Vision and touch: Independent or integrated systems for the perception of texture?

Brain Research

Volumn 1242, Issue , 2008, Pages 59-72

  Whitaker, T Aisling ^a   Simões Franklin, Cristina ^a   Newell, Fiona N ^a  

^a TRINITY COLLEGE DUBLIN   (Ireland)

Author keywords

Crossmodal perception; Multisensory integration; Neuroimaging; Texture perception; Touch; Vision

Indexed keywords

HUMAN; NERVE POTENTIAL; NEUROIMAGING; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS; REVIEW; SENSORIMOTOR FUNCTION; TACTILE STIMULATION; VISUAL STIMULATION;

ANIMALS; BRAIN; HUMANS; TOUCH PERCEPTION; VISUAL PERCEPTION;

EID: 55549133593     PISSN: 00068993     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.05.037     Document Type: Review

References (172)

1. Ageranioti-Belanger S.A., and Chapman C.E. Discharge properties of neurones in the hand area of primary somatosensory cortex in monkeys in relation to the performance of an active tactile discrimination task. II. Area 2 as compared to areas 3b and 1. Exp. Brain Res. 91 (1992) 207-228
2. Amedi A., von Kriegstein K., van Atteveldt N.M., Beauchamp M.S., and Naumer M.J. Functional imaging of human crossmodal identification and object recognition. Exp. Brain Res. 166 (2005) 559-571
3. Ballesteros S., Reales J.M., Poncé de Leon L., and García B. The perception ofecological textures by touch: does the perceptual space change under bimodal visual and haptic exploration?. Proceedings of the First Joint Eurohaptics Conference and Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems (World Haptics) (2005)
4. Barlow H.B. The efficiency of detecting changes of density in random dot patterns. Vis. Res. 18 (1978) 637-650
5. Beason-Held L.L., Purpura K.P., Krasuski J.S., Maisog J.M., Daly E.M., Mangot D.J., Desmond R.E., Optican L.M., Schapiro M.B., and VanMeter J.W. Cortical regions involved in visual texture perception: A fMRI study. Cogn. Brain Res. 7 (1998) 111-118
6. Beck J. Similarity grouping and peripheral discriminability under uncertainty. Am. J. Psychol. 85 (1972) 1-19
7. Beck J. Similarity grouping of curves. Percept. Mot. Skills 36 (1973) 1331-1341
8. Bensmaïa S.J., and Hollins M. The vibrations of texture. Somatosens Motor Res. 20 (2003) 33-43
9. Bergen J.R. Theories of visual texture perception. In: Regan D. (Ed). Vision and Visual Dysfunction (1991), Macmillan, New York 114-134
10. Bergen J.R., and Adelson E.H. Early vision and texture perception. Nature 333 (1988) 363-364
11. Bergmann Tiest W.M., and Kappers A.M.L. Analysis of haptic perception of materials by multidimensional scaling and physical measurements of roughness and compressibility. Acta Psychol. (Amst). 121 (2006) 1-20
12. Bergmann Tiest W.M., and Kappers A.M.L. Haptic and visual perception of roughness. Acta Psychol. (Amst). 124 (2007) 177-189
13. Binns H. Visual and tactual 'judgement' as illustrated in a practical experiment. Brit. J. Psychol. 27 (1936) 404-410
14. Bjorkman M. Relations between intra-modal and cross-modal matching. Scand. J. Psychol. 8 (1967) 65-76
15. Blake D.T., Hsiao S.S., and Johnson K.O. Neural coding mechanisms in tactile pattern recognition: the relative contributions of slowly and rapidly adapting mechanoreceptors to perceived roughness. J. Neurosci. 17 (1997) 7480-7489
16. Bodegard A., Geyer S., Grefkes C., Zilles K., and Roland P.E. Hierarchical processing of tactile shape in the human brain. Neuron 31 (2001) 317-328
