Acoustic fiber sensor arrays

Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering

Volumn 5502, Issue , 2004, Pages 39-50

  Digonnet, M J F ^a   Vakoc, B J ^a,b   Hodgson, C W ^a,c   Kino, G S ^a  

^a STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b Novera Optics   (United States)

^c INTEL CORPORATION   (United States)

Author keywords

Acoustic fiber sensors; Fiber hydrophones; Mach Zehnder interferometers; Sagnac interferometers; Sensor arrays; Time domain multiplexing

Indexed keywords

ACOUSTIC FIBER SENSORS; FIBER HYDROPHONES; MACH-ZEHNDER INTERFEROMETERS; SAGNAC INTERFEROMETERS; SENSOR ARRAYS; TIME DOMAIN MULTIPLEXING;

ACOUSTIC ARRAYS; HYDROPHONES; INTERFEROMETRY; MULTIPLEXING; NOISE ABATEMENT; PETROLEUM PROSPECTING; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; SHOT NOISE; TIME DOMAIN ANALYSIS;

FIBER OPTIC SENSORS;

EID: 5544231392     PISSN: 0277786X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Conference Proceeding    
DOI: 10.1117/12.566514     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (31)

1. A. D. Kersey, "A review of recent developments in fiber optic sensor technology," Opt. Fiber Technol., Vol. 2, No. 3, 291-317, 1996.
2. C. Hodgson, Large-scale interferometric fiber sensor arrays with erbium-doped fiber amplifier telemetry, Doctorate dissertation, Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, June 1997.
3. B. J. Vakoc, Development of a novel Sagnac interferometer-based fiber optic acoustic sensor array, Doctorate dissertation, Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Aug. 2001.
4. P. Nash, "Review of interferometric optical fibre hydrophone technology," IEE Proceedings-Radar, Sonar and Navigation, Vol. 143, 204-209, 1996.
5. A. Dandridge, A. B. Tveten, and T. G. Giallorenzi, "Homodyne demodulation scheme for fiber optic sensors using phase generated carrier," IEEE Trans. on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. MTT-30, No. 10, 1635-1641, 1982.
6. J. L. Brooks, B. Moslehi, B. Y. Kim, and H. J. Shaw, "Time domain addressing of remote fiber optic interferometric sensor arrays," J. Lightwave Technol. Vol. 5, No. 7, 1014-1023, 1987.
7. A. Dandridge, A. B. Tveten, A. D. Kersey, and A. M. Yurek, "Multiplexing of interferometric sensors using phase carrier techniques," J. Lightwave Technol., Vol. 5, No. 7, 947-952, 1987.
8. A. D. Kersey, and A. Dandridge, "Multiplexed Mach-Zehnder ladder array with ten sensor elements," Electron. Lett., Vol. 25, No. 19, 1298-1299, 1989.
9. C. W. Hodgson, J. L. Wagener, M. J. F. Digonnet, and H. J. Shaw, "Optimization of large-scale fiber sensor arrays incorporating multiple optical amplifiers - Part I: Signal-to-noise ratio," J. Lightwave Technol., Vol. 16, No. 2, 218-223, 1998.
10. J. L. Wagener, C. W. Hodgson, M. J. F. Digonnet, and H. J. Shaw, "Novel fiber sensor arrays using erbium-doped fiber amplifiers," J. Lightwave Technol., Vol. 15, No. 9, 1681-1688, 1997.
11. A. D. Kersey, A. Dandridge, A. R. Davis, C. K. Kirdendall, M. J. Marrone, and D. G. Gross, "64-element time-division multipled interferometric sensor array with EDFA telemetry", Conf. on Opt. Fib. Commun., OFC'96, Technical Digest Series, Vol. 2, Paper ThP5, 270-271, 1996.
12. J. Sæther, and K. Bloøtekjær, "Noise performance of multiplexed fiber-optic sensor systems with optical amplifiers," Optics Review, Vol. 4, No. 1A, 138-144, 1997.
