Substance abuse in different school systems in Trinidad and Tobago: A controlled study of children with disabilities and their drug use

International Journal on Disability and Human Development

Volumn 6, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 29-38

  Konings, Monique ^a,b   Maharajh, Hari D ^b   Dip Clin Neuro, Dip Clin ^b  

^a Mental Health Care   (Netherlands)

^b UNIVERSITY OF THE WEST INDIES   (Jamaica)

Author keywords

adolescence; alcohol; cannabis; disabilities; grammar; school; Tobago; Trinidad; vocational

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE; ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION; ARTICLE; CANNABIS ADDICTION; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISABILITY; FAMILY; FEMALE; GENDER; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PEER GROUP; RELIGION; SCHOOL CHILD; SUBSTANCE ABUSE; TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO; VOCATIONAL EDUCATION;

EID: 56149102867     PISSN: 21911231     EISSN: 21910367     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1515/IJDHD.2007.6.1.29     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Rossow I, Groholt, Wichstrom L. Intoxicants and suicidal behaviour among adolescents: changes in levels and associations from 1992 to 2002. Addiction 2005;100(l):79-88.
2. Berggren F, Nystedt P. Changes in alcohol consumption: an analysis of self-reported use of alcohol in a Swedish national sample 1988-89 and 1996-97. Scand J Public Health 2006;34(3):304-l 1.
3. Poelen FA, Scholte RH, Engels RC, Boomsma DI, Willemsen G. Prevalence and trends of alcohol use and misuse among adolescents and young adults in the Netherlands from 1993 to 2000. Drug Alcohol Depend 2005;79(3):413-21.
4. Javier Alvarez F, Fierro I, Carmen del Rio M. Alcohol-related social consequences in Castille and Leon, Spain. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2006; 30(4):656-64.
5. Haggard-Grann U, Hallqvist J, Langstrom N, Moller J. The role of alcohol and drugs in triggering criminal violence: a case-crossover study. Addiction 2006; 101 (1): 100-8.
6. Hall WD. Cannabis use and the mental health of young people. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2006;40(2): 105-13.
7. Nishimura ST, Goebert DA, Ramisetty-Mikler S, Caetano R. Adolescent alcohol use and suicide indicators among adolescents in Hawaii. Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol 2005; 11(4):309-20.
8. Ferdinand RF, Sondeijker F, van der Ende J, Selten JP, Huizink A, Verhulst FC. Cannabis use predicts future psychotic symptoms, and vice versa. Addiction 2005; 100(5):612-8.
9. Fergusson DM, Horwood LJ, Ridder EM. Tests of causal linkages between cannabis use and psychotic symptoms. Addiction 2005; 100(3):354-66.
10. Perkonigg A, Lieb R, Hofler M, Schuster P, Sonntag H, Wittchen HU. Patterns of cannabis use, abuse and dependence over time: incidence, progression and stability in a sample of 1228 adolescents. Addiction 1999;94(11):1663-78.
11. Black S, Casswell S. Recreational drug use in New Zealand. Drug Alcohol Rev 1993;12(l):37-47.
12. Coffey C, Carlin JB, Degenhardt L, Lynskey M, Sanci L, Patton GC. Cannabis dependence in young adults: an Australian population study. Addiction 2002;97(2): 187-94.
13. Kohn L, Kittel F, Piette D. Peer, family integration and other determinants of cannabis use among teenagers. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2004; 16(4): 359-70.
14. Hollar D. Risk behaviours for varying categories of disability in NELS: 88. J Sch Health 2005; 75(9):350-8.
15. Blum RW, Kelly A, Ireland M. Health-risk behaviours and protective factors among adolescents with mobility impairments and learning and emotional disabilities. J Adolesc Health 2001; 28(6):481-90.
16. Faeh D, Viswanathan B, Chiolero A, Warren W, Bovet P. Clustering of smoking, alcohol drinking and cannabis use in adolescents in a rapidly developing country. BMC Public Health 2006; 6(1):169.
17. Abdulkarim AA, Mokuolu OA, Adeniyi A. Drug use among adolescents in Ilorin, Nigeria. Trop Doct 2005;35(4):225-8.
18. Von Sydow K, Lieb R, Pfister H, Hofler M, Sonntag H, Wittchen HU. The natural course of cannabis use, abuse and dependence over four years: a longitudinal community study of adolescents and young adults. Drug Alcohol Depend 2001;64(3):347-61.