17. Bodegard A., Geyer S., Naito E., Zilles K., and Roland P.E. Somatosensory areas in man activated by moving stimuli: cytoarchitectonic mapping and pet. NeuroReport 11 (2000) 187-191
18. Bolanowski S.J., Gescheider G.A., Verrillo R.T., and Checkosky C.M. Four channels mediate the mechanical aspects of touch. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 84 (1988) 1680-1694
19. Brown I.D. Visual and tactual judgments of surface roughness. Ergonomics 3 (1960) 51-61
20. Bryant P.E., and Raz I. Visual and tactual perception of shape by young children. Dev. Psychol. 11 (1975) 525-526
21. Burton H. Second somatosensory cortex and related areas. In: Jones E., and Peters A. (Eds). Cerebral Cortex: Sensory-Motor Areas and Aspects of Cortical Connectivity (1986), Plenum, New York 31-99
22. Cannon L.K. Intermodality inconsistency of input and directed attention as determinants of the nature of adaptation. J. Exp. Psychol. 84 (1970) 141-147
23. Cant J.S., and Goodale M.A. Attention to form or surface properties modulates different regions of human occipitotemporal cortex. Cereb. Cortex. 17 (2007) 713-731
24. Cant J.S., Large M.-E., McCall L., and Goodale M.A. Independent processing of form, colour, and texture in object perception. Perception 37 (2008) 57-78
25. Cascio C.J., and Sathian K. Temporal cues contribute to tactile perception of roughness. J. Neurosci. 21 (2001) 5289-5296
26. Cashdan S. Visual and haptic form discrimination under conditions of successive stimulation. J. Exp. Psychol. 76 (1968) 215-218
27. Chapman C.E., and Ageranioti-Belanger S.A. Discharge properties of neurones in the hand area of primary somatosensory cortex in monkeys in relation to the performance of an active tactile discrimination task. I. Areas 3b and 1. Exp. Brain Res. 87 (1991) 319-339
28. Connor C.E., and Johnson K.O. Neural coding of tactile texture: comparison of spatial and temporal mechanisms for roughness perception. J. Neurosci. 12 (1992) 3414-3426
29. Connor C.E., Hsiao S.S., Phillips J.R., and Johnson K.O. Tactile roughness: neural codes that account for psychophysical magnitude estimates. J. Neurosci. 10 (1990) 3823-3836
30. Culham J.C., and Valyear K.F. Human parietal cortex in action. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 16 (2006) 205-212
31. Darian-Smith I., Sugitani M., Heywood J., Karita K., and Goodwin A.W. Touching textured surfaces: cells in somatosensory cortex respond both to finger movement and to surface features. Science 218 (1982) 906-909
32. De Valois R.L., and De Valois K.K. Spatial Vision (1988), Oxford University Press, New York
33. Durgin F.H. Texture density adaptation and the perceived numerosity and disctribution of texture. J. Exp. Psychol. 21 (1995) 149-169
34. Easton R.D., Greene A.J., and Srinivas K. Transfer between vision and haptics: memory for 2-d and 3-d objects. Psychon. Bull. Rev. 4 (1997) 403-410
35. Eickhoff S.B., Amunts K., Mohlberg H., and Zilles K. The human parietal operculum. II. Stereotaxic maps and correlation with functional imaging results. Cereb. Cortex. 16 (2006) 268-279
36. Eickhoff S.B., Schleicher A., Zilles K., and Amunts K. The human parietal operculum. I. Cytoarchitectonic mapping of subdivisions. Cereb. Cortex. 16 (2006) 254-267
37. Eickhoff S.B., Grefkes C., Zilles K., and Fink G.R. The somatotopic organization of cytoarchitectonic areas on the human parietal operculum. Cereb. Cortex. 17 (2007) 1800-1811
