Tumors of the nervous system

Withrow & MacEwen's Small Animal Clinical Oncology

Volumn , Issue , 2007, Pages 659-685

  LeCouteur, Richard A ^a   Withrow, Stephen J ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b Veterinary Dentistry and Oral Surgery   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 55749090512     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-072160558-6.50032-0     Document Type: Chapter

References (247)

1. Bagley RS, Kornegay JN, Page RL, et al. Central nervous system. Textbook of small animal surgery 1993, WB Saunders, Philadelphia. ed 2. D.H. Slatter (Ed.).
2. Braund KG Clinical syndromes in veterinary neurology 1994, Mosby, St. Louis. ed 2.
3. Vandevelde M: Brain tumors in domestic animals: an overview, Proceedings of the Conference on Brain Tumors in Man and Animals, Research Triangle Park, NC, September 5-6, 1984.
4. Keller ET, Madewell BR Locations and types of neoplasms in immature dogs: 69 cases (1964-1989). J Am Vet Med Assoc 1992, 200:1530.
5. Uchida K, Nakayama H, Endo Y, et al. Ganglioglioma in the thalamus of a puppy. J Vet Med Sci 2003, 65:113-115.
6. Kuwamura M, Dotera T, Tamate J, et al. Cerebral ganglioneuroblastoma in a golden retriever dog. Vet Pathol 2004, 41:282-284.
7. Schoeman JP, Stidworthy MF, Penderis J, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of a cerebral cavernous haemangioma in a dog. J S Afr Vet Assoc 2002, 73:207-210.
8. Kube SA, Bruyette DS, Hanson SM Astrocytomas in young dogs. JAAHA 2003, 39:288-293.
9. Summers BA, Cummings JF, de Lahunta A Veterinary neuropathology 1995, Mosby, St. Louis.
10. Kornegay JN Central nervous system neoplasia. Neurologic disorders: contemporary issues in small animal practice 1986, Churchill-Livingstone, New York. J.N. Kornegay (Ed.).
11. Porter B, de Lahunta A, Summers B Gliomatosis cerebri in six dogs. Vet Pathol 2003, 40:97-102.
12. Cowart JR, Schulman FY, Mena H Low-grade glial tumor with features of astroblastoma in a dog. Vet Pathol 2005, 42:366-369.
13. Patnaik AK, Kay WJ, Hurvitz AI Intracranial meningioma: a comparative pathologic study of 28 dogs. Vet Pathol 1986, 23:369.
14. McGrath JT: Morphology and classification of brain tumors in domestic animals, Proceedings of the Conference on Brain Tumors in Man and Animals, Research Triangle Park, NC, September 5-6, 1984.
15. LeCouteur RA, Fike JR, Cann CE, et al. Computed tomography of brain tumors in the caudal fossa of the dog. Vet Radiol 1981, 22:244.
16. Schulman FY, Ribas JL, Carpenter JL, et al. Intracranial meningioma with pulmonary metastasis in three dogs. Vet Pathol 1992, 29:196.
17. Moore MP, Bagley RS, Harrington ML, et al. Intracranial tumors. Vet Clin North Am (Small Anim Pract) 1996, 26:759.
18. Fenner WR Metastatic neoplasms of the central nervous system. Semin Vet Med Surg 1990, 5:253.
19. Bagley RS, Wheeler SJ, Klopp L, et al. Clinical features of trigeminal nerve-sheath tumor in 10 dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1998, 34:19.
20. Straw RC, LeCouteur RA, Powers BE, et al. Multilobular osteochondrosarcoma of the canine skull: 16 cases (1978-1988). J Am Vet Med Assoc 1989, 195:1764.
21. Dernell WS, Straw RC, Cooper MF, et al. Multilobular osteochondrosarcoma in 39 dogs: 1979-1993. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998, 34:11.
22. Heidner GL, Kornegay JN, Page RL, et al. Analysis of survival in a retrospective study of 86 dogs with brain tumors. J Vet Intern Med 1991, 5:219.
23. Bagley RS, Gavin PR, Moore MP, et al. Clinical signs associated with brain tumors in dogs: 97 cases (1992-1997). J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999, 215:818.
24. Troxel MT, Vite CH, Van Winkle TJ, et al. Feline intracranial neoplasia: retrospective review of 160 cases (1985-2001). J Vet Intern Med 2003, 17:850-859.
25. Zaki FA, Hurvitz AI Spontaneous neoplasms of the central nervous system of the cat. J Small Anim Pract 1976, 17:773.
26. Nafe LA Meningiomas in cats: a retrospective clinical study of 36 cases. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1979, 174:1224.
27. Engle GC, Brodey RS A retrospective study of 395 feline neoplasms. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1969, 5:21.
28. Luginbuhl H Studies on meningiomas in cats. Am J Vet Res 1961, 22:1030.
29. Averill DR Tumors of the nervous system. Diseases of the cat 1987, WB Saunders, Philadelphia. J. Holzworth (Ed.).
30. Kornegay JN Feline neurology. Prob Vet Med 1991, 3:361. 365, 391.
31. McGrath JT Meningiomas in animals. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1962, 21:327.
32. Haskins ME, McGrath JT Meningiomas in young cats with mucopolysaccharidosis. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1983, 42:664.
