An overview of reservoir quality in producing Cretaceous strata of the Middle East

Petroleum Geoscience

Volumn 14, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 307-318

  Ehrenberg, Stephen N ^a,b   Aqrawi, Adnan A M ^a   Nadeau, Paul H ^a  

^a STATOIL   (Norway)

^b PanTerra Geoconsultants BV   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Diagenesis; Middle East; Permeability; Porosity; Reservoir

Indexed keywords

CARBONATES; CORRELATION METHODS; MECHANICAL PERMEABILITY; PETROLEUM RESERVOIRS; POROSITY; SANDSTONE; TECTONICS;

BURIAL DIAGENESIS; CORRELATION; CRETACEOUS; DEPOSITION; HYDROCARBON RESERVOIR; PERMEABILITY; POROSITY; RESERVOIR CHARACTERIZATION; SANDSTONE; UPLIFT;

ASIA; EURASIA; MIDDLE EAST;

EID: 55849104296     PISSN: 13540793     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1144/1354-079308-783     Document Type: Review

References (111)

1. Aguilera, R. 2006. Sandstone versus carbonate petroleum reservoirs: a global perspective on porosity-depth and porosity-permeability relationships: discussion. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 90, 807-810.
2. Ahmed, W.A., Elzarka, M. & Al-Dabbas, M. 1986. Petrographical and geochemical studies of Cretaceous carbonate rocks, Ain Zalah oilfield, north Iraq. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 9, 429-438.
3. Al-Awar, A.A. & Humphrey, J.D. 2000. Diagenesis of the Aptian Shuaiba Formation at Ghaba North field, Oman. In: Alsharhan, A.S. & Scott, R.W. (eds) Middle East models of Jurassic/Cretaceous carbonate systems. SEPM Special Publication, 69, 173-184.
4. Ali, A.J. & Nasser, M.E. 1989. Facies analysis of the Lower Cretaceous oil-beating Zubair Formation in southern Iraq. Modern Geology, 13, 225-242.
5. Al-Sabti, H.M. & Al-Bassam, K.A. 1993. 3-D electrofacies model, Safaniya reservoir, Safaniya field, Saudi Arabia. Society of Petroleum Engineers Paper, 25611, 155-169.
6. Al Shamlan, A.A., El Sayed, M.I.A. & Khaiwka, M.H. 1981. The depositional environment of Mauddud Limestone, greater Burgan oilfield, Kuwait. Geologische Rundschau, 70, 941-955.
7. Alsharhan, A.S. 1985. Depositional environment, reservoir units evolution, and hydrocarbon habitat of Shuaiba Formation, Lower Cretaceous, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 69, 899-912.
8. Alsharhan, A.S. 1990. Geology and reservoir characteristics of Lower Cretaceous Kharaib Formation in Zakum Field, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. In: Brooks, J. (ed.) Classic Petroleum Provinces. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 50, 299-316.
9. Alsharhan, A.S. 1993. Bu Hasa Field - United Arab Emirates, Rub Al Khali Basin, Abu Dhabi. In: Foster, N.H. & Beaumont, E.A. (eds) Structural Traps VIII: Treatise of Petroleum Geology, Atlas of Oil and Gas Fields. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa, OK, 99-127.
10. Alsharhan, A.S. 1994. Albian Clastics in the western Arabian Gulf Region: a sedimentological and petroleum geological interpretation. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 17, 279-300.
11. Alsharhan, A.S. & Nairn, A.E.M. 1986. A review of the Cretaceous formations in the Arabian Peninsula and Gulf: Part I. Lower Cretaceous (Thamama Group) stratigraphy and paleogeography. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 9, 365-392.
12. Alsharhan, A.S. & Naim, A.E.M. 1988. A Review of the Cretaceous Formations in the Arabian Peninsula and Gulf. Part II. Mid Cretaceous (Wasia Group) Stratigraphy and Palaeogeography. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 11, 89-112.
13. Alsharhan, A.S. & Nairn, A.E.M. 1990. A Review of the Cretaceous Formations in the Arabian Peninsula and Gulf, Part III. Upper Cretaceous (Aruma Group) Stratigraphy and Palaeogeography. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 13, 247-266.