38. Ekman G., Hosman J., and Lindstrom B. Roughness, smoothness, and preference: a study of quantitative relations in individual subjects. J. Exp. Psychol. 70 (1965) 18-26
39. Epstein R., Harris A., Stanley D., and Kanwisher N. The parahippocampal place area: recognition, navigation, or encoding?. Neuron 23 (1999) 115-125
40. Epstein R., and Kanwisher N. A cortical representation of the local visual environment. Nature 392 (1998) 598-601
41. Ernst M.O., and Banks M.S. Humans integrate visual and haptic information in a statistically optimal fashion. Nature 415 (2002) 429-433
42. Ernst M.O., Lange C., and Newell F.N. Multisensory recognition of actively explored objects. Can. J. Exp. Psycyhol. 61 (2007) 242-253
43. Findlay J.M., and Gilchrist I.D. Active Vision: The Psychology of Looking and Seeing (2003), Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK
44. Gamzu E., and Ahissar E. Importance of temporal cues for tactile spatial-frequency discrimination. J. Neurosci. 21 (2001) 7416-7427
45. Garcha H.S., and Ettlinger G. Tactile discrimination learning in the monkey: The effects of unilateral or bilateral removals of the second somatosensory cortex (area SII). Cortex 16 (1980) 397-412
46. Gescheider G.A., Bolanowski Jr. S.J., Greenfield T.C., and Brunette K.E. Perception of the tactile texture of raised dot patterns: a multidimensional analysis. Somatosens. Motor Res. 22 (2005) 127-140
47. Gescheider G.A., Bolanowski S.J., and Hardick K. The frequency selectivity of information-processing channels in the tactile sensory system. Somatosens. Motor Res. 18 (2001) 191-201
48. Gescheider G.A., Bolanowski S.J., Pope J., and Verrillo R.T. A four-channel analysis of the tactile sensitivity of the fingertip: frequency selectivity, spatial summation, and temporal summation. Somatosens. Motor Res. 19 (2002) 114-124
49. Gibson J.J. Adaptation, after-effect, and contrast in the perception of curved lines. J. Exp. Psychol. 16 (1933) 1-31
50. Gibson J.J., and Radner M. Adaptation, after-effect, and contrast in the perception of tilted lines: I. Quantitative studies. J. Exp. Psychol. 20 (1937) 453-467
51. Ginsburg N., and Goldstein S.R. Measurement of visual cluster. Am. J. Psychol. 100 (1987) 193-203
52. Goodwin A.W., and Morley J.W. Sinusoidal movement of a grating across the monkey's fingerpad: Representation of grating and movement features in afferent fiber responses. J. Neurosci. 7 (1987) 2168-2180
53. Goodwin A.W., and Morley J.W. Sinusoidal movement of a grating across the monkey's fingerpad: effect of contact angle and force of grating on afferent fiber responses. J. Neurosci. 7 (1987) 2192-2202
54. Goodwin A.W., John K.T., Sathian K., and Darian-Smith I. Spatial and temporal factors determining afferent fiber responses to a grating moving sinusoidally over the monkey's fingerpad. J. Neurosci. 9 (1989) 1280-1293
55. Graham N.V.S. Visual Pattern Analyzers (1989), Oxford University Press, New York
56. Graham N.V.S. Breaking the visual stimulus into parts. Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci. 1 (1992) 55-61
57. Guest S., and Spence C. What role does multisensory integration play in the visuotactile perception of texture?. Int. J. Psychophysiol. 50 (2003) 63-80
58. Guest S., Catmur C., Lloyd D., and Spence C. Audiotactile interactions in roughness perception. Exp. Brain Res. 146 (2002) 161-171
