J Biomech Eng , vol.128 , Issue.5 , pp. 797-801
    • Shen, F.1    Tay, T.E.2    Li, J.Z.3    Nigen, S.4    Lee, P.V.5    Chan, H.K.6
  • 61
    • 0029408365 scopus 로고
    • Biomechanical characterization of the constitutive relationship for the brainstem
    • Arbogast K., Meaney D., and Thibault L. Biomechanical characterization of the constitutive relationship for the brainstem. Proc Soc Automotive Eng (1995) 153-159
    • (1995) Proc Soc Automotive Eng , pp. 153-159
    • Arbogast, K.1    Meaney, D.2    Thibault, L.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.