Cadomian and Variscan metamorphic events in the Léon domain (Armorican Massif, France): P-T data and EMP monazite dating

Special Paper of the Geological Society of America

Volumn 423, Issue , 2007, Pages 267-285

  Schulz, Bernhard ^a   Krenn, Erwin ^b   Finger, Fritz ^b   Brätz, Helene ^c   Klemd, Reiner ^c  

^a Institut für Mineralogie   (Germany)

^b Univ S   (Austria)

^c Institut für Mineralogie und Kristallstrukturlehre   (Germany)

Author keywords

Aluminous paragneisses; Armorica; Armorican Massif; Cadomian; Garnet trace element zonation; Geothermobarometry; L on domain; Metabasites; Micaschists; Monazite Th U Pb dating; P T paths; Variscan

Indexed keywords

GEOCHRONOLOGY; LEAD ALLOYS; MONAZITE; PHOSPHATE MINERALS; RARE EARTHS; TERNARY ALLOYS; THORIUM ALLOYS; TRACE ELEMENTS;

ALUMINOUS PARAGNEISSES; ARMORICA; ARMORICAN MASSIF; CADOMIAN; GEOTHERMOBAROMETRY; METABASITES; MICASCHISTS; P-T PATH; U-PB DATING; VARISCAN;

GARNETS;

CRYSTALLIZATION; GARNET; GNEISS; HERCYNIAN OROGENY; METAMORPHISM; MICROPLATE; MONAZITE; P-T CONDITIONS; SHEAR; STAUROLITE; TRACE ELEMENT; UPLIFT;

ARMORICAN MASSIF; BRETAGNE; FRANCE;

EID: 55549100341     PISSN: 00721077     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1130/2007.2423(12)     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (114)

