Leishmaniases' burden of disease: Ways forward for getting from speculation to reality

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases

Volumn 2, Issue 10, 2008, Pages

  Reithinger, Richard ^a,b  

^a LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE AND TROPICAL MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

^b GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTILEISHMANIAL AGENT;

ARTICLE; CARDIOTOXICITY; DIABETES MELLITUS; DISEASE DURATION; ENDEMIC DISEASE; GASTROENTERITIS; HEALTH CARE COST; HEALTH PROGRAM; HUMAN; INFECTION CONTROL; INFECTION RATE; LEISHMANIASIS; LIVER TOXICITY; MORTALITY; MYALGIA; NONHUMAN; PANCREATITIS; PARASITE TRANSMISSION; PHYSICAL DISABILITY; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; STANDARDIZATION; WORK DISABILITY; ECONOMICS; HEALTH; NOTE;

COMMUNICABLE DISEASE CONTROL; HUMANS; LEISHMANIASIS; WORLD HEALTH;

EID: 56149093207     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000285     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Bern C, Maguire JH, Alvar J (2008) Complexities of assessing the disease burden attributable to leishmaniasis. PLoS Neg Trop Dis 2: E313. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000313.
2. King CH, Bertino AM (2008) Asymmetries of poverty: Why global burden of disease valuations underestimate the burden of neglected tropical diseases. PLoS Neg Trop Dis 2: E209. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000209.
3. Singer BH, Ryff CD (2007) Neglected tropical diseases, neglected data sources, and neglected issues. PLoS Neg Trop Dis 1: E104 doi:10.1371/ journal.pntd.0000104.
4. World Health Organization (2008) Leishmaniasis: Burden of disease. Available: Http://www.who.int/leishmaniasis/burden/en. Accessed 18 September 2008.
5. Chappuis F, Sundar S, Hailu A, Ghalib H, Rijal S, et al. (2007) Visceral leishmaniasis: What are the needs for diagnosis, treatment and control? Nature Rev Microbiol 5: 873-882.
6. Reithinger R, Dujardin JC, Louzir H, Pirmez C, Alexander B, et al. (2007) Cutaneous leishmaniasis. Lancet Infect Dis 7: 581-596.
7. Walsh JA, Warren KS (1979) Selective primary health care: An interim strategy for disease control in developing countries. N Engl J Med 301: 967-974.
8. World Health Organization (1981) Epidemiology of the leishmaniases. Report of the Third Meeting of the Scientific Working Group on Leishmaniases TDR. Geneva: World Health Organization.
9. World Health Organization (1990) Leishmaniasis. WHO Tech Rep See No. 793. Geneva: World Health Organization.
10. Ashford RW, Desjeux P, de Raadt P (1992) Estimation of population at risk of infection and number of cases of leishmaniasis. Parasitol Today 8: 104-105.
11. Desjeux P (2001) The increase in risk factors for leishmaniasis worldwide. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 95: 239-243.
12. Desjeux P (2004) Disease watch: Leishmaniasis. Nature Rev Microbiol 2: 692-693.
13. World Health Organization (2004) The world health report 2004. Changing history. Geneva: World Health Organization, Available: http://www.who.int/whr/2004/en/index.html. Accessed 18 September 2008.
14. Lopez AD, Mathers C, Ezzati M, Jamison DT, Murray CJL, eds (2006) Global burden of disease and risk factors. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
15. Seaman J, Mercer AJ, Sondorp E (1996) The epidemic of visceral leishmaniasis in western Upper Nile, southern Sudan: Course and impact from 1984 to 1994. Int J Epidemiol 25: 862-871.
16. Dye C, Williams BG (1993) Malnutrition, age and the risk of parasitic disease: Visceral leishmaniasis revisited. Proc Biol Sci 254: 33-39.
17. Collin SM, Coleman PG, Ritmeijer K, Davidson RN (2006) Unseen kala-azar deaths in south Sudan. Trop Med Int Health 11: 505-512.
18. Ter Horst R, Collin SM, Ritmeijer K, Bogale A, Davidson RN (2008) Concordant HIV infection and visceral leishmaniasis in Ethiopia: The influence of antiretroviral treatment and other factors on outcome. Clin Infect Dis 46: 1702-1709.
19. Copeland HW, Arana BA, Navin TR (1990) Comparison of active and passive case detection of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Guatemala. Am J Trop Med Hyg 43: 257-259.
20. Kolaczinski JH, Reithinger R, Worku DT, Ocheng A, Kasimiro J, et al. (2008) Risk factors of visceral leishmaniasis in East Africa: A case-control study in Pokot territory of Kenya and Uganda. Int J Epidemiol 37: 344-352.
21. Kassi M, Kassi M, Afghan AK, Rehman R, Kasi PM (2008) Marring leishmaniasis: The stigmatization and the the impact of cutaneous leischmaniasis in Pakistan and Afghanistan. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2: E259. doi:10.1371/journal. pntd.0000259.
22. Meheus F, Boelaert M, Baltussen R, Sundar S (2006) Costs of patient management of visceral leishmaniasis in Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India. Trop Med Int Health 11: 1715-1724.
23. World Health Organization (2005) Malaria indicator survey: Basic documentation for survey design and implementation. Available: http://www.rbm.who.int/merg.html#MIS. Accessed 18 September 2008.
24. Asaolu SO, Caines K, Crompton DWT, Diallo AS, Ndiaye JM, et al. (2008) Methodology for evaluation of neglected tropical disease control programmes at country level. Geneva: World Health Organization.
25. King CH, Dickman K, Tisch DJ (2005) Reassessment of the cost of chronic helminthic infection: A meta-analysis of disabiity-related outcomes in endemic schistosomiasis. Lancet 365: 1561-1569.
26. Knobel DL, Cleaveland S, Coleman PG, Fèvre EM, Meltzer MI, et al. (2005) Re-evaluating the burden of rabies in Africa and Asia. Bull World Health Organ 83: 360-368.
27. Guerrant RL, Koek M, Lima AA, Lorntz B, Guyatt HL (2002) Updating the DALYs for diarrhoeal disease. Trends Parasitol 18: 191-193.