59. Harada T., Saito D.N., Kashikura K., Sato T., Yonekura Y., Honda M., and Sadato N. Asymmetrical neural substrates of tactile discrimination in humans: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. J. Neurosci. 24 (2004) 7524-7530
60. Heller M.A. Visual and tactual texture perception: Intersensory cooperation. Percept. Psychophys. 31 (1982) 339-344
61. Heller M.A. Texture perception in sighted and blind observers. Percept. Psychophys. 45 (1989) 49-54
62. Ho Y.X., Maloney L.T., and Landy M.S. The effect of viewpoint on perceived visual roughness. J. Vision. 7 (2007) 1
63. Hollins M., and Risner S.R. Evidence of the duplex theory of tactile texture perception. Percept. Psychophys. 62 (2000) 695-705
64. Hollins M., and Bensmaïa S.J. The coding of roughness. Can. J. Exp. Psycyhol. 61 (2007) 184-195
65. Hollins M., Faldowski R., Rao S., and Young F. Perceptual dimensions of tactile surface texture: a multidimensional scaling analysis. Percept. Psychophys. 54 (1993) 697-705
66. Hollins M., Bensmaïa S.J., and Risner S.R. The duplex theory of tactile texture perception. In: Grondin S., and Lacouture Y. (Eds). Proceedings of the 14th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Psychophysics (1998), The International Society for Psychophysics, Québec, Canada 115-120
67. Hollins M., Bensmaïa S.J., Karlof K., and Young F. Individual differences in perceptual space for tactile textures: evidence from multidimensional scaling. Percept. Psychophys. 62 (2000) 1534-1544
68. Hollins M., Fox A., and Bishop C. Imposed vibration influences perceived tactile smoothness. Perception 29 (2000) 1455-1465
69. Hollins M., Bensmaïa S.J., and Washburn S. Vibrotactile adaptation impairs discrimination of fine, but not coarse, textures. Somatosens. Motor Res. 18 (2001) 253-262
70. Hollins M., Bensmaïa S.J., and Roy E.A. Vibrotaction and texture perception. Behav. Brain Res. 135 (2002) 51-56
71. Hollins M., Lorenz F., and Harper D. Somatosensory coding of roughness: the effect of texture adaptation in direct and indirect touch. J. Neurosci. 26 (2006) 5582-5588
72. Humphrey G.K., Goodale M.A., Jakobson L.S., and Servos P. The role of surface information in object recognition: studies of a visual form agnosic and normal subjects. Perception 23 (1994) 1457-1481
73. James T.W., Culham J., Humphrey G.K., Milner A.D., and Goodale M.A. Ventral occipital lesions impair object recognition but not object-directed grasping: an fMRI study. Brain 126 (2003) 2463-2475
74. Jiang W., Tremblay F., and Chapman C.E. Neuronal encoding of texture changes in the primary and the secondary somatosensory cortical areas of monkeys during passive texture discrimination. J. Neurophysiol. 77 (1997) 1656-1662
75. Johansson R.S., and Vallbo A.B. Tactile sensibility in the human hand: relative and absolute densities of four types of mechanoreceptive units in glabrous skin. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 286 (1979) 283-300
76. Jones L.A., and Lederman S.J. Human Hand Function (2006), Oxford University Press, New York
77. Jones B., and O'Neill S. Combining vision and touch in texture perception. Percept. Psychophys. 37 (1985) 66-72
78. Jousmaki V., and Forss N. Effects of stimulus intensity on signals from human somatosensory cortices. NeuroReport 9 (1998) 3427-3431