1. Ashworth, J.R., and Evirgen, M.M., 1985, Plagioclase relations in pelites, central Menderes Massif, Turkey. II. Perturbation of garnet-plagioclase geo-barometers: Journal of Metamorphic Geology, v. 3, p. 219-229.
2. Audren, C., and Triboulet, C., 1993, P-J-f-deformation paths recorded by kinzigites during diapirism in the western Variscan belt (Golfe du Morbihan, southern Brittany, France): Journal of Metamorphic Geology, v. 11, p. 337-356.
3. Balé, P., and Brun, J.-P., 1986, Les complexes métamorphiques du Léon (NW Bretagne): un segment du domaine éo-hercynien sud armoricain translaté au Dévonien: Bulletin Société Géologique de France, v. 1986, série 3, p. 471-477.
4. Ballèvre, M., Marchand, J., Godard, G., Goujou, J.C., and Wyns, R., 1994, Eo-Her-cynian events in the Armorican Massif, in Keppie, J.D., ed., Pre-Mesozoic geology in France and related areas: Berlin, Springer-Verlag, p. 183-194.
5. Ballèvre, M., Le Goff, E., and Hébert, R., 2001, The tectonothermal evolution of the Cadomian belt of northern Brittany, France: A Neoproterozoic volcanic arc: Tectonophysics, v. 331, p. 19-43, doi: 10.1016/S0040-1951(00)00234-1.
6. Bhatia, M.R., and Crook, K.A.W., 1986, Trace element characteristics of greywackes and tectonic setting discrimination of sedimentary basins: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 92, p. 181-193, doi: 10.1007/BF00375292.
7. Bhattacharya, A., Mohanty, L., Maji, A., Sen, S.K., and Raith, M., 1992, Nonideal mixing in the phlogopite-annite binary: Constraints from experimental data on Fe-Mg partitioning and a reformulation of the garnet-bio-tite geothermometer: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 111, p. 87-93, doi: 10.1007/BF00296580.
8. Brätz, H., and Klemd, R., 2002, Analysis of rare earth elements in geological samples by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS): Online publication 5988-6305EN, Agilent Technologies.
9. Brown, M., and Dallmeyer, R.D., 1996, Rapid Variscan exhumation and the role of magma in core complex formation: Southern Brittany metamor-phic belt, France: Journal of Metamorphic Geology, v. 14, p. 361-379, doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1314.1996.00361.x.
10. Brun, J.-P., and Balé, P., 1990, Cadomian tectonics in northern Brittany, in D'Lemos, R.S., Strachan, R.A., and Topley, C.G., eds., The Cadomian orogeny: London, Geological Society of London Special Publication 51, p. 95-114.
11. Brun, J.-P., Guennoc, P., Truffert, C., Vairon, J., and The ARMOR Working Group of the GeoFrance 3-D program, 2001, Cadomian tectonics in northern Brittany: A contribution of 3-D crustal-scale modelling: Tecto-nophysics, v. 331, p. 229-246.
12. Cabanis, B., and Godard, G., 1987, Les éclogites du pays de Léon (Nord-Ouest du Massif armoricain): étude pétrologique et géochimique; implications géodynamiques: Bulletin Société Géologique de France, v. 1987, série 8 III, no. 6, p. 1133-1142.
13. Cabanis, B., Michot, J., and Deutsch, S., 1977, Remise en question de la datation géochronologique des gneiss de Brest (Bretagne occidentale): Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences Paris, v. 284, série D, p. 883-886.
14. Cabanis, B., Chantraine, J., and Herrouin, Y., 1979a, Le Bassin de Morlaix, unité circonscrite et indépendante dans le contexte géologique régional: Bulletin du Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières, v. 4, p. 269-276.
15. Cabanis, B., Peucat, J.-J., Michot, J., and Deutsch, S., 1979b, Remise en cause de l'existence d'un socle orthogneissique antécambrien dans le pays de Léon
16. (domaine nord-armoricain); étude géochronologique par les méthodes Rb/ Sr et U/Pb des orthogneiss de Tréglonou et de Plounevez-Lochrist: Bulletin du Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières, v. 1/4, p. 357-364.