14. Alsharhan, A.S. & Nairn, A.E.M. 1997. Sedimentary Basins and Petroleum Geology of the Middle East. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
15. Alsharhan, A.S., Al-Aasam, I.S. & Salah, M.G. 2000. Stratigraphy, stable isotopes & hydrocarbon potential of the Aptian Shuaiba Formation, U.A.E. In: Alsharhan, A.S. & Scott, R.W. (eds) Middle East models of Jurassic/Cretaceous carbonate systems. SEPM Special Publication, 69, 299-314.
16. Al-Shdidi, S., Thomas, G. & Delfaud, J. 1995. Sedimentology, diagenesis & oil habitat of Lower Cretaceous Qamchuqa Group, northern Iraq. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 79, 763-779.
17. Aqrawi, A.A.M. 1996. Carbonate-siliciclastic sediments of the Upper Cretaceous (Khasib, Tanuma and Sa'di Formations) of the Mesopotamian basin. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 13, 781-790.
18. Aqrawi, A.A.M., Thehni, G.A., Sherwani, G.H. & Kareem, B.M.A. 1998. Mid-Cretaceous rudist-bearing carbonates of the Mishrif Formation. an important reservoir sequence in the Mesopotamian basin, Iraq. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 21, 57-82.
19. Avarjani, S., Mohseni, K.H., Ghobishavi, S.A. & Amiri-Bakhtiyar, H. 2007. Microfacies & depositional environments of Fahliyan Formation in the Dezful Embayment, Zagros basin, southwest Iran: implications for porosity distribution (abstract). GeoArabia, 12, 141.
20. Beard, D.C. & Weyl, P.K. 1973. Influence of texture on porosity and permeability of unconsolidated sand. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 57, 349-369.
21. Beiranvand, B. 2007. Carbonate fades analysis and geological modeling of Cenomanian-Turronian sediments (Sarvak Formation) in a giant field in the southwest of Iran (abstract). GeoArabia, 12, 142.
22. Beydoun, Z.R., Clarke, M.W.H. & Stoneley, R. 1992. Petroleum in the Zagros basin: a late Tertiary foreland basin overprinted onto the outer edge of a vast hydrocarbon-rich Paleozoic-Mesozoic passive-margin shelf. In: Macqueen, R. & Leckie, D. (eds) Foreland Basins and Foldbelts. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir, 55, 309-339.
23. Bjørkum, P.A. 1996. How important is pressure in causing dissolution of quartz in sandstones? Journal of Sedimentary Research, 66, 147-154.
24. Bjørkum, P.A. & Nadeau, P.H. 1998. Temperature controlled porosity/permeability reduction, fluid migration & petroleum exploration in sedimentary basins. Australian Petroleum Production and Exploration Association Journal, 38, 453-465.
25. Bloch, S., Lander, R.H. & Bonnell, L. 2002. Anomalously high porosity and permeability in deeply buried sandstone reservoirs: origin and predictability. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 86, 301-328.
26. Bordenave, M.L. & Burwood, R. 1990. Source rock distribution and maturation in the Zagros orogenic belt - provenance of the Asmari and Bangestan reservoir oil accumulation. Organic Geochemistry, 16, 365-387.
27. Brennan, P. 1990. Greater Burgan field. In: Beaumont, E.A. & Foster, N.H. (eds) Structural Traps I: Treatise of Petroleum Geology, Atlas of Oil and Gas Fields. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa, OK, 103-129.
28. Budd, D.A. 1989. Micro-rhombic calcite and microporosity in limestones. a geochemical study of the Lower Cretaceous Thamama Group, U.A.E. Sedimentary Geology, 63, 293-311.
29. Burchette, T.P. 1993. Mishrif Formation (Cenomanian-Turonian), southern Arabian Gulf: Carbonate platform growth along a cratonic basin margin. In: Simo, J.A.T., Scott, R.W. & Masse, J.P. (eds) Cretaceous Carbonate Platforms. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir, 56, 185-199.