79. Julesz B. Textons, the elements of texture perception, and their interactions. Nature 290 (1981) 91-97
80. Julesz B., Gilbert E.N., and Victor J.D. Visual discrimination of textures with identical third-order statistics. Biol. Cybern. 31 (1978) 137-140
81. Kaas J.H., and Collins C.F. The organization of somatosensory cortex in anthropoid primates. Adv. Neurol. 93 (2003) 57-67
82. Kastner S., De Weerd P., and Ungerleider L.G. Texture segregation in the human visual cortex: a functional MRI study. J. Neurophysiol. 83 (2000) 2453-2457
83. Katz D. Der aufbau der tastwelt [the world of touch]. Z. Psychol. 11 (1925)
84. Kelso J., Cook E., Olson M., and Epstein W. Allocation of attention and the locus of adaptation to displaced vision. J. Exp. Psychol. Hum. Percept. Perform 1 (1975) 237-245
85. Kitada R., Hashimoto T., Kochiyama T., Kito T., Okada T., Matsumura M., Lederman S.J., and Sadato N. Tactile estimation of the roughness of gratings yields a graded response in the human brain: an fMRI study. NeuroImage 25 (2005) 90-100
86. Klatzky R.L., and Lederman S.J. The Intelligent Hand (1987), Academic Press, San Diego
87. Klatzky R.L., Lederman S.J., and Reed C.L. There's more to touch than meets the eye: the salience of object attributes for haptics with and without vision. J. Exp. Psychol. Gen. 116 (1987) 356-369
88. Klatzky R.L., Lederman S.J., and Reed C.L. Haptic integration of object properties: texture, hardness and planar contour. J. Exp. Psychol. Hum. Percept. Perform. 15 (1989) 45-57
89. Lamb G.D. Tactile discrimination of textured surfaces: psychophysical performance measurements in humans. J. Physiol. 338 (1983) 551-565
90. Landy M.S. Texture perception. In: Adelman G. (Ed). Encyclopedia of Neuroscience (1996), Elsevier, Amsterdam
91. Landy M.S., and Graham N. Visual perception of texture. In: Chalupa L., and Werner J.S. (Eds). The Visual Neurosciences (2004), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA 1106-1118
92. Larsson J., Landy M.S., and Heeger D.J. Orientation-selective adaptation to first- and second-order patterns in human visual cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 95 (2006) 862-881
93. Ledberg A., O'Sullivan B.T., Kinomura S., and Roland P.E. Somatosensory activations of the parietal operculum of man. A pet study. Eur. J. Neurosci. 7 (1995) 1934-1941
94. Lederman S.J., and Taylor M.M. Fingertip force, surface geometry and the perception of roughness by active touch. Percept. Psychophys. 12 (1972) 401-408
95. Lederman S.J. Auditory texture perception. Perception 8 (1979) 93-103
96. Lederman S.J. The perception of surface roughness by active and passive touch. Bull Psychon. Soc. 18 (1981) 253-255
97. Lederman S.J. The perception of texture by touch. In: Schiff W., and Foulke E. (Eds). Tactual Perception (1982), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK 130-167
98. Lederman S.J. Tactual roughness perception: spatial and temporal determinants. Can. J. Psychol. 37 (1983) 498-511
99. Lederman S.J., and Abbott S.G. Texture perception: studies of intersensory organization using a discrepancy paradigm, and visual versus tactual psychophysics. J. Exp. Psychol. Hum. Percept. Perform. 7 (1981) 902-915
100. Lederman S.J., and Klatzky R.L. Hand movements: a window into haptic object recognition. Cogn. Psychol. 19 (1987) 342-368
101. Lederman S.J., and Klatzky R.L. Multisensory texture perception. In: Calvert G.A., Spence C., and Stein B.E. (Eds). The Handbook of Multisensory Processes (2004), MIT Press, London, UK