17. Cartier, C., and Faure, M., 2004, The Saint-Georges-sur Loire olisthostrome, a key zone to understand the Gondwana-Armorica boundary in the Variscan belt (Southern Brittany, France): International Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 93, p. 945-958, doi: 10.1007/s00531-004-0398-3.
18. Chantraine, J., Chauris, L., Cabanis, B., Chauris, M.-M., Larsonneur, C., Her-rouin, Y., Rabu, D., Lulzac, Y., and Bos, P., 1986, Notice explicative de la feuille Plestin-les-Grèves ... 1/50 000: Orléans, éditions du Bulletin du Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières, 64 p.
19. Chantraine, J., Egal, E., Thiéblemont, D., Le Goff, E., Guerrot, C., Ballèvre, M., and Guennoc, P., 2001, The Cadomian active margin (North Armori-can Massif, France): A segment of the North Atlantic Panafrican belt: Tec-tonophysics, v. 331, p. 1-18, doi: 10.1016/S0040-1951(00)00233-X.
20. Chauris, L., and Hallégout, B., 1989, Notice explicative Carte géologique de la France (1/50 000), feuille Plouarzel-Ile d'Ouessant (273): Orléans, éditions du Bulletin du Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières, 69 p.
21. Chauris, L., Marcoux, È., Le Goff, è., Thiéblemont, D., and Carn, A., 1998, Notice explicative Carte géologique de la France (1/50 000), feuille Saint-Pol-de-Léon (201): Orléans, éditions du Bulletin du Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières, 167 p.
22. Cocherie, A., and Albarede, F., 2001, An improved U-Th-Pb age calculation for electron microprobe dating of monazite: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 65, p. 4509-4522, doi: 10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00753-0.
23. Cocherie, A., Legendre, O., Peucat, J.J., and Koumelan, A.N., 1998, Geochro-nology of polygenetic monazites constrained by in-situ microprobe Th-U-total lead determination: Implications for lead behaviour in monazite: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 62, p. 2475-2497, doi: 10.1016/ S0016-7037(98)00171-9.
24. Cogné, J., 1988, Precambrian in the Variscides of western France: Armorican Massif and western parts of the Central Massif, in Zoubek, V., ed., Pre-cambrian in younger fold belts: European Variscides, the Carpathians and Balkans: Chichester, John Wiley, p. 409-552.
25. Cogné, J., 1990, The Cadomian orogeny and its influence on the Variscan evolution of western Europe, in D'Lemos, R.S., Strachan, R.A., and Topley, C.G., eds., The Cadomian orogeny: London, Geological Society of London Special Publication 51, p. 305-311.
26. Cogné, J., and Shelley, D., 1966, Structure géologique du secteur des Abers (Nord Finistère): Bulletin Service Carte Géologique Alsace Lorraine, v. 19, no. 1, p. 1-40.
27. Dahl, P.S., Terry, M.P., Jercinovic, M.J., Williams, M.L., Hamilton, M.A., Foland, K.A., Clement, S.M., and Friberg, L.M., 2005, Electron probe (Ultrachron) micronometry of metamorphic monazite: Unraveling the timing of polyphase thermotectonism in the easternmost Wyoming craton (Black Hills, South Dakota): American Mineralogist, v. 90, p. 1712-1728, doi: 10.2138/am.2005.2002.
28. Ar 39Ar mineral ages: Journal of Metamorphic Geology, v. 11, p. 137-154.
29. Dalziel, I.W.D., 1997, Neoproterozoic-Palaeozoic geography and tectonics: Review, hypothesis, environmental speculation: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 109, p. 16-42, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1997)109<0016: ONPGAT>2.3.CO;2.
30. Davy, P., and Gillet, P., 1986, The stacking of thrust slices in collision zones and its thermal consequences: Tectonics, v. 5, p. 913-929.
31. Deutsch, S., and Chauris, L., 1965, Âge des quelques formations cristallophyl-liennes et granitiques du pays de Léon, Finistère: Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences Paris, v. 260, p. 615-617.
