The kinematic determinants of anuran swimming performance: An inverse and forward dynamics approach

Journal of Experimental Biology

Volumn 211, Issue 19, 2008, Pages 3181-3194

  Richards, Christopher T ^a  

^a HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Blade element model; Forward dynamic model; Frog; Hydrodynamics; Xenopus laevis

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; BIOMECHANICS; FROGS AND TOADS; HINDLIMB; HISTOLOGY; JOINT; PHYSIOLOGY; SWIMMING; XENOPUS LAEVIS;

ANIMALS; ANURA; BIOMECHANICS; HINDLIMB; JOINTS; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; SWIMMING; XENOPUS LAEVIS;

ANURA; XENOPUS LAEVIS;

EID: 55549128600     PISSN: 00220949     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1242/jeb.019844     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Altringham, J. and Ellerby, D. (1999). Fish swimming: patterns in muscle function. J. Exp. Biol. 202, 3397-3403.
2. Andersen, A., Pesavento, U. and Wang, Z. J. (2005). Unsteady aerodynamics of fluttering and tumbling plates. J. Fluid Mech. 541, 65-90.
3. Biewener, A. and Baudinette, R. (1995). In vivo muscle force and elastic energy storage during steady-speed hopping of tammar wallabies (Macropus eugenii). J. Exp. Biol. 198, 1829-1841.
4. Biewener, A. and Full, R. J. (1992). Force platform and kinematic analysis. In Biomechanics (ed. A. Biewener), pp. 45-73. New York: Oxford University Press.
5. Blake, R. W. (1979). The mechanics of labriform locomotion i. Labriform locomotion in the angelfish (Pterophyllum eimekei): an analysis of the power stroke. J. Exp. Biol. 82, 255-271.
6. Blake, R. W. (1985). Hydrodynamics of swimming in the water boatman, Cenocorixa bifida. Canadian J. Zool. 64, 1606-1613.
7. Brill, R. W. and Dizon, A. E. (1979). Red and white muscle fibre activity in swimming skipjack tuna, Katsuwonus pelamis (L.). J. Fish Biol. 15, 679-685.
8. Daley, M. A., Felix, G. and Biewener, A. A. (2007). Running stability is enhanced by a proximo-distal gradient in joint neuromechanical control. J. Exp. Biol. 210, 383-394.
9. Daniel, T. L. (1984). Unsteady aspects of aquatic locomotion. Am. Zool. 24, 121-134.
10. Dutto, D. J., Hoyt, D. F., Clayton, H. M., Cogger, E. A. and Wickler, S. J. (2006). Joint work and power for both the forelimb and hindlimb during trotting in the horse. J. Exp. Biol. 209, 3990-3999.
11. Fish, F. (1996). Transitions from drag-based to lift-based propulsion in mammalian swimming. Am. Zool. 36, 628-641.
12. Fish, F., Baudinette, R., Frappell, P. and Sarre, M. (1997). Energetics of swimming by the platypus Ornithorhynchus anatinus: metabolic effort associated with rowing. J. Exp. Biol. 200, 2647-2652.
13. Gal, J. M. and Blake, R. W. (1988a). Biomechanics of frog swimming: I. Estimation of the propulsive force generated by Hymenochirus Boettgeri. J. Exp. Biol. 138, 399-411.
14. Gal, J. M. and Blake, R. W. (1988b). Biomechanics of frog swimming: II. Mechanics of the limb-beat cycle in Hymenochirus Boettgeri. J. Exp. Biol. 138, 413-429.
15. Johansson, L. and Lindhe Norberg, U. M. (2001). Lift-based paddling in diving grebe. J. Exp. Biol. 204, 1687-1696.
16. Johansson, L. C. and Lauder, G. V. (2004). Hydrodynamics of surface swimming in leopard frogs (Rana pipiens). J. Exp. Biol. 207, 3945-3958.
17. Johansson, L. C. and Norberg, R. A. (2003). Delta-wing function of webbed feet gives hydrodynamic lift for swimming propulsion in birds. Nature 424, 65.