33. Greenberg MJ, Schatzberg SJ, de Lahunta A, et al. Intracerebral plasma cell tumor in a cat: a case report and literature review. J Vet Intern Med 2004, 18:581-585.
34. Lantos PL, Vandenberg SR, Kleihues P Tumors of the nervous system. Greenfield's neuropathology 1997, Arnold, London. ed 6. D.I. Graham, P.L. Lantos (Eds.).
35. Johnson GC Genesis and pathology of tumors of the nervous system. Semin Vet Med Surg 1990, 5:210.
36. Braund KG Neoplasia of the nervous system. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 1984, 6:717.
37. Higgins RJ, LeCouteur RA, Vernau KM, et al. Granular cell tumor of the canine central nervous system: two cases. Vet Pathol 2001, 38:620-627.
38. Cantile C, Campani D, Menicagli M, et al. Pathological and immunohistochemical studies of choroid plexus carcinoma of the dog. J Comp Path 2002, 126:183-193.
39. Park CH Oligodendroglioma in a French bulldog. J Vet Sci 2003, 4:195-197.
40. Liu CH, Liu CI, Liang SL, et al. Intracranial granular cell tumor in a dog. J Vet Med Sci 2004, 66:77-79.
41. Holliday TA, Higgins RJ, Turrel JM Tumors of the nervous system. Veterinary cancer medicine 1987, Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia. ed 2. G.H. Theilen, B.R. Madewell (Eds.).
42. Thomson SAM, Kennerly E, Olby N, et al. Microarray analysis of differentially expressed genes of primary tumors in the canine central nervous system. Vet Pathol 2005, 42:550-558.
43. Stoica G, Kim HT, Hall DG, et al. Morphology, immunohistochemistry and genetic alterations in dogs astrocytomas. Vet Pathol 2004, 41:10-19.
44. Barnhart KF, Wojcieszyn J Immunohistochemical staining patterns of canine meningiomas and correlation with published immunophenotypes. Vet Pathol 2002, 39:311-321.
45. Kleihues P, Burger PC, Scheithauer BW Histological typing of tumours of the central nervous system. WHO international classification of tumours 1993, Springer-Verlag, Berlin. ed 2.
46. Gavin PR, Fike JR, Hoopes PJ Central nervous system tumors. Semin Vet Med Surg (Small Anim) 1995, 10:180.
47. Steinberg H, Galbreath EJ Cerebellar medulloblastoma with multiple differentiation in a dog. Vet Pathol 1998, 35:543.
48. Koestner A, Zeman W Primary reticulosis of the central nervous system in dogs. Am J Vet Res 1962, 23:381.
49. Koestner A Primary lymphoreticulosis of the nervous system in animals. Acta Neuropathol 1975, 6(Suppl). 85.
50. Fankhauser R, Fatzer R, Luginbuhl H, et al. Reticulosis of the central nervous system in dogs. Adv Vet Sci Comp Sci 1972, 16:35.
51. Kent M, Delahunta A, Tidwell AS MR imaging findings in a dog with intravascular lymphoma in the brain. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2001, 42:504-510.
52. Vandevelde M: Morphological and histological characteristics of GME and reticulosis: one disease or two? The Bern perspective, Proceedings of the 4th ACVIM Forum, Washington, DC, 1986.
53. Vandevelde M, Fatzer R, Fankhauser R Immunohistological studies on primary reticulosis of the canine brain. Vet Pathol 1981, 18:577.
54. Braund KG, Vandevelde M, Walker TL, et al. Granulomatous meningoencephalitis in six dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1978, 172:1195.
55. Cordy DR Canine granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis. Vet Pathol 1979, 16:325.
56. Russo ME Primary reticulosis of the central nervous system in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1979, 174:492.
57. Uchida K, Morozumi M, Yamaguchi R, et al. Diffuse leptomeningeal malignant histiocytosis in the brain and spinal cord of a Tibetan terrier. Vet Pathol 2001, 38:219-222.
58. Kortz GD, Higgins RJ, Affolter VK, et al. Primary neurologic signs in canine histiocytic sarcoma (malignant histiocytosis). J Vet Intern Med 1998, 12:207.
59. Chandra AMS, Ginn PE Primary malignant histiocytosis of the brain in a dog. J Comp Pathol 1999, 121:77.
60. Couto CG, Cullen J, Pedroia V, et al. Central nervous system lymphosarcoma in the dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1984, 184:809.
61. Luginbuhl H, Fankhauser R, McGrath JT Spontaneous neoplasms of the nervous system in animals. Progr Neurol Surg 1968, 2:85.
62. Fankhauser R, Frauchiger E Mikrogliomatose beim Hund. Dtsch Tierarztl Wschr 1967, 74:142.
63. Willard MD, de Lahunta A Microgliomatosis in a Schnauzer dog. Cornell Vet 1981, 72:211.
64. Niebauer GW, Dayrell-Hart BL, Speciale J Evaluation of craniotomy in dogs and cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1991, 198:89.