32. Egal, E., Guerrot, C., Le Goff, E., Thiéblemont, D., and Chantraine, J., 1996, The Cadomian orogeny revisited in northern Brittany (France), in Nance, R.D., and Thompson, M.D., eds., Avalonian and related Peri-Gondwa-nan terranes in the circum-North Atlantic: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America Special Paper 304, p. 281-317.
33. Ellis, D.J., and Green, D.H., 1979, An experimental study of the effect of Ca upon garnet-clinopyroxene Fe-Mg exchange equilibria: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 71, p. 13-22, doi: 10.1007/BF00371878.
34. Finger, F., and Helmy, H.M., 1998, Composition and total-Pb model ages of monazite from high-grade paragneisses in the Abu Swayel area, southern Eastern Desert, Egypt: Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 62, p. 269-289, doi: 10.1007/BF01178032.
35. Finger, F., Broska, I., Roberts, M.P., and Schermaier, A., 1998, Replacement of primary monazite by apatite-allanite-eoidote coronas in an amphibolite-facies granite gneiss from the eastern Alps: American Mineralogist, v. 83, p. 248-258.
36. Finger, F., Krenn, E., Riegler, G., Romano, S., and Zulauf, G., 2002, Resolving Cambrian, Carboniferous, Permian and Alpine monazite generations in the polymetamorphic basement of eastern Crete (Greece) by means of the electron microprobe: Terra Nova, v. 14, p. 233-240, doi: 10.1046/J.1365-3121.2002.00415. x.
37. Floyd, P.A., Winchester, J.A., and Park, R.G., 1989, Geochemistry and tectonic setting of Lewisian clastic metasediments from the Early Proterozoic Loch Maree Group of Gairloch, NW Scotland: Precambrian Research, v. 45, p. 203-214, doi: 10.1016/0301-9268(89)90040-5.
38. Foster, G., Kinny, P., Vance, D., Prince, C., and Harris, N., 2000, The significance of monazite U-Th-Pb age data in metamorphic assemblages; A combined study of monazite and garnet chronometry: Earth and Planetetary Science Letters, v. 181, p. 327-340, doi: 10.1016/S0012-821X(00)00212-0.
39. Foster, G., Gibson, H.D., Parrish, R., Horstwood, M., Fraser, J., and Tindle, A., 2002, Textural, chemical and isotopic insights into the nature and behaviour of metamorphic monazite: Chemical Geology, v. 191, p. 183-207, doi: 10.1016/S0009-2541(02)00156-0.
40. Franke, W., 1989, Tectonostratigraphic units in the Variscan belt of central Europe, in Dallmeyer, R.D., ed., Terranes in the circum-Atlantic Paleozoic orogens: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America Special
41. Paper 230, p. 67-90.
42. Franz, G., Andrehs, G., and Rhede, D., 1996, Crystal chemistry of monazite and xenotime from Saxothuringian-Moldanubian metapelites, NE Bavaria, Germany: European Journal of Mineralogy, v. 8, p. 1097-1118.
43. Friedl, G., 1997, U/Pb-Datierungen an Zirkonen und Monaziten aus Gesteinen vom österreichischen Anteil der Böhmischen Masse [Ph.D. thesis]: Salzburg, Universität Salzburg, 242 p.
44. Ganguly, J., and Saxena, S.K., 1984, Mixing properties of aluminosilicate garnets: Constraints from natural and experimental data, and applications to geothermo-barometry: American Mineralogist, v. 69, p. 88-97.
45. Ganguly, J., Cheng, W., and Tirone, M., 1996, Thermodynamics of aluminosiliate garnet solid solution: New experimental data, an optimized model, and thermometric applications: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 126, p. 137-151, doi: 10.1007/s004100050240.
46. Gerya, T.V., Perchuk, L.L., Triboulet, C., Audren, C., and Sez'ko, A.I., 1997, Petrology of the Tumanshet zonal metamorphic complex, Eastern Sayan: Petrology (Moscow), v. 5, p. 503-533.
47. Godard, G., and Mabit, J.-L., 1998, Peraluminous sapphirine formed during retrogression of a kyanite-bearing eclogite from Pays de Léon, Armorican Massif, France: Lithos, v. 43, p. 15-29, doi: 10.1016/S0024-4937(98)00004-8.
48. Goré, B., and Le Corre, C., 1987, Cinématique hercynienne du cisaillement nord-armoricain à la bordure du granite syntectonique de Saint Renan-Kersaint (Finistère): Bulletin Société Géologique de la France, v. 1987, série 8, no. 5, p. 811-819.