13. C. W. Hodgson, M. J. F. Digonnet, and H. J. Shaw, "Large-scale interferometric fiber sensor arrays with multiple optical amplifiers," Opt. Lett., Vol. 22, No. 21, 1651-1653, 1997.
14. C. W. Hodgson, J. L. Wagener, M. J. F. Digonnet, and H. J. Shaw, "Optimization of large-scale fiber sensor arrays incorporating multiple optical amplifiers - Part II: Pump power," J. Lightwave Technol., Vol. 16, No. 2, 224-231, 1998.
15. A. G. Cranch, P. J. Nash, and C. K. Kirkendall, "Large-scale remotely interrogated arrays of fiber-optic interferomtric sensors for underwater acoustic applications," IEEE Sensors Journal, Vol. 3, No. 1, 19-30, 2003.
16. B. J. Vakoc, C. W. Hodgson, M. J. F. Digonnet, G. S. Kino, and H. J. Shaw, "Phase-sensitivity measurement of a 10-sensor array with erbium-doped fiber amplifier telemetry," Opt. Lett., Vol. 23, no. 16, 1313-1315, 1998.
17. M. H. Houston, "Seismic fiber optic multiplexed sensors for exploration and reservoir management," Proc. of SPIE Vol. 4202, 31-38, 2000.
18. M. H. Houston, B. N. P. Paulsson, and L. C. Knauer, "Fiber optic sensor systems for reservoir fluids management," OTC11931, Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, TX., 2000.
19. E. Udd, "Fiber-optic acoustic sensor based on the Sagnac interferometer," Proc. of the SPIE, Vol. 425, 90-100, 1983.
20. H. Lefèvre, The Fiber-Optic Gyroscope, Artech House, Inc., Boston, 101-106, 1993.
21. K. Krakenes, and K. Blotekjaer, "Sagnac interferometer for underwater sound detection: noise properties," Opt. Lett. Vol. 14, No. 20, 1152-1154, 1989.
22. S. Knudsen, and K. Blotekjaer, "An ultrasonic fiber-optic hydrophone incorporating a push-pull transducer in a Sagnac interferometer," J. of Lightwave Technol., Vol. 12, No. 9, 1696-1700, 1994.
23. R. J. Urick, Principles of Underwater Sound, McGraw-Hill, New York, 3rd Ed., Fig. 7.5, 1983.
24. S. K. Sheem, "Fiber-optic gyroscope with (3*3) directional coupler," Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 37, No. 10, 869-871, 1980.
25. M. J. F. Digonnet, "Broadband fiber sources," in Rare-Earth-Doped Fiber Lasers and Amplifiers, M. J. F. Digonnet, Ed., Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 2nd Ed., Ch. 6, 2001.
26. B. J. Vakoc, M. J. F. Digonnet, and G. S. Kino, "A novel fiber-optic sensor array based on the Sagnac interferometer," J. Lightwave Technol., Vol. 17, No. 11, 2316-2326, 1999.
27. B. J. Vakoc, M. J. F. Digonnet, and G. S. Kino, "A folded configuration of a fiber Sagnac-based sensor array," Opt. Fiber Technol. Vol. 6, No. 4, 388-399, 2000.
28. B. J. Vakoc, M. J. F. Digonnet, and G. S. Kino, "Demonstration of a folded Sagnac sensor array immune to polarization induced signal fading," Appl. Opt. Vol. 42, No. 36, 7132-7136, Dec. 2003.
29. D. A. Jackson, A. D. Kersey, and A. C. Lewin, "Fibre gyroscope with passive quadrature detection," Electron. Lett. Vol. 20, 399-401, 1984.
30. G. S. Kino, B. Vakoc, and M. J. F. Digonnet, "A Polarization-based Folded Sagnac Fiber-optic Array for Acoustic Waves," in SPIE Proc. on Fiber Optic Sensor Technol. and Appl., Vol. 4578, 336-345, 2001.
31. B. Vakoc, M. J. F. Digonnet, and G. S. Kino, "Demonstration of a 16-sensor time-division-multiplexed Sagnac-interferometer-based acoustic sensor array with an amplified telemetry and a polarization-based biasing scheme," Intern. Conf. on Optical Fiber Sensors, OFS'02, Portland, Oregon, 2002.