65. Kornegay JN, Oliver JE, Gorgacz EJ Clinicopathologic features of brain herniation in animals. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1983, 182:1111.
66. Kornegay JN Pathogenesis of diseases of the central nervous system. Textbook of small animal surgery 1993, WB Saunders, Philadelphia, . ed 2. D.H. Slatter (Ed.).
67. Bagley RS, Gavin PR Seizures as a complication of brain tumors in dogs. Clin Techn Small Anim Pract 1998, 13:179.
68. Coates JR, Dewey CW Cervical spinal hyperesthesia as a clinical sign of intracranial disease. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 1998, 20:1025.
69. Gandini G, Gentilini F, Cimatti L, et al. Evaluation of the clinical signs and computed tomographic findings in 27 dogs with intracranial space-occupying lesions (1999-2000). Vet Research Communications 2003, 27:399-401.
70. Davidson MG, Nasisse MP, Breitschwerdt EB, et al. Acute blindness associated with intracranial tumors in dogs and cats: eight cases (1984-1989). J Am Vet Med Assoc 1991, 199:755.
71. Foster ES, Carrillo JM, Patnaik AK Clinical signs of tumors affecting the rostral cerebrum in 43 dogs. J Vet Intern Med 1988, 2:71.
72. Moore MP, Gavin PR, Kraft SL, et al. MR, CT and clinical features from four dogs with nasal tumors involving the rostral cerebrum. Vet Radiol 1991, 32:19.
73. LeCouteur RA, Child G Clinical management of epilepsy of dogs and cats. Epilepsy: problems in veterinary medicine 1989, 1. JB Lippincott, Philadelphia. R.J. Indrieri (Ed.).
74. Lawson DC, Burk RL, Prata RG Cerebral meningioma in the cat: diagnosis and surgical treatment of ten cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1984, 20:333.
75. Nafe LA The clinical presentation and diagnosis of intracranial neoplasia. Semin Vet Med Surg 1990, 5:223.
76. Bailey CS, Vernau W Cerebrospinal fluid. Clinical biochemistry of domestic animals 1997, Academic Press, San Diego. ed 5. J.J. Kaneko, J.W. Harvey, M.L. Bruss (Eds.).
77. Long SN, Johnston PE, Anderson TJ Primary T-cell lymphoma of the central nervous system in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2001, 218:719-722.
78. Bailey CS, Higgins RJ Characteristics of cisternal cerebrospinal fluid associated with primary brain tumors in the dog: a retrospective study. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1986, 188:414.
79. Vandevelde M, Fankhauser RR Liquoruntersuchungen bei neurologisch kranken Hunden und Katzen. Schweiz Arch Tierheilk 1987, 129:443.
80. Grevel V, Machus B Diagnosing brain tumors with a CSF sedimentation technique. Vet Med Rep 1990, 2:403.
81. Moore MP, Gavin PR, Bagley RS et al: Cerebrospinal fluid analysis in dogs with intracranial tumors, Proceedings of the 12th ACVIM Forum, San Francisco, 1994.
82. Thomson CE, Kornegay JN, Stevens JB Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid from the cerebellomedullary and lumbar cisterns of dogs with focal neurologic disease: 145 cases (1985-1987). J Am Vet Med Assoc 1990, 196:1841.
83. Vernau KM, Terio KA, LeCouteur RA, et al. Acute B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia with meningeal metastasis causing primary neurologic dysfunction in a dog. J Vet Intern Med 2000, 14:110.
84. Sorjonen DC, Golden DL, Levesque DC, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid protein electrophoresis: a clinical evaluation of a previously reported diagnostic technique. Prog Vet Neurol 1991, 2:261.
85. Tipold A, Pfister H, Vandevelde M Determination of the IgG index for the detection of intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis in dogs using an ELISA. Res Vet Sci 1993, 54:40.
86. Rand JS, Parent J, Percy D, et al. Clinical, cerebrospinal fluid, and histological data from thirty-four cats with primary noninflammatory disease of the central nervous system. Can Vet J 1994, 35:174.
87. Voorhout G Cisternography combined with linear tomography for visualization of the pituitary gland in healthy dogs: a comparison with computed tomography. Vet Radiol 1990, 31:68.
88. Voorhout G, Rijnberk A Cisternography combined with linear tomography for visualization of pituitary lesions in dogs with pituitary dependent hyperadrenocorticism. Vet Radiol 1990, 31:74.
89. Daniel BD, Twardock AR, Yucker RL, et al. Brain scintigraphy. Prog Vet Neurol 1992, 3:25.
90. Dykes NL, Warnick LD, Summers BA, et al. Retrospective analysis of brain scintigraphy in 116 dogs and cats. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 1994, 35:59.
91. LeCouteur RA, Turrel JM Brain tumors in dogs and cats. Current veterinary therapy IX: small animal practice 1986, WB Saunders, Philadelphia.
