Gap disturbance regime in an old-growth Fagus-Abies forest in the Dinaric Mountains, Bosnia-Herzegovina

Canadian Journal of Forest Research

Volumn 38, Issue 11, 2008, Pages 2728-2737

  Nagel, Thomas A ^a   Svoboda, Miroslav ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LJUBLJANA   (Slovenia)

^b CZECH UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES PRAGUE   (Czech Republic)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GALLIUM ALLOYS; LANDFORMS; SILVER;

ABIES ALBAS; BEECH (FAGUS SYLVATICA L.); BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA; CANOPY GAPS; CANOPY OPENINGS; DISTURBANCE REGIMES; EUROPEANS; EXPANSION PROCESSES; FOREST AREAS; FOREST DYNAMICS; FOREST MANAGEMENTS; GAP FORMATIONS; GROWTH FORESTS; NATURAL FORESTS; QUANTITATIVE INFORMATIONS; WIND DISTURBANCES;

FORESTRY;

CONIFEROUS FOREST; DECIDUOUS FOREST; ENVIRONMENTAL DISTURBANCE; FOREST DYNAMICS; FOREST MANAGEMENT; GAP DYNAMICS; MONTANE FOREST; OLD-GROWTH FOREST;

FOREST CANOPY; FORESTRY; GALLIUM; LAND; SILVER; WIND;

ALPS; BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA; DINARIC ALPS; EASTERN ALPS; EURASIA; EUROPE; SOUTHERN EUROPE;

ABIES; ABIES ALBA; FAGUS; FAGUS SYLVATICA;