102. Lederman S.J., Thorne G., and Jones B. Perception of texture by vision and touch: multidimensionality and intersensory integration. J. Exp. Psychol. Hum. Percept. Perform. 12 (1986) 169-180
103. Marks L.E. The Unity of the Senses: Interrelations Among the Modalities (1978), Academic Press, New York
104. Marr D. Early processing of visual information. Phil. T. R. Soc. B 275 (1976) 483-518
105. Marr D. Vision: A Computational Investigation into the Human Representation and Processing of Visual Information (1982), Freeman, San Francisco, CA
106. McGlone F.P., Vallbo A.B., Olausson H., Loken L., and Wessberg J. Discriminative touch and emotional touch. Can. J. Exp. Psycyhol. 61 (2007) 173-183
107. Meltzoff A.N., and Borton R.W. Intermodal matching by human neonates. Nature 282 (1979) 403-404
108. Menees M., and Zigler M.J. An experimental study of the perceptions roughness and smoothness. Am. J. Psychol. 34 (1923) 542-549
109. Merabet L., Thut G., Murray B., Andrews J., Hsiao S., and Pascual-Leone A. Feeling by sight or seeing by touch?. Neuron 42 (2004) 173-179
110. Merabet L.B., Swisher J.D., McMains S.A., Halko M.A., Amedi A., Pascual-Leone A., and Somers D.C. Combined activation and deactivation of the visual cortex during tactile sensory processing. J. Neurophysiol. 97 (2007) 1633-1641
111. Millar S. Understanding and Representing Space (1994), Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK
112. Milner A.D., and Bryant P.E. Cross-modal matching by young children. J. Comp. Physiol. Psych. 71 (1970) 453-458
113. Milner A.D., Perrett D.I., Johnston R.S., Benson P.J., Jordan T.R., Heeley D.W., et al. Perception and action in 'visual form agnosia'. Brain 114 (1991) 405-428
114. Miyaoka T., Mano T., and Ohka M. Mechanisms of fine-surface-texture discrimination in human tactile sensation. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 105 (1999) 2485-2492
115. Molina M., and Jouen F. Modulation of manual activity by vision in human newborns. Dev. Psychol. 38 (2001) 123-132
116. Morley J.W., and Goodwin A.W. Sinusoidal movement of a grating across the monkey's fingerpad: temporal patterns of afferent fiber responses. J. Neurosci. 7 (1987) 2181-2191
117. Murray E.A., and Mishkin M. Relative contributions of sii and area 5 to tactile discrimination in monkeys. Behav. Brain Res. 11 (1984) 67-83
118. Nelson A.J., Staines W.R., Graham S.J., and McIlroy W.E. Activation in SI and SII: the influence of vibrotactile amplitude during passive and task-relevant stimulation. Brain Res. Cogn. Brain Res. 19 (2004) 174-184
119. Newell F.N., Ernst M.O., Tjan B.S., and Bülthoff H.H. Viewpoint dependence in visual and haptic object recognition. Psychol. Sci. 12 (2001) 37-42
120. Newman S.D., Klatzky R.L., Lederman S.J., and Just M.A. Imagining material versus geometric properties of objects: an fMRI study. Cogn. Brain Res. 23 (2005) 235-246
121. Olson R.K., and Attneave F. What variables produce similarity grouping?. Am. J. Psychol. 83 (1970) 1-21
122. O'Sullivan B.T., Roland P.E., and Kawashima R. A PET study of somatosensory discrimination in man. Microgeometry versus macrogeometry. Eur. J. Neurosci. 6 (1994) 137-148
123. Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Retrieved Jan. 30, 2008 from http://www.askoxford.com/concise_oed/texture.