92. Fike JR, LeCouteur RA, Cann CE, et al. Computerized tomography of brain tumors of the rostral and middle fossas in the dog. Am J Vet Res 1981, 42:275.
93. Plummer SB, Wheeler SJ, Thrall DE, et al. Computed tomography of primary inflammatory brain disorders in dogs and cats. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 1992, 33:307.
94. Turrel JM, Fike JR, LeCouteur RA, et al. Computed tomography characteristics of primary brain tumors in 50 dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1986, 188:851.
95. LeCouteur RA, Fike JR, Cann CE, et al. X-ray computed tomography of brain tumors in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1983, 183:301.
96. Jeffery ND, Thakkar CH, Yarrow TG Introduction to computed tomography of the canine brain, J. Small Anim Pract 1992, 33:2.
97. Kornegay JN Imaging brain neoplasms. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Vet Med Rep 1990, 2:372.
98. Bailey MQ Diagnostic imaging of intracranial lesions. Semin Vet Med Surg 1990, 5:232.
99. Polizopoulou ZS, Koutina AF, Souftas VD, et al. Diagnostic correlation of CT-MRI and histopathology in 10 dogs with brain neoplasms. J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med 2004, 51:226-231.
100. Thomson CE, Kornegay JN, Burn RA, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging-a general overview of principles and examples in veterinary neurodiagnosis. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 1993, 34:2.
101. Matoon JS, Weisner ER Editorial: What's under the cat's hat: Feline intracranial neoplasia and magnetic resonance imaging. J Vet Intern Med 2004, 18:139-140.
102. Troxel MT, Vite CH, Massicotte C, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging features of feline intracranial neoplasia: retrospective analysis of 46 cats. J Vet Intern Med 2004, 18:176-189.
103. Lipsitz D, Higgins J, Kortz GD, et al. Glioblastoma multiforme: clinical findings, magnetic resonance imaging, and pathology in five dogs. Vet Pathol 2003, 40:659-669.
104. da Costa RC, Parent JM, Poma R, et al. Cervical syringohydromyelia secondary to a brainstem tumor in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2004, 225:1061-1064.
105. Cherubini GB, Mantis P, Martinez TA, et al. Utility of magnetic resonance imaging for distinguishing neoplastic from non-neoplastic brain lesions in dogs and cats. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2005, 46:384-387.
106. Kraft SL, Gavin PR, DeHaan C, et al. Retrospective review of 50 canine intracranial tumors evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging. J Vet Intern Med 1997, 11:218.
107. LeCouteur RA Current concepts in the diagnosis and treatment of brain tumours in dogs and cats. J Small Anim Pract 1999, 40:411.
108. Kraft SL, Gavin PR Intracranial neoplasia. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract 1999, 14:112.
109. Platt SR, Alleman AR, Lanz OI, et al. Comparison of fine-needle aspiration and surgical-tissue biopsy in the diagnosis of canine brain tumors. Vet Surg 2002, 31:65-69.
110. Vernau KM, Higgins RJ, Bollen AW, et al. Primary canine and feline nervous system tumors: intraoperative diagnosis using the smear technique. Vet Pathol 2001, 38:47-57.
111. Moissonnier P, Blot S, Devauchelle P, et al. Stereotactic CT-guided brain biopsy in the dog. J Small Anim Pract 2002, 43:115-123.
112. Thomas WB, Sorjonen DC, Hudson JA, et al. Ultrasound-guided brain biopsy in dogs. Am J Vet Res 1993, 54:1942.
113. Harari J, Moore MM, Leathers CW, et al. Computed tomographic-guided, free-hand needle biopsy of brain tumors in dogs. Prog Vet Neurol 1993, 4:41.
114. Koblik PD, LeCouteur RA, Higgins RJ, et al. Modification and application of a Pelorus Mark III stereotactic system for CT-guided biopsy in 50 dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 1999, 40:424.
115. Koblik PD, LeCouteur RA, Higgins RJ, et al. CT-guided brain biopsy using a modified Pelorus Mark III stereotactic system: Experience with 50 dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 1999, 40:434.
116. Speciale J, Koffman BM, Bashirelahi N, et al. Identification of gonadal steroid receptors in meningiomas from dogs and cats. Am J Vet Res 1990, 51:833.
117. Jeffery N, Brearley MJ Brain tumours in the dog: treatment of 10 cases and review of recent literature, J. Small Anim Pract 1993, 34:367.
118. Hogge GS, Burkholder JK, Culp J, et al. Development of human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-transfected tumor cell vaccines for the treatment of spontaneous canine cancer. Hum Gene Ther 1998, 9:1851.
119. Costantini LC, Bakowska JC, Breakfield XO, et al. Gene therapy in the CNS. Gene Ther 2000, 7:93.
120. Eljamel MS New light on the brain: the role of photosensitizing agents and laser light in the management of invasive intracranial tumors. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2003, 2:303-309.
121. Feder BM, Fry TR, Kostolich M, et al. Nd:YAG laser cytoreduction of an invasive intracranial meningioma in a dog. Prog Vet Neurol 1993, 4:3.