EID: 55549118249     PISSN: 00455067     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1139/X08-110     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Angelstam, P.K. 1998. Maintaining and restoring biodiversity in European boreal forests by developing natural disturbance regimes. J. Veg. Sci. 9: 593-602. doi:10.2307/3237275.
2. Battles, J.J., and Fahey, T.J. 1996. Spruce decline as a disturbance event in the subalpine forests of the northeastern United States. Can. J. For. Res. 26: 408-421. doi:10.1139/x26-046.
3. Battles, J.J., and Fahey, T.J. 2000. Gap dynamics following forest decline: a case study of red spruce forests. Ecol. Appl. 10: 760-774. doi:10.1890/1051-0761(2000)010[0760:GDFFDA]2.0.CO;2.
4. Battles, J.J., Fahey, T.J., and Harney, E.M.B. 1995. Spatial patterning in the canopy gap regime of a subalpine Abies-Picea forest in the northeastern United States. J. Veg. Sci. 6: 807-814. doi:10.2307/3236394.
5. Battles, J.J., Dushoff, J.G., and Fahey, T.J. 1996. Line intersect sampling of forest canopy gaps. For. Sci. 42: 131-138.
6. Brang, P. 2005. Virgin forests as a knowledge source for central European silviculture: reality or myth? For. Snow Landsc. Res. 79: 19-32.
7. Canham, C.D., Papaik, M.J., and Latty, E.F. 2001. Interspecific variation in susceptibility to windthrow as a function of tree size and storm severity for northern temperate tree species. Can. J. For. Res. 31: 1-10. doi:10.1139/cjfr-31-1-1.
8. De Vries, P.G. 1986. Sampling theory for forest inventory. Springer-Verlag, New York and Berlin.
9. Diaci, J. (Editor). 1999. Virgin forests and forest reserves in Central and East European countries. Biotechical Faculty, Department of Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
10. Diaci, J. 2002. Regeneration dynamics in a Norway spruce plantation on a silver fir-beech forest site in the Slovenian Alps. For. Ecol. Manage. 161: 27-38. doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00492-3.
11. Drösser, L., and von Lüpke, B. 2005. Canopy gaps in two virgin beech forest reserves in Slovakia. J. For. Sci. 51: 446-457.
12. Foster, J.R., and Reiners, W.A. 1986. Size distribution and expansion of canopy gaps in a Northern Appalachian spruce-fir forest. Vegetatio, 68: 109-114.
13. Franklin, J.F., Spies, T.A., Van Pelt, R., Carey, A.B., Thornburgh, D.A., Berg, D.R., Lindenmayer, D.B., Harmon, M.E., Keeton, W.S., Shaw, D.C., Bible, K., and Chen, J.Q. 2002. Disturbances and structural development of natural forest ecosystems with silvicultural implications, using Douglas-fir forests as an example. For. Ecol. Manage. 155: 399-423. doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(01) 00575-8.
14. Franklin, J.F., Mitchell, R.J., and Palik, B.J. 2007. Natural disturbance and stand development principles for ecological forestry. USDA For. Ser. Northern Research Station Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-19. p. 44.
15. Fukarek, P., and Stefanovic, V. 1958. Prasuma Perucica i njena vegetacija. Radova Poljoprivredno-sumarskog fakulteta, 3: 93-146.
16. Jaworski, A., Kolodziej, A., and Lapka, M. 2007. Mortality, recruitment, and increment of trees in the Fagus-Abies-Picea stands of a primeval character in the lower mountain zone. Dendrobiology, 57: 15-26.
17. Jenssen, M., and Hofmann, G. 1996. Der natürliche Entwicklungszyklus des baltischen Perlgras-Buchenwaldes (Melico-Fagetum). Beiträge für die Forstwirtschaft und Landschaftsökologie, 30: 114-124.
18. Korpel, S. 1995. Die Urwälder der Westkarpaten. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, Germany.
19. Kraigher, H., Jurc, D., Kalan, P., Kutnar, L., Levanic, T., Rupel, M., and Smolej, I. 2002. Beech coarse woody debris characteristics in two virgin forest reserves in southern Slovenia. Zbornik gozdarstva in Lesarstva, 69: 91-134.
20. Leibundgut, H. 1959. Über Zweck und Methodik der Struktur und Zuwachsanalyse von Urwäldern. Schweiz. Z. Forstwes. 110: 111-124.
21. Leibundgut, H. 1987. Europäische Urwälder der Bergstufe. Haupt, Bern, Switzerland.
22. Lertzman, K.P., and Krebs, C.J. 1991. Gap-phase structure of a sub-alpine old-growth forest. Can. J. For. Res. 21: 1730-1741. doi:10.1139/x91-239.
23. Meyer, P., Tabaku, V., and von Lüpke, B. 2003. Structural characteristics of Albanian beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) virgin forests - deductions for semi-natural forestry. Forstw. Cbl, 122: 47-58. doi:10.1046/j.1439-0337.2003.02041.x.
24. Mitchell, R.J., Huater, M.L., and Palik, B.J. 2002. Natural disturbance as a guide to silviculture - preface. For. Ecol. Manage. 155: 315-317. doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00568-0.
25. Mlinsek, D. 1968. Sproscena tehnika gojenja gozdov na osnovi nege. Poslovno zdruzenje gozdnogospodarskih organizacij v Ljubljani, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
26. Mlinsek, D. 1996. From clear-cutting to a close-to-nature silviculture system. IUFRO News, 25: 6-8.