30. Cater, J.M.L. & Gillcrist, J.R. 1994. Karstic reservoirs of the mid-Cretaceous Mardin Group, SE Turkey: tectonic and eustatic controls on their genesis, distribution and preservation. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 17, 253-278.
31. Celikdemir, M.E., Saffet, D., Gorur, N., Wagner, C. & Uygur, K. 1991. Stratigraphy, sedimentology and hydrocarbon potential of the Mardin Group, SE Turkey. In: Spencer, A.M. (ed.) Generation, Accumulation and Production of Europe's Hydrocarbons. European Association of Petroleum Geoscientists. Special Publication, 1, 439-454.
32. Christian, L. 1997. Cretaceous subsurface geology of the Middle East region. GeoArabia, 2, 239-256.
33. Davies, R., Hollis, C., Bishop, C., Gaur, R. & Haider, A.A. 2000. Reservoir geology of the Middle Minagish Member (Minagish Oolite), Umm Gudair field, Kuwait. In: Alsharhan, A.S. & Scott, R.W. (eds) Middle East models of Jurassic/Cretaceous carbonate systems. SEPM Special Publication, 69, 273-286.
34. Davies, R.B., Casey, D.M., Horbury, A.D., Sharland, P.R. & Simmons, M.D. 2002. Early to mid-Cretaceous mixed carbonate-clastic shelfal systems: examples, issues and models from the Arabian Plate. GeoArabia, 7, 541-598.
35. Droste, H. & Van Steenwinkel, M. 2004. Stratal geometries and patterns of platform carbonates. the Cretaceous of Oman. In: Eberli, G.P., Massaferro, J.L. & Sarg, R.F. (eds) Seismic imaging of carbonate reservoirs and systems. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir, 81, 185-206.
36. Dull, D.W., Garber, R.A. & Meddaugh, W.S. 2006. The sequence stratigraphy of the Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous) reservoir at Wafra field, Partitioned Neutral Zone, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait: key to reservoir modeling and assessment. In: Harris, P.M. & Weber, L.J. (eds) Giant hydrocarbon reservoirs of the world: from rocks to reservoir characterization and modeling. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir, 88, 247-279.
37. Ehrenberg, S.N. 1997. Influence of depositional sand quality and diagenesis on porosity and permeability: examples from Brent Group reservoirs, northern North Sea. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 67, 197-211.
38. Ehrenberg, S.N. 2004. Factors controlling porosity in Upper Carboniferous - Lower Permian carbonate strata of the Barents Sea. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 88, 1653-1676.
39. Ehrenberg, S.N. 2006. Porosity destruction in carbonate platforms. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 29, 41-52.
40. Ehrenberg, S.N. & Nadeau, P.H. 2005. Sandstone versus carbonate petroleum reservoirs: a global perspective on porosity-depth and porosity-permeability relationships. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 89, 435-445.
41. Ehrenberg, S.N., Eberli, G.P., Keramati, M. & Moallemi, A. 2006a. Permeability-porosity relationships in interbedded limestone-dolostone reservoirs. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 90, 91-114.
42. Ehrenberg, S.N., Eberli, G.P. & Baechle, G. 2006b. Porosity-permeability relationships in Miocene carbonate platforms and slopes seaward of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia (ODP Leg 194, Marion Plateau). Sedimentology, 53, 1289-1318.
43. Ehrenberg, S.N., Nadeau, P.H. & Aqrawi, A.A.M. 2007. A comparison of Khuff and Arab reservoir potential throughout the Middle East. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 91, 275-286.
44. Ehrenberg, S.N., Nadeau, P.H. & Steen, Ø. 2008. A megascale view of reservoir quality in producing sandstones from the offshore Gulf of Mexico, USA. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 92, 145-164.
45. El Naggar, Z.R. & Al Rifaiy, I.A. 1973. Stratigraphy and microfacies of type Magwa Formation of Kuwait, Arabia: part 2: Mishrif Limestone Member. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 57, 2263-2279.
46. Elzarka, M.H. 1993. Ain Zalah field-Iraq, Zagros folded zone, northern Iraq. In: Foster, N.H. & Beaumont, E.A. (eds) Structural Traps VII: Treatise of Petroleum Geology, Atlas of Oil and Gas Fields. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa, OK, 57-68.