122. Shores A Intracranial surgery. Textbook of small animal surgery 1993, WB Saunders, Philadelphia. ed 2. D.H. Slatter (Ed.).
123. Bagley RS, Harrington ML, Pluhar GE, et al. Acute, unilateral transverse sinus occlusion during craniectomy in seven dogs with space-occupying intracranial disease. Vet Surg 1997, 26:195.
124. Gallagher JG, Berg J, Knowles KE, et al. Prognosis after surgical excision of cerebral meningiomas in cats: 17 cases (1986-1992). J Am Vet Med Assoc 1993, 203:1437.
125. Gordon LE, Thacher C, Matthiesen DT, et al. Results of craniotomy for the treatment of cerebral meningioma in 42 cats. Vet Surg 1994, 23:94.
126. Turrel JM, Fike JR, LeCouteur RA, et al. Radiotherapy of brain tumors in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1981, 184:82.
127. Turrel JM, Higgins RJ, Child G: Prognostic factors associated with irradiation of canine brain tumors, Vet Cancer Soc 6th Annual Conference, West Lafayette, IN, 1986.
128. LeCouteur RA, Sisson AF, Dow SW et al: Combined surgical debulking and irradiation for the treatment of a large frontal meningioma in 8 dogs, Vet Cancer Soc 7th Annual Conference, Madison, WI, 1987.
129. Dow SW, LeCouteur RA, Gillette EL, et al. Response of dogs with functional pituitary macroadenomas and macrocarcinomas to radiation therapy: results of a prospective study. J Small Anim Pract 1990, 31:287.
130. Noonan M, Kline KL, Meleo K Lymphoma of the central nervous system: a retrospective study of 18 cats. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 1997, 3:203.
131. LeCouteur RA, Gillette EL, Dow SW, et al. Radiation-response of autochthonous canine brain tumors. Int J Radiat Biol Oncol Biol Phys 1987, 13:166.
132. Evans SM, Dayrell-Hart B, Powlis W, et al. Radiation therapy of canine brain masses. J Vet Intern Med 1993, 7:216.
133. Gillette EL, Gillette SM Principles of radiation therapy. Semin Vet Med Surg (Small Anim) 1995, 10:129.
134. Théon AP, LeCouteur RA, Carr EA, et al. Influence of tumor cell proliferation and sex-hormone receptors on effectiveness of radiation therapy for dogs with incompletely resected meningiomas. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2000, 216:701-7078.
135. Théon AP, Feldman EC Megavoltage irradiation of pituitary macrotumors in dogs with neurologic signs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998, 213:225.
136. Goossens MMC, Feldman EC, Nelson RW, et al. Cobalt 60 irradiation of pituitary gland tumors in three cats with acromegaly. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998, 213:374.
137. Kaser-Hotz B, Rohrer CR, Stankeova S, et al. Radiotherapy of pituitary tumours in five cats. J Small Anim Pract 2002, 43:303-307.
138. Spugnini EP, Thrall DE, Price GS, et al. Primary irradiation of canine intracranial masses. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2000, 41:377-380.
139. Lester NV, Hopkins AL, Bova FJ, et al. Radiosurgery using a stereotactic headframe system for irradiation of brain tumors in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2001, 219:1562-1567.
140. Bley CR, Sumova A, Roos M, et al. Irradiation of brain tumors in dogs with neurologic disease. J Vet Intern Med 2005, 19:849-854.
141. McNeil EA, LaRue SM Principles of adjunctive radiation therapy. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract 1998, 13:33.
142. Moore MP, Gavin PR, Weidner JP et al: Boron neutron capture therapy for brain tumors, Proceedings of the 11th ACVIM Forum, Washington, DC, 1993.
143. Whelan HT, Schmidt MH, Segura AD, et al. The role of photodynamic therapy in posterior fossa brain tumors: a preclinical study in a canine glioma model. J Neurosurg 1993, 79:562.
144. Kangasniemi M, McNichols RJ, Bankson JA, et al. Thermal therapy of canine cerebral tumors using a 980 nm diode laser with MR temperature-sensitive imaging feedback. Lasers Surg Med 2004, 35:45-50.
145. Hopkins AL, Friedman WF, Bova F, et al. Stereotactic radiation therapy in the treatment of brain tumors in three dogs. J Vet Intern Med 1999, 13:275.
146. Iwamoto KS, Norman A, Freshwater DB, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of spontaneous canine brain tumors with a CT scanner. Radiother Oncol 1993, 26:76.
147. Cook JR Chemotherapy for brain tumors. Vet Med Rep 1990, 2:391.
148. Neuwelt EA: Blood-brain barrier manipulation: current status of laboratory and clinical studies, Proceedings 12th ACVIM Forum, San Francisco, CA, 1994.
149. Culver B, Inzana K, Jones J, et al. Technique of, and complications attributable to, repeated hyperosmotic blood-brain barrier disruption in dogs. Am J Vet Res 1998, 59:1503.