49. Govindaraju, K., 1994, Compilation of working values and sample description for 383 geostandards: Geostandards Newsletters, v. 18, special issue, p. 1-158.
50. Hébert, R., 1995, Evidence for multiple high-T metamorphism and regional migmatization within the Cadomian belt of northern Brittany, France: Journal of the Geological Society of London, v. 152, p. 213-216.
51. Heinrich, W., Andrehs, G., and Franz, G., 1997, Monazite-xenotime miscibility gap thermometry. I. An empirical calibration: Journal of Metamorphic Geology, v. 15, p. 3-16, doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1314.1997.t01-1-00052.x.
52. Holland, T.J.B., 1983, The experimental determination of activities in disordered and short-range ordered jadeitic pyroxene: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 82, p. 214-220, doi: 10.1007/BF01166616.
53. 2 : Journal of Metamorphic Geology, v. 8, p. 89-124.
54. Hollister, L.S., 1966, Garnet zoning: An interpretation based on the Ray-leigh fractionation model: Science, v. 154, p. 1647-1651, doi: 10.1126/science.154.3757.1647.
55. Horn, I., Hinton, R.W., Jackson, S.E., and Longerich, H.P., 1997, Ultra-trace element analysis of NIST SRM 616 and 614 using laser ablation microprobe-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LAM-ICP-MS): A comparison with secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS): Geostandard Newsletters, v. 21, p. 191-203.
56. Jackson, S.E., Longerich, H.P., Dunning, G.R., and Fryer, B.J., 1992, The application of laser ablation microprobe-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LAM-ICP-MS) to in situ trace element determination in minerals: Canadian Mineralogist, v. 30, p. 1049-1064.
57. 5 polymorphs; Le Conquet region, north-western Brittany, France: Proceedings of the Ussher Society, v. 8, p. 138-144.
58. Jones, K.A., 1994, Progressive metamorphism in a crustal-scale shear zone: An example from the Léon region, north-west Brittany, France: Journal of Metamorphic Geology, v. 12, p. 69-88.
59. Jones, K.A., and Brown, M., 1990, High-temperature "clockwise" P-T paths and melting in the development of regional migmatites: An example from southern Brittany, France: Journal of Metamorphic Geology, v. 8, p. 551-578.
60. Kossmat, F., 1927, Die Gliederung des varistischen Gebirges: Abhandlungen Sächsisches Geologisches Landesamt, v. 1, p. 1-39.
61. Krogh, E.J., 1988, The garnet-clinopyroxene Fe-Mg geothermometer-A reinterpretation of existing experimental data: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 99, p. 44-48, doi: 10.1007/BF00399364.
62. Leake, B.E., Woolley, A.R., Arps, C.E.S., Birch, W.D., Gilbert, M.C., Grice, J.D., Hawthorne, F.C., Kato, A., Kisch, H.J., Krichovichev, V.G., Linthout, K., Laird, J., Mandarino, J.A., Maresch, W.V., Nickel, E.H., Rock, N.M.S., Schumacher, J.C., Smith, D.C., Stephenson, N.C.N., Ungaretti, L., Whit-taker, E.J.W., and Youzhi, G., 1997, Nomenclature of amphiboles: Report of the Subcommittee on Amphiboles of the International Mineralogical Association, Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names: American Mineralogist, v. 82, p. 1019-1037.
63. Le Corre, C., Bale, P., and Georget, Y., 1989, Le Léon: un domaine exotique au Nord-Ouest de la chaine varisque armoricaine (France): Geodinamica Acta, v. 3, no. 2, p. 57-71.
64. Le Corre, C., Auvray, B., Ballèvre, M., and Robardet, M., 1991, Le Massif Armoricain: Sciences Géologiques Bulletin Strasbourg, v. 44, no. 1-2, p. 31-103.
65. Leutwein, F., Chauris, L., Sonet, J., and Zimmermann, J.-L., 1969, Etudes géochroniques et géotectoniques dans le Nord-Finistère: Bulletin Sciences de la Terre, v. 14/44, p. 331-358.
66. Linnemann, U., and Romer, R.L., 2002, The Cadomian orogeny in Saxo-Thuringia, Germany: Geochemical and Nd-Sr-Pb isotopic characterization of marginal basins with constraints to geotectonic setting and provenance: Tectonophysics, v. 352, p. 33-64, doi: 10.1016/S0040-1951(02)00188-9.