124. Peuskens H., Claeys K.G., Todd J.T., Norman J.F., Van Hecke P., and Orban G.A. Attention to 3-D shape, 3-D motion, and texture in 3-D structure from motion displays. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 16 (2004) 665-682
125. Picard D. Partial perceptual equivalence between vision and touch for texture information. Acta Psychol. (Amst.) 121 (2006) 227-248
126. Picard D. Tactual, visual, and cross-modal transfer of texture in 5- and 8-year-old children. Perception 36 (2007) 722-736
127. Picard D., Dacremont C., Valentin D., and Giboreau A. Perceptual dimensions of tactile textures. Acta Psychol. (Amst). 114 (2003) 165-184
128. Pruett Jr. J.R., Sinclair R.J., and Burton H. Response patterns in second somatosensory cortex (SII) of awake monkeys to passively applied tactile gratings. J. Neurophysiol. 84 (2000) 780-797
129. Pruett Jr. J.R., Sinclair R.J., and Burton H. Neural correlates for roughness choice in monkey second somatosensory cortex (SII). J. Neurophysiol. 86 (2001) 2069-2080
130. Puce A., Allison T., Asgari M., Gore J.C., and McCarthy G. Differential sensitivity of human visual cortex to faces, letterstrings, and textures: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. J. Neurosci. 16 (1996) 5205-5215
131. Randolph M., and Semmes J. Behavioral consequences of selective subtotal ablations in the postcentral gyrus of macaca mulatta. Brain Res. 70 (1974) 55-70
132. Rexroad K., and White H. Sex differences in visual and tactual modes of texture discrimination. J. Genet. Psychol. 149 (1987) 131-132
133. Ridley R.M., and Ettlinger G. Impaired tactile learning and retention after removals of the second somatic sensory projection cortex (SII) in the monkey. Brain Res. 109 (1976) 656-660
134. Ridley R.M., and Ettlinger G. Further evidence of impaired tactile learning after removals of the second somatic sensory projection cortex (SII) in the monkey. Exp. Brain Res. 31 (1978) 475-488
135. Rock I., and Victor J.D. Vision and touch: an experimentally created conflict between the two senses. Science 143 (1964) 594-596
136. Roland P.E., O'Sullivan B., and Kawashima R. Shape and roughness activate different somatosensory areas in the human brain. P. Natl. Acad. Sci. 95 (1998) 3295-3300
137. Sailer U., Eggert T., Ditterich J., Hassenzahl M., and Straube A. Haptic texture affects the kinematics of pointing movements, but not of eye movements. NeuroReport 14 (2003) 467-469
138. Sann C., and Streri A. Perception of object shape and texture in human newborns: evidence from cross-modal transfer tasks. Dev. Sci. 10 (2007) 399-410
139. Sathian K., and Burton H. The role of spatially selective attention in the tactile perception of texture. Percept. Psychophys. 50 (1991) 237-248
140. Sathian K., Goodwin A.W., John K.T., and Darian-Smith I. Perceived roughness of a grating: correlation with responses of mechanoreceptive afferents innervating the monkey's fingerpad. J. Neurosci. 9 (1989) 1273-1279
141. Sathian K., Zangaladze A., Hoffman J.M., and Grafton S.T. Feeling with the mind's eye. NeuroReport 8 (1997) 3877-3881
142. Schifferstein H.N.J. The perceived importance of sensory modalities in product usage: a study of selfreports. Acta Psychol. (Amst.) 121 (2006) 41-64
143. Schifferstein H.N.J., and Cleiren M.P.H.D. Capturing product experiences: a split-modality approach. Acta Psychol. (Amst.) 118 (2005) 293-318
144. Schira M.M., Fahle M., Donner T.H., Kraft A., and Brandt S.A. Differential contribution of early visual areas to the perceptual process of contour processing. J. Neurophysiol. 91 (2004) 1716-1721
145. Sergent J., Ohta S., and MacDonald B. Functional neuroanatomy of face and object processing. A positron emission tomography study. Brain 115 (1992) 15-36
146. Servos P., Lederman S., Wilson D., and Gati J. fMRI-derived cortical maps for haptic shape, texture, and hardness. Brain Res. Cogn. Brain Res. 12 (2001) 307-313
147. Sinclair R., and Burton H. Responses from area 3b of somatosensory cortex to textured surfaces during active touch in primate. Somatosens. Res. 5 (1988) 283-310
148. Sinclair R., and Burton H. Neuronal activity in the second somatosensory cortex of monkeys (macaca mulatta) during active touch of gratings. J. Neurophysiol. 70 (1993) 331-350
149. Smith A.M., Chapman C.E., Deslandes M., Langlais J.S., and Thibodeau M.P. Role of friction and tangential force variation in the subjective scaling of tactile roughness. Exp. Brain Res. 144 (2002) 211-223
150. Stilla, R., Sathian, K., in press. Selective visuo-haptic processing of shape and texture. Hum. Brain Mapp. Corrected proof.