150. Pech IV, Peterson K, Cairncross JG Chemotherapy for brain tumors. Oncology 1998, 12:537.
151. Neuwalt EA, Goldman DL, Dahlborg SA, et al. Primary CNS lymphoma treated with osmotic blood-brain barrier disruption: prolonged survival and preservation of cognitive function. J Clin Oncol 1991, 9:1580.
152. Culver KW, Baese RM Gene therapy for cancer. Trends Genet 1994, 10:174.
153. Inamura T, Nomura T, Bartus RT, et al. Intracarotid infusion of RMP-7, a bradykinin analog: a method for selective drug delivery to brain tumors. J Neurosurg 1994, 81:752.
154. Scott-Moncrieff JCM Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid pharmacokinetics of intravenous ARA-C (cytosine arabinoside) in the dog (thesis) 1989, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.
155. Dimski DS, Cook JR Carmustine-induced partial remission of an astrocytoma in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1990, 26:179.
156. Fulton LM, Steinberg HS Preliminary study of lomustine in the treatment of intracranial masses in dogs following localization by imaging techniques. Semin Vet Med Surg 1990, 5:241.
157. Ingram M, Jacques DB, Freshwater DB, et al. Adoptive immunotherapy of brain tumors in dogs. Vet Med Rep 1990, 2:398.
158. Kong HL, Crystal RG Gene therapy strategies for tumor antiangiogenesis. J Nat Cancer Inst 1998, 90:273.
159. Gasparini G The rationale and future potential of angiogenesis inhibitors in neoplasia. Drugs 1999, 58:17.
160. Costantini LC, Bakowska JC, Breakfield XO, et al. Gene therapy in the CNS. Gene Ther 2000, 7:93.
161. Chauvet AE, Kesava PP, Goh CS, et al. Selective intraarterial gene delivery into a canine meningioma. J Neurosurg 1998, 88:870.
162. Kostolich M, Dulisch ML A surgical approach to the canine olfactory bulb for meningioma removal. Vet Surg 1987, 16:273.
163. Gavin PR, Kraft SL, DeHaan CE et al: Magnetic resonance and computed tomographic features of canine brain tumors following boron neutron capture therapy, 32nd Annual Meeting, Am Soc Ther Rad Oncol, Miami, FL, 1990.
164. Shell L, Colter SB, Blass CE, et al. Surgical removal of a meningioma in a cat after detection by computerized axial tomography. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1985, 21:439.
165. MclBlack P Brain tumors (first of two parts). New Engl J Med 1991, 324:1471.
166. Levin VA, Gutin PH, Leibel S Neoplasms of the central nervous system. Cancer: principles and practice of oncology 1993, JB Lippincott, Philadelphia. ed 4. V.T. DeVita, S. Hellman, S.A. Rosenberg (Eds.).
167. Levy MS, Kapatkin AS, Patnaik AK, et al. Spinal tumors in 37 dogs: clinical outcome and long-term survival (1987-1994). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1997, 33:307.
168. Fingeroth JM, Prata RG, Patnaik AK Spinal meningiomas in dogs: 13 cases (1972-1987). J Am Vet Med Assoc 1987, 191:720.
169. Luttgen PJ, Braund KG, Brauner WR, et al. A retrospective study of twenty-nine spinal tumors in the dog and cat. J Small Anim Pract 1980, 21:213.
170. Summers BA, de Lahunta A Unusual intradural extramedullary spinal cord tumors in twelve dogs. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1986, 45:322.
171. Summers BA, de Lahunta A, McEntee M, et al. A novel intradural extramedullary spinal cord tumor in young dogs. Acta Neuropathol 1988, 75:402.
172. Tamke PG, Foley GL Neuroepithelioma in a dog. Can Vet J 1987, 28:606.
173. Blass CE, Kirby BM, Kreege JM, et al. Teratomatous medulloepithelioma in the spinal cord of a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1988, 24:51.
174. Moissonnier P, Abbott DP Canine neuroepithelioma: case report and literature review. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1993, 29:397.
175. Ferretti A, Scanziani E, Colombo S Surgical treatment of a spinal cord tumor resembling nephroblastoma in a young dog. Prog Vet Neurol 1993, 4:84.
176. Ribas JL: Thoracolumbar spinal cord blastoma: a unique tumor of young dogs, Proceedings of the 8th ACVIM Forum, Washington, DC, 1990.
177. Waters DJ, Hayden DW Intramedullary spinal cord metastasis in the dog. J Vet Intern Med 1990, 4:207.
178. Lane SB, Kornegay JN, Duncan JR, et al. Feline spinal lymphosarcoma: a retrospective evaluation of 23 cats. J Vet Intern Med 1994, 8:99.
179. Meincke JE, Hobbie WV, Hardy WD Lymphoreticular malignancies in the cat: clinical findings. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1972, 160:1093.
180. Marioni-Henry K, Vite CH, Newton AL, et al. Prevalence of diseases of the spinal cord of cats. J Vet Intern Med 2004, 18:851-858.