67. Longerich, H.P., Jackson, S.E., Fryer, B.J., and Strong, D.F., 1993, The laser ablation microprobe-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (LAM-ICP-MS): Geoscience Canada, v. 20, p. 21-27.
68. Lucks, H., Schulz, B., Audren, C., and Triboulet, C., 2002, Variscan P-T evolution of garnet pyroxenites and amphibolites in the Baie d'Audierne metamorphic series, southern Brittany (France), in Martinez-Catalán, J.R., Hatcher, R.D., Arenas, R., and Diaz Garcia, F., eds., Variscan-Appalachian dynamics: The building of the Upper Palaeozoic basement: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America Special Paper 364, p. 89-103.
69. Ludwig, K.R., 2001, Users manual for Isoplot/Ex rev. 2.49. A geochronological toolkit for Microsoft Excel: Berkeley, California, Berkeley Geochronol-ogy Center Special Publication 1a, 55 p.
70. Martinez-Catalan, J.R., 1990, A non-cylindrical model for the north-west Iberian allochthonous terranes and their equivalents in the Hercynian belt of Western Europe: Tectonophysics, v. 179, p. 253-272, doi: 10.1016/0040-1951(90) 90293-H.
71. Matte, P., 1991, Accretionary history and crustal evolution of the Variscan belt in Western Europe: Tectonophysics, v. 196, p. 309-337, doi: 10.1016/0040-1951(91)90328-P.
72. Matte, P., 2002, Variscides between the Appalachian and the Urals: Similarities and differences between Paleozoic subduction and collision belts, in Martinez-Catalán, J.R., Hatcher, R.D., Arenas, R., and Diaz Garcia, F., eds., Variscan-Appalachian dynamics: The building of the Upper Palaeozoic basement: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America Special Paper 364, p. 239-251.
73. Michot, J., and Deutsch, S., 1970, U/Pb zircon ages and polycyclism of the Gneiss de Brest and the adjacent formations (Brittany): Eclogae geologi-cae Helveticae, v. 63/1, p. 215-227.
74. Montel, J.-M., Veschambre, M., and Nicollet, C., 1994, Datation de la monazite à la microsonde électronique: Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences Paris, série II, v. 318, p. 1489-1495.
75. Montel, J.-M., Foret, S., Veschambre, M., Nicollet, C., and Provost, A., 1996, A fast, reliable, inexpensive in-situ dating technique: Electron microprobe ages on monazite: Chemical Geology, v. 131, p. 37-53, doi: 10.1016/0009-2541(96)00024-1.
76. Outin, J.-M., Thomas, É., Hallégouët, B., Queté, Y., Le Goffic, M., Rivière, J.-M., and Ballèvre, M., 2000, Note explicative, Carte géologique de la France (1/50 000), feuille Plabennec (238): Orléans, éditions du Bulletin du Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières, 109 p.
77. Paquette, J.-L., Balé, P., Ballèvre, M., and Georget, Y., 1987, Géochronologie et géochimie des éclogites du Léon: nouvelles contraintes sur l'évolution géodynamique du Nord-Ouest du Massif Armoricain: Bulletin de Minéralogie, v. 110, p. 683-696.
78. Paris, F., and Robardet, M., 1994, Paleogeographic synthesis, in Keppie, J.D., ed., Pre-Mesozoic geology in France and related areas: Berlin, Heidelberg, Springer-Verlag, p. 172-176.
79. Passchier, C.W., and Trouw, R.A.J., 1996, Microtectonics: Berlin, Heidelberg, Springer-Verlag, 289 p.
80. Pearce, N.J.G., Perkins, W.T., Westgate, J.A., Gorton, M.P., Jackson, S.E., Neal, C.R., and Chenery, S.P., 1997, A compilation of new and published major and trace element data for NIST SRM 610 and NIST SRM 612 glass reference materials: Geostandards Newsletters, v. 21, p. 115-144.
81. Perchuk, L.L., 1991, Derivation of a thermodynamically consistent set of geo-thermometers and barometers for metamorphic and magmatic rocks, in Perchuk, L.L., ed., Progress in metamorphic and magmatic petrology: Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, p. 93-111.