18. Kargo, W. K. and Rome, L. C. (2002). Functional morphology of proximal hindlimb muscles in the frog Rana pipiens. J. Exp. Biol. 205, 1987-2004.
19. Lauder, G. V., Madden, P. G., Mittal, R., Dong, H. and Bozkurttas, M. (2006). Locomotion with flexible propulsors: I. Experimental analysis of pectoral fin swimming in sunfish. Bioinspir. Biomim. 1, s25-s34.
20. McGowan, C. P., Baudinette, R. V. and Biewener, A. A. (2005). Joint work and power associated with acceleration and deceleration in tammar wallabies (Macropus eugenii). J. Exp. Biol. 208, 41-53.
21. Nauwelaerts, S. and Aerts, P. (2003). Propulsive impulse as a covarying performance measure in the comparison of the kinematics of swimming and jumping in frogs. J. Exp. Biol. 206, 4341-4351.
22. Nauwelaerts, S., Aerts, P. and D'Août, K. (2001). Speed modulation in swimming frogs. J. Mot. Behavior 33, 265-272.
23. Nauwelaerts, S., Stamhuis, E. J. and Aerts, P. (2005). Propulsive force calculations in swimming frogs I. A momentum-impulse approach. J. Exp. Biol. 208, 1435-1443.
24. Newman, J. N. (1977). Marine Hydrodynamics. Cambridge: The MIT Press.
25. Pace, C. M., Blob, R. W. and Westneat, M. W. (2001). Comparative kinematics of the forelimb during swimming in red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta) and spiny softshell (Apalone spinifera) turtles. J. Exp. Biol. 204, 3261-3271.
26. Peters, S. E., Kamel, L. T. and Bashor, D. P. (1996). Hopping and swimming in the Leopard Frog, Rana pipiens: I. Step Cycles and Kinematics. J. Morphol. 230, 1-16.
27. Richards, C. T. and Biewener, A. A. (2007). Modulation of in vivo muscle power output during swimming in the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis). J. Exp. Biol. 210, 3147-3159.
28. Roberts, T. J. and Belliveau, R. A. (2005). Sources of mechanical power for uphill running in humans. J. Exp. Biol. 208, 1963-1970.
29. Roberts, T. J. and Scales, J. A. (2004). Adjusting muscle function to demand: joint work during acceleration in wild turkeys. J. Exp. Biol. 207, 4165-4174.
30. Rome, L. C., Loughna, P. T. and Goldspink, G. (1984). Muscle fiber activity in carp as a function of swimming speed and muscle temperature. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 247, R272-R279.
31. Stamhuis, E. J. and Nauwelaerts, S. (2005). Propulsive force calculations in swimming frogs II. Application of a vortex ring model to DPIV data. J. Exp. Biol. 208, 1445-1451.
32. Swank, D. and Rome, L. (2000). The influence of temperature on power production during swimming. I. In vivo length change and stimulation pattern. J. Exp. Biol. 203, 321-331.
33. Van Wassenbergh, S., Strother, J. A., Flammang, B. E., Ferry-Graham, L. A. and Aerts, P. (2008). Extremely fast prey capture in pipefish is powered by elastic recoil. J. R. Soc. Interface 5, 285-296.
34. Vogel, S. (1994). Life in Moving Fluids. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
35. Walker, J. A., Westneat, M. W. (2000). Mechanical performance of aquatic rowing and flying. Proc. R. Soc. Lond., B, Biol. Sci. 267, 1875-1881.
36. Walker, J. A. and Westneat, M. W. (2002). Performance limits of labriform propulsion and correlates with fin shape and motion. J. Exp. Biol. 205, 177-187.
37. Walter, R. M. and Carrier, D. R. (2002). Scaling of rotational inertia in murine rodents and two species of lizard. J. Exp. Biol. 205, 2135-2141.