181. Kornegay JN Feline neurology. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 1981, 3:203.
182. Spodnick GJ, Berg J, Moore FM, et al. Spinal lymphoma in cats: 21 cases (1976-1989). J Am Vet Med Assoc 1992, 200:373.
183. Barr MC, Butt MT, Anderson KL, et al. Spinal lymphosarcoma and disseminated mastocytoma associated with feline immunodeficiency virus infection in a cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1993, 202:1978.
184. Wright JA, Bell DA, Clayton-Jones DG The clinical and radiological features associated with spinal tumors in thirty dogs. J Small Anim Pract 1979, 20:461.
185. Dernell WS, Van Vechten BJ, Straw RD, et al. Outcome following treatment of vertebral tumors in 20 dogs (1986-1995). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2000, 36:2045-2051.
186. Morgan JP, Ackerman N, Bailey CS, et al. Vertebral tumors in the dog: a clinical, radiologic, and pathologic study of 61 primary and secondary lesions. Vet Radiol 1980, 21:197.
187. Lewis DD, Kim DY, Paulsen DB, et al. Extradural spinal liposarcoma in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1991, 199:1606.
188. Turner JL, Luttgen PJ, VanGundy TE, et al. Multicentric osseous lymphoma with spinal extradural involvement in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1992, 200:196.
189. Macpherson GC, Chadwick BJ, Robbins PD Intramedullary spinal cord metastasis of a primary lung tumour in a dog. J Small Anim Pract 1993, 34:242.
190. Neer TM, Kreeger JM Cervical spinal cord astrocytoma in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1987, 191:84.
191. Luttgen PJ Neoplasms of the spine. Vet Clin North Am 1992, 22:973.
192. Reif U, Lowrie CT, Fitzgerald SD Extradural spinal angiolipoma associated with bone lysis in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1998, 34:373.
193. Levitski RE, Lipsitz D, Chauvet AE Magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spine in 27 dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 1999, 40:332.
194. Kippenes H, Gavin PR, Bagley RS, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging features of tumors of the spine and spinal cord in dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 1999, 40:627.
195. Gilmore DR Neoplasia of the cervical spinal cord and vertebrae in the dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1983, 19:1009.
196. Dernell WS, Van Veehten BJ, Straw RC, et al. outcome following treatment of vertebral tumors in 20 dogs (1986-1995). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2000, 36:245-251.
197. Schueler RO, Roush JK, Oyster RA Spinal ganglioneuroma in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1993, 203:539.
198. Jeffery ND Treatment of epidural haemangiosarcoma in a dog. J Small Anim Pract 1991, 32:359.
199. Bentley JF, Simpson ST, Hathcock JT, et al. Metastatic thyroid follicular carcinoma in the cervical portion of the spine of a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1990, 197:1498.
200. Bell FW, Feeney DA, O'Brien TJ, et al. External beam radiation therapy for recurrent intraspinal meningioma in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1992, 28:318.
201. Irving G, McMillan MC Fluoroscopically guided percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy of thoracolumbar spinal lesions in cats. Prog Vet Neurol 1990, 1:473.
202. Poncelet L, Snaps F, Jacobovitz D, et al. Successful removal of an intramedullary spinal paraganglioma from a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1994, 30:213.
203. Chauvet AE, Hogge GS, Sandin JA, et al. Vertebrectomy, bone allograft fusion, and antitumor vaccination for the treatment of vertebral fibrosarcoma in a dog. Vet Surg 1999, 28:480.
204. Wara WM, Sheline GE Radiation therapy of tumors of the spinal cord. Neurological surgery 1982, 5. WB Saunders, Philadelphia. ed 2. J.R. Youmans (Ed.).
205. Bradley RL, Withrow SJ, Snyder SP Nerve sheath tumors in the dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1982, 18:915.
206. Innes JRH, Saunders LZ Neoplastic diseases. Comparative neuropathology 1962, Academic Press, New York. J.R.H. Innes, L.Z. Saunders (Eds.).
207. Brehm DM, Vite CH, Steinberg HS, et al. A retrospective evaluation of 51 cases of peripheral nerve sheath tumors in the dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1995, 31:349.
208. Goedegebuure SA A case of neurofibromatosis in the dog. J Small Anim Pract 1975, 16:329.
209. Sharp NJH Neurological deficits in one limb. Manual of small animal neurology 1989, British Small Animal Veterinary Association, Cheltenham. S.J. Wheeler (Ed.).
210. Lewis JC, Reardon MJ, Montgomery A Paraganglioma involving the spinal cord of a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1976, 168:864.
211. Speciale J, Hendrick MJ, Steinberg SA Paraganglioma cell tumors of nonbranchiomeric origin in three dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1993, 29:49.
212. Allen JG, Amis T Lymphosarcoma involving cranial nerves in a cat. Aust Vet J 1975, 51:155.
213. Northington JW, Juliana MM Extradural lymphosarcoma in six cats. J Small Anim Pract 1978, 19:409.
214. Schaer M, Zaki FA, Harvey HJ, et al. Laryngeal hemiplegia due to neoplasia of the vagus nerve in a cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1979, 174:513.