82. Peucat, J.J., Auvray, B., Hirbec, Y., and Calvez, J.Y., 1984, Granites et cisaillements hercyniens dans le nord du Massif armoricain: géochronologie Rb-Sr: Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, v. 6, p. 1365-1373.
83. Plyusnina, L.P., 1982, Geothermometry and geobarometry of plagioclase-horn-blende bearing assemblages: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 80, p. 140-146, doi: 10.1007/BF00374891.
84. Powell, R., and Holland, T.J.B., 1993, On the formulation of simple mixing models for complex phases: American Mineralogist, v. 78, p. 1174-1180.
85. Pyle, J.M., and Spear, F.S., 1999, Yttrium zoning in garnet: Coupling of major and accessory phases during metamorphic reactions: Geological Materials Research, v. 1, no. 6, p. 1-49.
86. Pyle, J.M., and Spear, F.S., 2000, An empirical garnet (YAG)-xenotime thermometer: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 138, p. 51-58, doi: 10.1007/PL00007662.
87. Pyle, J.M., and Spear, F.S., 2003, Four generations of accessory-phase growth in low-pressure migmatites from SW New Hampshire: American Mineralogist, v. 88, p. 338-351.
88. Pyle, J.M., Spear, F.S., Rudnick, R.L., and McDonough, W.F., 2001, Monazite-xenotime-garnet equilibrium in metapelites and a new monazite-garnet thermometer: Journal of Petrology, v. 42, p. 2083-2107, doi: 10.1093/petrology/42.11.2083.
89. Robardet, M., 2002, Alternative approach to the Variscan belt in southwestern Europe: Preorogenic paleobiogeographical constraints, in Martinez-Catalan, J.R., Hatcher, R.D., Arenas, R., and Diaz Garcia, F., eds., Variscan-Appala-chian dynamics: The building of the Upper Palaeozoic basement: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America Special Paper 364, p. 1-16.
90. Rolet, J., 1994, Introduction to structure and metamorphism in the Armorican Massif, France, in Keppie, J.D., ed., Pre-Mesozoic geology in France and related areas: Berlin, Heidelberg, Springer-Verlag, p. 177-178.
91. Rolet, J., Le Gall, B., Darboux, J.-R., Thonon, P., and Gravelle, M., 1986, L'évolution géodynamique dévono-carbonifère de l'extrémité occidentale de la chaœne hercynienne d'Europe sur le transect Armorique-Cornwall: Bulletin Société Géologique de France, v. 1986, série 8/1, p. 43-54.
92. Rolet, J., Gresselin, F., Jegouzo, P., Ledru, P., and Wyns, R., 1994, Intracon-tinental Hercynian events in the Armorican Massif, in Keppie, J.D., ed., Pre-Mesozoic geology in France and related areas: Berlin, Heidelberg, Springer-Verlag, p. 195-219.
93. Rollinson, H.R., 1993, Using geochemical data: Evaluation, presentation, interpretation: London, Longman Group, 352 p.
94. 2 O-ratio: Journal of Geology, v. 94, p. 635-651.
95. Schulz, B., 1993, P-J-deformation paths of Variscan metamorphism in the Austroalpine basement: Controls on geothermobarometry from microstructures in progressively deformed metapelites: Swiss Bulletin of Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 73, p. 257-274.
96. Schulz, B., Audren, C., and Triboulet, C., 1998, Regional vs contact metamor-phism in the vicinity of late-Variscan granites (Central Armorican Domain, Brittany, France): International Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 87, p. 78-93.
97. Schulz, B., Triboulet, C., Audren, C., Gilg, A., and Pfeifer, H.-R., 2001, Two-stage prograde and retrograde Variscan metamorphism of glaucophane-eclogites, blueschists and greenschists from Ile de Groix, Brittany: International Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 90, p. 871-889, doi: 10.1007/s005310000156.
98. Shelley, D., and Bossière, G., 2000, A new model for the Hercynian orogen of Gondwanan France and Iberia: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 22, p. 757-776, doi: 10.1016/S0191-8141(00)00007-9.
99. Shelley, D., and Bossiere, G., 2002, Megadisplacements and the Hercynian orogen of Gondwanan France and Iberia, in Martinez-Catalán, J.R., Hatcher, R.D., Arenas, R., and Diaz Garcia, F., eds., Variscan-Appalachian dynamics: The building of the Upper Palaeozoic basement: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America Special Paper 364, p. 209-222.