47. Enos, P. & Sawatsky, L.H. 1981. Pore networks in Holocene carbonate sediments. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 51, 961-986.
48. Farzadi, P. 2006. The development of Middle Cretaceous carbonate platforms, Persian Gulf, Iran: constraints from seismic stratigraphy, well and biostratigraphy. Petroleum Geoscience, 12, 59-68.
49. Farzadi, P. & Hesthammer, J. 2007. Diagnosis of the Upper Cretaceous palaeokarst and turbidite systems from the Iranian Persian Gulf using volume-based multiple seismic attribute analysis and pattern recognition. Petroleum Geoscience, 13, 227-240.
50. Feazel, C.T. & Schatzinger, R.A. 1985. Prevention of carbonate cementation in petroleum reservoirs. In: Schneidermann, N. & Harris, P.M. (eds) Carbonate Cements. SEPM Special Publication, 36, 97-106.
51. Fisher, Q.J., Casey, M., Harris, S.D. & Knipe, R.J. 2003. Fluid-flow properties of faults in sandstone: the importance of temperature history. Geology, 31, 965-968.
52. Frost, S.H., Bliefnick, D.M. & Harris, P.M. 1983. Deposition and porosity evolution of a Lower Cretaceous rudist buildup, Shuaiba Formation of eastern Arabian Peninsula. Carbonate buildups - a core workshop, SEPM Core Workshop, 4, 381-410.
53. Gradstein, F.M., Ogg, J.G., Smith, A.G., Bleeker, W. & Lourens, L.J. 2004. A new geologic time scale, with special reference to Precambrian and Neogene. Episodes, 27, 83-101.
54. Grötsch, J., Al-Jelani, O. & Al-Mehairi, Y. 1998. Integrated reservoir characterisation of a giant Lower Cretaceous oil field, Abu Dhabi, U.A.E. Society of Petroleum Engineers Paper, 49454, 77-86.
55. Habibnia, B. & Javanbakht, D. 1997. Stratigraphic zonation of Bangestan reservoir, Binak Field Persian Gulf coast, SW Iran. Proceedings of the 30th International Geological Congress, 18, 225-237.
56. Halley, R.B. & Schmoker, J.W. 1983. High-porosity Cenozoic carbonate rocks of south Florida: progressive loss of porosity with depth. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 67, 191-200.
57. Harris, P.M. & Frost, S.H. 1984. Middle Cretaceous carbonate reservoirs, Fahud field and northwestern Oman. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 68, 649-658.
58. Harris, P.M., Frost, S.H., Seiglie, G.A. & Schneidermann, N. 1984. Regional unconformities and depositional cycles, Cretaceous of the Arabian Peninsula. In: Schlee, J.S. (ed.) Interregional Unconformities and Hydrocarbon Accumulation. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir, 36, 67-80.
59. Hassan, T.H. & Wada, Y. 1981. Geology and development of Thamama zone 4, Zakum field. Journal of Petroleum Technology, 33, 1327-1337.
60. Hohman, J.C., Al-Emadi, I.A.A. & Zahran, M.E. 2007. Sequence stratigraphy of the Shu'aiba-Hawar (Biyadh) tectonostratigraphic sequence: initiation, development, and demise of a carbonate platform in a siliciclastic-dominated setting (abstract). GeoArabia, 12, 203-204.
61. Hughes, G.W., Miller, M.A., Riding, J.B. & Varol, O. 2006. Multidisciplinary biofacies analysis of the Khafji and Safaniya members of the Wasia Formation (Cretaceous) of Saudi Arabia (abstract). GeoArabia, 12, 207.
62. Ibrahim, M.W. 1981. Lithostratigraphy and subsurface geology of the Albian rocks of south Iraq. Journal of Petrolium Geology, 4, 147-162.
63. James, G.A. & Wynd, J.G. 1965. Stratigraphic nomenclature of Iranian oil consortium agreement area. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 49, 2182-2245.