215. Hobbs SL, Cobb MA A cranial neuropathy associated with lymphosarcoma in a dog. Vet Rec 1990, 127:525.
216. Birch R Peripheral nerve tumors. Peripheral neuropathies 1993, WB Saunders, Philadelphia. ed 3. P.J. Dyck, P.K. Thomas (Eds.).
217. Russel DS, Rubinstein LJ Pathology of tumors of the nervous system 1977, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. ed 4.
218. Dahme E, Bilzer T, Stavrou D: Classification of canine PNS-tumors based on EM- and PAP-techniques, Proceedings of the Joint Meeting, World Assoc of Vet Pathologists, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 1984.
219. Lusk MD, Kline DG, Garcia CA Tumors of the brachial plexus. Neurosurgery 1987, 21:439.
220. Zachary JF, O'Brien DP, Ingles BW, et al. Multicentric nerve sheath fibrosarcomas of multiple cranial nerve roots in two dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1986, 188:723.
221. Cordy DR Tumors of the nervous system and eye. Tumors of domestic animals 1978, University of California Press, Berkeley. ed 2. J.E. Moulton (Ed.).
222. Cravioto H Neoplasms of peripheral nerves. Neurosurgery 1985, McGraw-Hill, New York. R.H. Wilkins, S.S. Rengachary (Eds.).
223. de Lahunta A Veterinary neuroanatomy and clinical neurology 1983, WB Saunders, Philadelphia. ed 2.
224. Budzilovich GN Granular cell "myoblastoma" of vagus nerve. Acta Neuropathol 1968, 10:162.
225. Targett MP, Dyce J, Houlton JEF Tumors involving the nerve sheaths of the forelimb in dogs. J Small Anim Pract 1993, 34:221.
226. Carmichael S, Griffiths IR Tumors involving the brachial plexus in seven dogs. Vet Rec 1981, 108:435.
227. Bailey CS Patterns of cutaneous anesthesia associated with brachial plexus avulsions in the dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1984, 185:889.
228. Boring JG, Swaim SF Malignant schwannoma (neurilemmoma): an extramedullary intradural tumor causing cervical cord compression in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1973, 9:342.
229. Holliday TA Electrodiagnostic examination: somatosensory evoked potentials and electromyography. Vet Clin North Am 1992, 22:833.
230. McCarthy RJ, Feeney DA, Lipowitz AJ Preoperative diagnosis of tumors of the brachial plexus by use of computed tomography in three dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1993, 202:291.
231. Platt SR, Graham J, Chrisman CL, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography in the diagnosis of a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor in a dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 1999, 40:367.
232. Troy GC, Hurov LI, King GK Successful surgical removal of a cervical subdural neurofibrosarcoma. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1979, 15:477.
233. Bradney IW, Forsyth WM A schwannoma causing cervical spinal cord compression in a dog. Aust Vet J 1986, 63:374.
234. Bailey CS Long-term survival after surgical excision of a schwannoma of the sixth cervical spinal nerve in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1990, 196:754.
235. Youmans JR, Ishida WY Tumors of peripheral and sympathetic nerves. Neurological surgery 1982, WB Saunders, Philadelphia. J.R. Youmans (Ed.).
236. Braund KG, McGuire JA, Amling KA, et al. Peripheral neuropathy associated with malignant neoplasms in dogs. Vet Pathol 1987, 24:16.
237. Braund KG, Steiss JE, Amling KA, et al. Insulinoma and subclinical peripheral neuropathy in two dogs. J Vet Intern Med 1987, 1:86.
238. Griffiths IR, Duncan ID, Swallow JS Peripheral polyneuropathies in dogs: a study of five cases. J Small Anim Pract 1977, 18:101.
239. Presthus J, Teige J Peripheral neuropathy associated with lymphosarcoma in a dog. J Small Anim Pract 1986, 27:463.
240. Sorjonen DC, Braund KG, Hoff EJ Paraplegia and subclinical neuromyopathy associated with a primary lung tumor in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1982, 180:1209.
241. Braund KG Remote effects of cancer on the nervous system. Semin Vet Med Surg 1990, 5:262.
242. Duran ME, Ezquerra J, Roncero V, et al. Acute necrotizing myelopathy associated with a hepatocarcinoma. Prog Vet Neurol 1992, 3:35.
243. Patchell RA, Posner JB Neurologic complications of systemic cancer. Neurol Clin 1985, 3:729.
244. Silverstein SR, Marx JA Neurologic emergencies in patients with cancer. Top Emerg Med 1986, 8:1.
245. Kaplan RS, Wernik PH Neurotoxicity of antitumor agents. Toxicity of chemotherapy 1984, Grune & Stratton, New York. M.C. Perry, J. Yarbro (Eds.).
246. Posner JB Neurological complications of systemic cancer. Med Clin North Am 1979, 63:783.
247. Kornblith PL, Walker MD, Cassady JR Neurologic oncology 1987, JB Lippincott, Philadelphia.