27. Nagel, T.A., and Diaci, J. 2006. Intermediate wind disturbance in an old-growth beech-fir forest in southeastern Slovenia. Can. J. For. Res. 36: 629-638. doi:10.1139/x05-263.
28. Nagel, T.A., Svoboda, M., and Diaci, J. 2006. Regeneration patterns after intermediate wind disturbance in an oldgrowth Fagus-Abies forest in southeastern Slovenia. For. Ecol. Manage. 226: 268-278. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2006.01.039.
29. Nagel, T.A., Levanic, T., and Diaci, J. 2007. A dendroecological reconstruction of disturbance in an old- growth Fagus-Abies forest in Slovenia. Ann. For. Sci. 64: 891-897. doi:10.1051/forest:2007067.
30. Nakashizuka, T. 1984. Regeneration process of climax beech (Fagus crenata Blume) forests. IV. Gap formation. Jap. J. Ecol. 34: 75-85.
31. Ogden, J., Fordham, R.A., Pilkington, S., and Serra, R.G. 1991. Forest gap formation and closure along an altitudinal gradient in Tongariro National Park, New Zealand. J. Veg. Sci. 2: 165-172. doi:10.2307/3235948.
32. Palik, B.J., Mitchell, R.J., and Hiers, J.K. 2002. Modeling silviculture after natural disturbance to sustain biodiversity in the longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) ecosystem: balancing complexity and implementation. For. Ecol. Manage. 155: 347-356. doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00571-0.
33. Podlaski, R. 2004. A development cycle of the forest with fir (Abies alba Mill.) and beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in its species composition in the Swietokrzyski National Park. J. For. Sci. 50: 55-66.
34. Prusa, E. 1985. Die böhmischen und mährischen Urwälder - ihre Struktur und Ökologie. Verlag der Tschechoslowakischen Akademie der Wisenschaften, Prague, Czech Republic.
35. Rademacher, C., Neuert, C., Grundmann, V., Wissel, C., and Grimm, V. 2004. Reconstructing spatiotemporal dynamics of Central European natural beech forests: the rule-based forest model BEFORE. For. Ecol. Manage. 194: 349-368. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2004.02.022.
36. Rebertus, A.J., and Veblen, T.T. 1993. Structure and tree-fall gap dynamics of old-growth Nothofagus forests in Tierra Del Fuego, Argentina. J. Veg. Sci. 4: 641-654. doi:10.2307/3236129.
37. Rozenbergar, D., Mikac, S., Anic, I., and Diaci, J. 2007. Gap regeneration patterns in relationship to light heterogeneity in two old-growth beech-fir forest reserves in South East Europe. Forestry, 80: 431-443. doi:10.1093/forestry/cpm037.
38. Runkle, J.R. 1982. Patterns of disturbance in some old-growth mesic forests of eastern North America. Ecology, 63: 1533-1546. doi:10.2307/1938878.
39. Runkle, J.R. 1990. Gap dynamics in an Ohio Acer-Fagus forest and speculations on the geography of disturbance. Can. J. For. Res. 20: 632-641. doi:10.1139/x90-085.
40. Saniga, M., and Schutz, J.P. 2002. Relation of dead wood course within the development cycle of selected virgin forests in Slovakia. J. For. Sci. 48: 513-528.
41. Seymour, R.S., White, A.S., and deMaynadier, P.G. 2002. Natural disturbance regimes in northeastern North America - evaluating silvicultural systems using natural scales and frequencies. For. Ecol. Manage. 155: 357-367. doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00572-2.
42. Splechtna, B.E., and Gratzer, G. 2005. Natural disturbances in Central European forests: approaches and preliminary results from Rothwald, Austria. For. Snow Landsc. Res. 79: 57-67.
43. Splechtna, B.E., Gratzer, G., and Black, B.A. 2005. Disturbance history of a European old-growth mixed-species forest - a spatial dendro-ecological analysis. J. Veg. Sci. 16: 511-522. doi:10.1658/1100-9233(2005)16[511: DHOAEO]2.0.CO;2.
44. Stewart, G.H., Rose, A.B., and Veblen, T.T. 1991. Forest development in canopy gaps in old-growth beech (Nothofagus) forests, New Zealand. J. Veg. Sci. 2: 679-690. doi:10.2307/3236178.
45. Vrska, T., Hort, L., Odehnalova, P., Adam, D., and Horal, D. 2001. The Razula virgin forest after 23 years (1972-1995). J. For. Sci. 47: 15-37.
46. Webb, S.L. 1989. Contrasting windstorm consequences in two forests, Itasca State Park, Minnesota. Ecology, 70: 1167-1180. doi:10.2307/1941384.
47. Whitmore, T.C. 1989. Canopy gaps and the two major groups of forest trees. Ecology, 70: 536-538. doi:10.2307/1940195.
48. Woods, K.D. 2004. Intermediate disturbance in a late-successional hemlock-northern hardwood forest. J. Ecol. 92: 464-476. doi:10.1111/j.0022-0477.2004.00881.x.
49. Worrall, J.J., and Harrington, T.C. 1988. Etiology of canopy gaps in spruce-fir forests at Crawford Notch, New Hampshire. Can. J. For. Res. 18: 1463-1469. doi:10.1139/x88-225.
50. Worrall, J.J., Lee, T.D., and Harrington, T.C. 2005. Forest dynamics and agents that initiate and expand canopy gaps in Picea-Abies forests of Crawford Notch, New Hampshire, USA. J. Ecol. 93: 178-190. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2745.2004.00937.x.
51. Zeibig, A., Diaci, J., and Wagner, S. 2005. Gap disturbance patterns of a Fagus sylvatica virgin forest remnant in the mountain vegetation belt of Slovenia. For. Snow Landsc. Res. 79: 69-80.