64. Jordan, C.F. Jr, Connally, T.C. Jr. & Vest, H.A. 1985. Middle Cretaceous carbonates of the Mishrif Formation, Fateh Field, offshore Dubai, U. A. E.. In: Roehl, P.O. & Choquette, P.W. (eds) Carbonate Petroleum Reservoirs. Springer-Verlag, New York, 425-442.
65. Keskin, C. & Can, C. 1986. Upper Cretaceous carbonate reservoirs of the Raman field, southeast Turkey. Carbonates and Evaporites, 1, 25-43.
66. Kirby, R.H., Carr, B.S., Al-Humoud, J., Safar, A.I., Al-Matar, D. & Naser, W. 1998. Characterisation of a vertically compartmentalized reservoir in a supergiant field, Burgan Formation, Greater Burgan field, Kuwait, Part 1: stratigraphy and water encroachment. Society of Petroleum Geologists Paper, 49214, 509-520.
67. Litsey, L.R., MacBride, W.L. Jr., Al-Hinai, K.M. & Dismukes, N.B. 1986. Shuaiba reservoir geological study, Yibal field, Oman. Journal of Petroleum Technology, 38, 651-662.
68. Longacre, S.A. & Ginger, E.P. 1988. Evolution of the Lower Cretaceous Ratawi Oolite reservoir, Wafra field, Kuwait-Saudi Arabia partitioned Neutral Zone. Giant oil and gas fields - a core workshop, SEPM Core Workshop, 12, 273-332.
69. Lucia, F.J. 1998. Rock fabric approach to petrophysical quantification of geologic descriptions: Shu'aiba (Middle Cretaceous) reservoir, Idd El Shargi Field, offshore Qatar (abstract). GeoArabia, 3, 122-123.
70. Maxwell, J.C. 1964. Influence of depth, temperature & geologic age on porosity of quartzose sandstone. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 48, 697-709.
71. Mazzullo, S.J. & Harris, P.M. 1992. Mesogenetic dissolution: its role in porosity development in carbonate reservoirs. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 76, 607-620.
72. Melim, L.A., Anselmetti, F.S. & Eberli, G.P. 2001. The importance of pore type on permeability of Neogene carbonates, Great Bahama Bank. In: Ginsburg, R.N. (ed.) Subsurface geology of a prograding carbonate platform margin, Great Bahama Bank: results of the Bahamas Drilling Project. SEPM Special Publication, 70, 217-238.
73. Melville, P., Al Jeelani, O., Al Menhali, S. & Grötsh, J. 2004. Three-dimensional seismic analysis in the characterization of a giant carbonate field, onshore Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. In: Eberli, G.P., Massaferro, J.L. & Sarg, R.F. (eds) Seismic imaging of carbonate reservoirs and systems. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir, 81, 123-148.
74. Moshier, S.O. 1989. Development of microporosity in a micritic limestone reservoir, Lower Cretaceous, Middle East. Sedimetary Geology 63, 217-240.
75. Motici, H. 1993. Stratigraghy of Zagros: Treatise on the Geology of Iran No. 1. Ministry of Mines and Metals, Tehran, Geological Survey of Iran.
76. Nadeau, P.H. &, Ehrenberg, S.N. 2006. Sandstone versus carbonate petroleum reservoirs: a global perspective on porosity-depth and porosity-permeability relationships: reply. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 90, 811-813.
77. Nadeau, P.H., Bjørkum, P.A. & Walderhaug, O. 2005. Petroleum system analysis: impact of shale diagenesis on reservoir fluid pressure, hydrocarbon migration and biodegradation risks. In: Doré, A.G. & Vining, B. (eds) Petroleum Geology: Northwest Eurape and Global Perspectives - Proceedings of the 6th Petroleum Geology Conference, Geological Society, London, 1267-1274.
78. Neilson, J.E., Oxtoby, N.H., Simminos, M.D., Simpson, I.R. & Fortunatova, N.K. 1998. The relationship between petroleum emplacement and carbonate reservoir quality: examples from Abu Dhabi and the Amu Darya Basin. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 15, 57-72.