100. Spear, F.S., 1993, Metamorphic phase equilibria and pressure-temperature- time paths: Washington, D.C., Mineralogical Society of America Monograph Series 1, 799 p.
101. Spear, F.S., and Pyle, J.M., 2002, Apatite, monazite and xenotime in meta-morphic ocks, in Kohn, M., Rakovan, J., and Hughes, J.M., eds., Phosphates-Geochemical, geobiological and materials importance: Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, v. 48, p. 293-335.
102. Spear, F.S., Kohn, M.J., Florence, F.P., and Menard, T., 1990, A model for garnet and lagioclase growth in pelitic schists: Implications for thermo-barometry and P-T path determinations: Journal of Metamorphic Geology, v. 8, p. 683-696.
103. Stampfli, G.M., von Raumer, J.F., and Borel, G.D., 2002, Paleozoic evolution of pre-Variscan terranes: From Gondwana to the Variscan collision, in Mar-tinez-Catalá;n, J.R., Hatcher, R.D., Arenas, R., and Diaz Garcia, F., eds., Variscan-Appalachian dynamics: The building of the Upper Palaeozoic basement: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America Special Paper 364, p. 263-280.
104. St-Onge, M.R., 1987, Zoned poikiloblastic garnets: P-T paths and synmetamor-phic uplift through 30 km of structural depth, Wopmay orogen, Canada: Journal of Petrology, v. 28, p. 1-21.
105. Strachan, R.A., Treloar, P.J., Brown, M., and D'Lemos, R.S., 1989, Cadomian terrane tectonics and magmatism in the Armorican Massif: Journal of the Geological Society of London, v. 146, p. 423-426.
106. Suzuki, K., Adachi, M., and Kajizuka, I., 1994, Electron microprobe observations of Pb diffusion in metamorphosed detrital monazites: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 128, p. 391-405, doi: 10.1016/0012-821X(94)90158- 9.
107. Sylvester, P.J., 2003, Trace element analysis of fused whole rock glasses by laser ablation ICPMS, in Sylvester, P.J., ed., Laser-ablation ICPMS in the earth sciences. Principles and applications: Mineralogical Association of Canada Short Course Series 29, p. 147-162.
108. Tracy, R.J., 1982, Compositional zoning and inclusions in metamorphic minrals, in Ferry, J.M., ed., Characterization of metamorphism through mineral equilibria: Washington, D.C., Mineralogical Society of America Reviews in Mineralogy 10, p. 355-397.
109. 2 O. 1. An empirical calibration: Journal of Metamorphic Geology, v. 10, p. 545-556.
110. Triboulet, C., and Audren, C., 1985, Continuous reactions between biotite, garnet, staurolite, kyanite-sillimanite-andalusite and P-T-time-deformation path in micaschists from the estuary of the River Vilaine, south Brittany, France: Journal of Metamorphic Geology, v. 3, p. 91-105.
111. Triboulet, C., and Audren, C., 1988, Controls on P-T-t deformation path from amphibole zonation during progressive metamorphism of basic rocks (estuary of the River Vilaine, south Brittany, France): Journal of Meta-morphic Geology, v. 6, p. 117-133.
112. Weber, C., Barbey, P., Cuney, M., and Mertin, H., 1985, Trace element behaviour during migmatization. Evidence for a complex melt-residuum-fluid interaction in the St. Malo migmatic dome (France): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 90, p. 52-62, doi: 10.1007/BF00373041.
113. Williams, M.L., Jercinovic, M.J., and Terry, M.P., 1999, Age mapping and dating of monazite on the electron microprobe; deconvoluting multistage tectonic histories: Geology, v. 27, p. 1023-1026, doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1999) 027<1023:AMADOM>2.3.CO;2.
114. Zenk, M., and Schulz, B., 2004, Zoned Ca-amphiboles and related P-T evolution in metabasites from the classical Barrovian metamorphic zones in Scotland: Mineralogical Magazine, v. 68, p. 769-786, doi: 10.1180/002 6461046850218.