Weight loss in patients with advanced cancer: Effects, causes, and potential management

Current Opinion in Supportive and Palliative Care

Volumn 2, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 45-48

  Jatoi, Aminah ^a  

^a MAYO CLINIC   (United States)

Author keywords

Cancer; Prognosis; Weight loss

Indexed keywords

CORTICOSTEROID; CYTOKINE; GESTAGEN; GROWTH DIFFERENTIATION FACTOR 15; SOMATOMEDIN C;

CACHEXIA; DISEASE COURSE; DOWN REGULATION; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; HUMAN; METABOLISM; NEOPLASM; PALLIATIVE THERAPY; PROGNOSIS; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; WEIGHT REDUCTION;

ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES; CACHEXIA; CYTOKINES; DISEASE PROGRESSION; DOWN-REGULATION; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, NEOPLASTIC; HUMANS; INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR I; NEOPLASMS; PALLIATIVE CARE; PROGESTINS; PROGNOSIS; RISK FACTORS; WEIGHT LOSS;

EID: 56149085699     PISSN: 17514258     EISSN: 17514266     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/SPC.0b013e3282f4b734     Document Type: Review

References (24)

1. Chlebowski RT, Blackburn GL, Thomson CA, et al. Dietary fat reduction and breast cancer outcome: interim efficacy results from the Women's Intervention Nutrition Study. J Natl Cancer Inst 2006; 98:1767-1776. A landmark paper that suggests weight loss improves outcomes in cancer survivors.
2. Sarhill N, Mahmoud F, Walsh D, et al. Evaluation of nutritional status in advanced metastatic cancer. Support Care Cancer 2003; 11:652-659.
3. DeWys WD, Begg C, Lavin PT, et al. Prognostic effect of weight loss prior to chemotherapy in cancer patients. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Am J Med 1980; 69:491-497.
4. Krishnan S, Rana V, Janjan NA, et al. Prognostic factors in patients with unresectable locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma treated with chemoradiation. Cancer 2006; 107:2589 -2596.
5. Socinski MA, Zhang C, Herndon JE, et al. Combined modality trials of the Cancer and Leukemia Group B in stage III nonsmall cell lung cancer: analysis of factors influencing survival and toxicity. Ann Oncol 2004; 15:1033-1041.
6. Agustsson T, Ryden M, Hoffstedt J, et al. Mechanism of increased lipolysis in cancer cachexia. Cancer Research 2007; 67:5531 -5537.
7. Costelli P, Muscaritoli M, Bossola M, et al. IGF-1 is downregulated in experimental cancer cachexia. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Compr Physiol 2006; 291:R674-R683.
8. Johnen H, Lin S, Kuffner T, et al. Tumorinduced anorexia and weight loss are mediated by the TGF-beta superfamily cytokine MIC-1. Nature Medicine 2007; 13:1333-1340.
9. Todorov P, Cariuk P, McDevitt T, et al. Characterization of a cancer cachectic factor. Nature 1996; 379:739-742.
10. Jatoi A, Foster N, Wieland B, et al. The proteolysis-inducing factor: in search of its clinical relevance in patients with metastatic gastric/esophageal cancer. Dis Esophagus 2006; 19:241 -247.
11. Wieland BM, Stewart GD, Skipworth RJE, et al. Is there a human homologue to the murine proteolysis-inducing factor? Clin Cancer Res 2007; 13:49844992. An important contribution to the literature that challenges the role of proteolysis- inducing factor as a mediator of cancer-associated weight loss.
12. Moore FD. Energy and the maintenance of the body cell mass. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1980; 4:228 -260.
13. Kotler DP, Tierney AR, Wang J, Pierson RN. Magnitude of body cell mass depletion and the timing of death from wasting in AIDS. Am J Clin Nutr 1989; 50:444-447.
14. Behl D, Jatoi A. Pharmacological options for advanced cancer patients with loss of appetite and weight. Exper Opin Pharmacother 2007; 8:1085-1090.
15. Dev R, Del Fabbrio E, Bruera E. Association between megestrol acetate treatment and symptomatic adrenal insufficiency with hypogonadism in male patients with cancer. Cancer 2007; 110:1173-1177.
16. Loprinzi CL, Ellison NM, Schaid DJ, et al. Controlled trial of megestrol acetate for the treatment of cancer anorexia and cachexia. J Natl Cancer Inst 1990; 82:1127 -1132.
17. Bodenner D, Spencer T, Riggs AT, et al. A retrospective study of the association between megestrol acetate administration and mortality among nursing home residents with clinically significant weight loss. Am J Geriatr Pharmacother 2007; 5:137 -146.
18. Fearon KCH, Barber MD, Moses AG, et al. Double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study with eicosapentaenoic acid diester in patients with cancer cachexia. J Clin Oncol 2006; 24:3401 -3407.
19. Dewey A, Baughan C, Dean T, et al. Eicosapentaenoic acid for the treatment of cancer cachexia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007; 1:CD004597.
20. Strasser F, Luftner D, Possinger K, et al. Comparison of orally administered cannabis extract and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in treating patients with cancer-related anorexiacachexia syndrome: a multicenter, phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial from the Cannabis-In-Cachexia- Study Group. J Clin Oncol 2006; 24:3394-3400. A well conducted clinical trial that suggests cannabinoids have little efficacy in palliating loss of appetite in patients with advanced cancer.
21. Jatoi A, Dakhil SR, Nguyen PL, et al. A placebo-controlled double-blind trial of etanercept for the cancer anorexia/weight loss syndrome. Cancer 2007; 110:1396 -1403.
22. Bossola M, Pacelli F, Tortorelli A, et al. Cancer cachexia: it's time for more clinical trials. Ann Surg Oncol 2006; 14:276 -285.
23. DeBoer MD, Zhu XX, Levasseur P, et al. Ghrelin treatment causes increased food intake and retention of lean body mass in a rat model ofcancer cachexia. Endocrinology 2007; 148:2004-3012.
24. DeBoer MD. Melanocortin interventions in cachexia: how soon from bench to bedside? Curr Opin Nutr Metab Care 2007; 10:457 -462.