79. Nemcsok, S., Morrison, N.H., Carruthers, A. & Abdullab, S. 1998. Sedimentary interpretation of a multilayered clastic oil reservoir: impact on development plans for the Zubair reservoir, Raudhatain field. Society of Petroleum Engineers Paper, 48972, 177-187.
80. Oswald, E.J., Mueller, H.W. III, Goff, D.H., Al-habshi, H. & Al Matroushi, S. 1995. Controls on porosity evolution in Thamama Group carbonate reservoirs in Abu Dhabi, U.A.E. Society of Petroleum Engineers Paper, 29797, 251-265.
81. Ozer, S. 1993. Rudist carbonate ramp in southeastern Anatolia, Turkey. In: Simo, J.A., Scott, R.W. & Masse, J.-P. (eds) Cretaceous Carbonate Platforms. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir, 56, 163-472.
82. Russell, S.D., Akbar, M., Vissapragada, B. & Walkden, G.M. 2002. Rock types and permeability prediction from dipmeter and image logs: Shuaiba reservoir (Aptian), Abu Dhabi. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 86, 1709-1732.
83. Sadooni, F.N. 1993. Stratigraphic sequence, microfacies & petroleum prospects of the Yamama Formation, Lower Cretaceous, southern Iraq. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 77, 1971-1988.
84. Sadooni, F.N. 1996. Stratigraphic and lithological characteristics of Upper Cretaceous carbonates in central Iraq. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 19, 271-288.
85. Sadooni, F.N. 2004. Stratigraphy, depositional setting and reservoir characteristics of Turonian-Campanian carbonates in central Iraq. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 27, 357-371.
86. Sadooni, F.N. 2005. The nature and origin of Upper Cretaceous basin-margin rudist buildups of the Mesopotamian Basin, southern Iraq, with consideration of possible hydrocarbon stratigraphic entrapment. Cretaceous Research, 26, 213-224.
87. Sadooni, F.N. & Alsharhan, A.S. 2003. Stratigraphy, microfacies & petroleum potential of the Mauddud Formation (Albian-Cenomanian) in the Arabian Gulf basin. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 87, 1653-1680.
88. Sadooni, F.N. & Aqrawi, A.A.M. 2000. Cretaceous sequence stratigraphy and hydrocarbon potential of the Mesopotamian Basin, Iraq. In: Alsharhan, A.S. & & Scott, R.W. (eds) Middle East models of Jurassic/Cretaceoms carbonate systems. SEPM Special Publication, 69, 315-334.
89. Salem, R., Ozbahceci, H., Ungor, A. & Isbilir, M. 1992. Raman, Bad-Raman & Garzan fields - Turkey Diyarbakir Basin, southeast Turkey. In: Beaumont, E.A. & Foster, N.H. (eds) Structural Traps VII: Treatise of Petroleum Geology, Atlas of Oil and Gas Fields. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa, OK, 173-195.
90. Saotome, J.-I., Shibasaki, T., Shikama, T. & Kawaguchi, K.-I. 2000. Geological controls on pore geometry of upper Kharaib reservoir, offshore Abu Dhabi, U.A.E. In: Alsharhan, A.S. & Scott, R.W. (eds) Middle East models of Jurassic/Cretaceous carbonate systems. SEPM Special Publication, 69, 287-297.
91. Sattler, U., Zampetti, V., Schlager, W. & Immenhauser, A. 2004. Late leaching under deep burial conditions: a case study of the Miocene Zhujiang carbonate reservoir, South China Sea. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 21, 977-992.
92. Schmoker, J.W. 1984. Empirical relation between carbonate porosity and thermal maturity: an approach to regional porosity prediction. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 68, 1697-1703.
93. Schmoker, J.W. & Gautier, D.L. 1988. Sandstone porosity as a function of thermal maturity. Geology, 16, 1007-1010.
94. Scholle, P.A. 1977. Chalk diagenesis and its relation to petroleum exploration: oil from chalks a modern miracle? American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 61, 982-1009.
95. Setudehnia, A. 1978. The Mesozoic sequence in southwest Iran and adjacent areas. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 1, 3-42.
96. Sharland, P.R., Archer, R., Casey, D.M. et al. 2001. Arabian plate sequence stratigraphy. GeoArabia Special Publication, 2.