151. Stoeckel M.C., Weder B., Binkofski F., Buccino G., Shah N.J., and Seitz R.J. A fronto-parietal circuit for tactile object discrimination: an event-related fMRI study. NeuroImage 19 (2003) 1103-1114
152. Sutherling W.W., Levesque M.F., and Baumgartner C. Cortical sensory representation of the human hand: size of finger regions and nonoverlapping digit somatotopy. Neurology 42 (1992) 1020-1028
153. Taylor M.M., Lederman S.J., and Gibson R.H. Tactual perception of texture. In: Carterette E., and Friedman M. (Eds). Handbook of Perception (1973), Academic press, New York
154. Thielscher A., Kölle M., Neumann H., Spitzer M., and Grön G. Texture segmentation in human perception: a combined modelling and fMRI study. Neuroscience 151 (2008) 730-736
155. Vallbo A.B., and Johansson R.S. Properties of cutaneous mechanoreceptors in the human hand related to touch sensation. Hum. Neurobiol. 3 (1984) 3-14
156. Van Boven R.W., Ingeholm J.E., Beauchamp M.S., Bikle P.C., and Ungerleider L.G. Tactile form and location processing in the human brain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 102 (2005) 12601-12605
157. Van Boven R.W., and Johnson K.O. The limit of tactile spatial resolution in humans: grating orientation discrimination at the lip, tongue, and finger. Neurology 44 (1994) 2361-2366
158. Verrillo R.T. Subjective magnitude of tactile roughness. Somatosens. Motor Res. 16 (1999) 352-360
159. Verrillo R.T., and Gescheider G.A. Enhancement and summation in the perception of two successive vibrotactile stimuli. Percept. Psychophys. 18 (1975) 128-136
160. Verrillo R.T., and Gescheider G.A. Effect of prior stimulation on vibrotactile thresholds. Sens. Process 1 (1977) 292-300
161. Verrillo R.T., Gescheider G.A., Calman B.G., and Van Doren C.L. Vibrotactile masking: effects of one and two-site stimulation. Percept. Psychophys. 33 (1983) 379-387
162. von Scheiller P. Die rauhigkeit als intermodale erscheinung. [roughness as an intermodal phenomenon]. Z. Psychol. 127 (1932) 265-289
163. Warren D.H. Spatial localization under conflict conditions-is there a single explanation?. Perception 8 (1979) 323-338
164. Welch R.B., and Warren D.H. Immediate perceptual response to intersensory discrepancy. Psychol. Bull. 88 (1980) 638-667
165. Welch R.B., Widawski M.H., Harrington J., and Warren D.H. An examination of the relationship between visual capture and prism adaptation. Percept. Psychophys. 25 (1979) 126-132
166. Yoshida M. Dimensions of tactual impressions (1). Jpn. Psychol. Res. 10 (1968) 123-137
167. Yoshida M. Dimensions of tactual impressions (2). Jpn. Psychol. Res. 10 (1968) 157-173
168. Yoshioka T., Gibb B., Dorsch A.K., Hsiao S.S., and Johnson K.O. Neural coding mechanisms underlying perceived roughness of finely textured surfaces. J. Neurosci. 21 (2001) 6905-6916
169. Zangaladze A., Epstein C.M., Grafton S.T., and Sathian K. Involvement of visual cortex in tactile discrimination of orientation. Nature 401 (1999) 587-590
170. Zhang M., Weisser V.D., Stilla R., Prather S.C., and Sathian K. Multisensory cortical processing of object shape and its relation to mental imagery. Cogn. Affect. Behav. Neurosci. 4 (2004) 251-259
171. Zhang M., Mariola E., Stilla R., Stoesz M., Mao H., Hu X., and Sathian K. Tactile discrimination of grating orientation: fMRI activation patterns. Hum. Brain Mapp. 25 (2005) 370-377
172. Zilles K., and Palomero-Gallagher N. Cyto-, myelo-, and receptor architectonics of the human parietal cortex. NeuroImage 14 (2001) S8-20