19. Rumpold G, Klingseis M, Dornauer K, Kopp M, Doering S, Hofer S, Mumelter B, Schussler G. Psychotropic substance abuse among adolescents: a structural equation model on risk and protective factors. Subst Use Misuse 2006;41 (8): 1155-69.
20. Ljubotina D, Galic J, Jukic V. Prevalence and risk factors of substance use among urban adolescents: questionnaire study. Croat Med J 2004;45(1):88-98.
21. Afiah MZ, Hejar AR, Kulanthaven KC, Fadhilah J, Law TH. Prevalence of smoking and drinking habits among Form Six students in Petaling District, Selangor. Med J Malaysia 2006;61(l):41-7.
22. de Souza DP, Areco KN, da Silveira Filho DX. Alcohol and alcoholism among Brazilian adolescent public-school students. Rev Saude Publica 2005; 39(4):585-92. [Portuguese]
23. Zaborkis A, Sumskas L, Maser M, Pudule I. Trends in drinking habits among adolescents in the Baltic countries over the period of transition: HBSC survey results, 1993-2002. BMC Public Health 2006; 15;6:67.
24. Best D, Manning V, Gossop M, Gross S, Strang J. Excessive drinking and other problem behaviours among 14-16 year old schoolchildren. Addict Behav 2006;24: [Epub ahead of print]
25. Yeh MY. Factors associated with alcohol consumption, problem drinking, and related consequences among high school students in Taiwan. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2006;60(l):46-54.
26. Weitzman ER, Chen YY. The co-occurrence of smoking and drinking among young adults in college: national survey results from the United States. Drug Alcohol Depend 2005;80(3):377-86.
27. Singh H, Maharaj HD, Shipp M. Pattern of substance abuse among secondary school students in Trinidad and Tobago. Public Health 1991; 105 (6):435-41.
28. Maharajh, H.D. Cannabis-head cause of psychosis. Trinidad Guardian, 21 February 2005:25.
29. Maharajh HD, Konings M. Suicidal behaviour and cannabis-related disorders among adolescents. In: Merrick J, Zalsman G, eds. Suicidal behavior in adolescence. An international perspective. Tel Aviv, Israel: Freund Publishing, 2005; 119-29.
30. Singh H, Mustapha N. Some factors associated with substance abuse among secondary school students in Trinidad and Tobago. J Drug Educ 1994;24(l):83-93.
31. Chung PK. Drug abuse in Jamaican urban secondary educational institutions; a survey in four schools. Master thesis. Mona, Jamaica: Univ West Indies, 1986.
32. Gordon F. Drug abuse in all-age schools. Master thesis. Mona, Jamaica: Univ West Indies, 1995.
33. Sharma KLD. Present trends in drug use and abuse in new secondary schools in the Kingston Metropolitan Area. Master thesis. Mona, Jamaica: Univ West Indies, 1995.
34. Douglas K-G. Patterns of substance use and abuse among post-primary students in Jamaica: National Adolescent Students' Drug Survey 1997/1998. Jamaica: Planning Inst Jamaica, Policy Dev Unit Work Paper, 2000.
35. Soyibo K, Lee MG. Use of illicit drugs among high-school students in Jamaica. Bull World Health Organ 1999;77(3):258-62.
36. Taylor M, Jinabhai CC, Naidoo K, Kleinschmidt I, Dlamini SB. An epidemiological perspective of substance use among high school pupils in rural KwaZulu-Natal. S Afr Med J 2003;93(2): 136-40.
37. Brook U, Tepper A. Consumption, knowledge and attitudes of high school pupils towards alcohol and alcoholism: the Israeli experience. Patient Educ Couns 2002;47(2): 115-9.
38. Rey JM. Martin A. Krabman P. Is the party over? Cannabis and juvenile psychiatric disorder: the past 10 years. Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatr 2004;43(10): 1194-205.
39. McDermott RJ, Clark-Alexander BJ, Westhoff WW, Eaton DK. Alcohol attitudes and beliefs related to actual alcohol experience in a fifth-grade cohort. J Sch Health 1999;69(9):356-61.
40. Konings M, Maharajh HD. Cannabis use and mood disorders: patterns of clinical presentations among adolescents in a developing country. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2006;18(2):221-33.
41. van den Bree MB. Pickworth WB. Risk factors predicting changes in marijuana involvement in teenagers. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2005;62(3):311-9.