97. Smith, L.B. Jr, Eberli, G.P., Masaferro, J.L. & Al-Dhahab, S. 2003. Discrimination of effective from ineffective porosity in heterogeneous Cretaceous carbonates, Al Ghubar field, Oman. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 87, 1509-1530.
98. Soori, L. & Bonab, H.R. 2006. Depositional environment and diagenesis of the Fahlyian Formation southwest of Iran (abstract). GeoArabia, 12, 161.
99. Strohmenger, C.J., Weber, L.J., Ghani, A. et al. 2006a. High-resolution sequence stratigraphy and reservoir characterization of Upper Thamama (Lower Cretaceous) reservoirs of a giant Abu Dhabi oil field, United Arab Emirates. In: Harris, P.M., Weber, L.J. (eds) Giant hydrocarbon reservoirs of the world: from rocks to reservoir characterization and modeling. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir, 88, 139-171.
100. Strohmenger, C.J., Patterson, P.E., Al-Sahlan, G. et al. 2006b. Sequence stratigraphy and reservoir architecture of the Burgan and Mauddud formations (Lower Cretaceous), Kuwait. In: Harris, P.M., Weber, L.J. (eds) Giant hydrocarbon reservoirs of the world: from rocks to reservoir characterization and modeling. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir, 88, 213-245.
101. Taghavi, A.A., Jacobsen, T., Hatloy, M.S. & Mørk, A. 2007. Rock-type-based reservoir modeling in upper Sarvak Formation carbonates: a case study, southwest Iran (abstract). GeoArabia, 12, 221.
102. Terken, J.M.J. 1999. The Natih petroleum system of north Oman. GeoArabia, 4, 157-180.
103. Vahrenkamp, V.C. & Grötsch, J. 1994. 3-D architecture model of a Lower Cretaceous carbonate reservoir, Al Huwaisah Field, Sultanate of Oman. In: Al-Husseini, M.I. (ed.) The Middle East Petroleum Geosciences. Gulf Petrolink, Manama, Bahrain, 2, 901-915.
104. van Buchem, F., Razin, P., Homewood, P., Oterdoom, H. & Philip, J. 2002. Stratigraphic organisation of carbonate ramps and organic-rich intrashelf basins: the Natih Formation (Middle Cretaceous) of northern Oman. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 86, 21-53.
105. Videtich, P.E., McLimans, R.K., Watson, H.K.S. & Nagy, R.M. 1988. Depositional, diagenetic, thermal & maturation histories of Cretaceous Mishrif Formation, Fateh Field, Dubai. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 72, 1143-1159.
106. Wagner, P.D. 1990. Geochemical stratigraphy and porosity controls in Cretaceous carbonates near the Oman Mountains. In: Robertson, A.H.F., Searle, M.P. & Ries, A.C. (eds) The Geology and Tectonics of the Oman Region. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 49, 127-137.
107. Walderhaug, O. 1996. Kinetic modeling of quartz cementation and porosity loss in deeply buried sandstone reservoirs. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 80, 731-745.
108. Wells, P.R.A. 1987. Hydrodynamic trapping of oil and gas in the Cretaceous Nahr Umr Lower Sand of the North Area, offshore Qatar. Society of Petroleum Engineers Paper, 15683, 17-26.
109. Wennberg, O.P., Malm, O., Needham, T. et al. 2008. On the occurrence and formation of open fractures in the Jurassic reservoir sandstones of the Snohvit Field, SW Barents Sea. Petroleum Geoscience, 14, 139-150.
110. Yose, L.A., Ruf, A.S., Strohmenger, C.J. et al. 2006. Three-dimensional characterization of a heterogeneous carbonate reservoir, Lower Cretaceous, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. In: Harris, P.M., Weber, L.J. (eds) Giant hydrocarbon reservoirs of the world: from rocks to reservoir characterization and modeling. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir, 88, 173-212.
111. Zeigler, M.A. 2001. Late Permian to Holocene paleofacies evolution of the Arabian Plate and its hydrocarbon occurrences. GeoArabia, 6, 445-504.