메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 14, Issue 5, 2008, Pages 600-604

Is Candida really a threat in the ICU?

Author keywords

Antifungals; Candida; Diagnosis; Intensive care; Mortality; Outcome

Indexed keywords

ANIDULAFUNGIN; ANTIFUNGAL AGENT; ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; CASPOFUNGIN; FLUCONAZOLE; MICAFUNGIN; POSACONAZOLE; VORICONAZOLE;

EID: 55349131727     PISSN: 10705295     EISSN: 15317072     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/MCC.0b013e32830f1dff     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (34)

References (66)
  • 1
    • 6044247215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of invasive candidiasis in critically ill patients
    • Blot S, Vandewoude K. Management of invasive candidiasis in critically ill patients. Drugs 2004; 64:2159-2175.
    • (2004) Drugs , vol.64 , pp. 2159-2175
    • Blot, S.1    Vandewoude, K.2
  • 2
    • 0027511893 scopus 로고
    • Secular trends in the epidemiology of nosocomial fungal infections in the United States, 1980-1990. National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System
    • Beck-Sague C, Jarvis WR. Secular trends in the epidemiology of nosocomial fungal infections in the United States, 1980-1990. National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System. J Infect Dis 1993; 167:1247-1251.
    • (1993) J Infect Dis , vol.167 , pp. 1247-1251
    • Beck-Sague, C.1    Jarvis, W.R.2
  • 3
    • 0036720774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secular trend of hospital-acquired candidemia among intensive care unit patients in the United States during 1989-1999
    • Trick WE, Fridkin SK, Edwards JR, et al. Secular trend of hospital-acquired candidemia among intensive care unit patients in the United States during 1989-1999. Clin Infect Dis 2002; 35:627-630.
    • (2002) Clin Infect Dis , vol.35 , pp. 627-630
    • Trick, W.E.1    Fridkin, S.K.2    Edwards, J.R.3
  • 4
    • 1842556591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bloodstream infection-associated sepsis and septic shock in critically ill adults: A population-based study
    • Laupland KB, Davies HD, Church DL, et al. Bloodstream infection-associated sepsis and septic shock in critically ill adults: a population-based study. Infection 2004; 32:59-64.
    • (2004) Infection , vol.32 , pp. 59-64
    • Laupland, K.B.1    Davies, H.D.2    Church, D.L.3
  • 5
    • 0942298014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of nosocomial bloodstream infection on the outcome of critically ill patients with acute renal failure treated with renal replacement therapy
    • Hoste EA, Blot SI, Lameire NH, et al. Effect of nosocomial bloodstream infection on the outcome of critically ill patients with acute renal failure treated with renal replacement therapy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2004; 15:454-462.
    • (2004) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.15 , pp. 454-462
    • Hoste, E.A.1    Blot, S.I.2    Lameire, N.H.3
  • 6
    • 0036467057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postoperative bacteremia secondary to surgical site infection
    • Petti CA, Sanders LL, Trivette SL, et al. Postoperative bacteremia secondary to surgical site infection. Clin Infect Dis 2002; 34:305-308.
    • (2002) Clin Infect Dis , vol.34 , pp. 305-308
    • Petti, C.A.1    Sanders, L.L.2    Trivette, S.L.3
  • 7
    • 0036851104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population-based assessment of intensive care unit-acquired bloodstream infections in adults: Incidence, risk factors, and associated mortality rate
    • Laupland KB, Zygun DA, Davies HD, et al. Population-based assessment of intensive care unit-acquired bloodstream infections in adults: incidence, risk factors, and associated mortality rate. Crit Care Med 2002; 30:2462-2467.
    • (2002) Crit Care Med , vol.30 , pp. 2462-2467
    • Laupland, K.B.1    Zygun, D.A.2    Davies, H.D.3
  • 8
    • 28144463585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical and economic outcomes in critically ill patients with nosocomial catheter-related bloodstream infections
    • Blot SI, Depuydt P, Annemans L, et al. Clinical and economic outcomes in critically ill patients with nosocomial catheter-related bloodstream infections. Clin Infect Dis 2005; 41:1591-1598.
    • (2005) Clin Infect Dis , vol.41 , pp. 1591-1598
    • Blot, S.I.1    Depuydt, P.2    Annemans, L.3
  • 9
    • 34249285829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective observational study of candidemia in Sao Paulo, Brazil: Incidence rate, epidemiology, and predictors of mortality
    • Colombo AL, Guimaraes T, Silva LR, et al. Prospective observational study of candidemia in Sao Paulo, Brazil: incidence rate, epidemiology, and predictors of mortality. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2007; 28:570-576.
    • (2007) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.28 , pp. 570-576
    • Colombo, A.L.1    Guimaraes, T.2    Silva, L.R.3
  • 10
    • 3943093972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial bloodstream infections in US hospitals: Analysis of 24,179 cases from a prospective nationwide surveillance study
    • Wisplinghoff H, Bischoff T, Tallent SM, et al. Nosocomial bloodstream infections in US hospitals: analysis of 24,179 cases from a prospective nationwide surveillance study. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 39:309-317.
    • (2004) Clin Infect Dis , vol.39 , pp. 309-317
    • Wisplinghoff, H.1    Bischoff, T.2    Tallent, S.M.3
  • 11
    • 45549103579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood stream infections of abdominal origin in the intensive care unit: Characteristics and determinants of death
    • De Waele JJ, Hoste EA, Blot SI. Blood stream infections of abdominal origin in the intensive care unit: characteristics and determinants of death. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2008; 9:171-177.
    • (2008) Surg Infect (Larchmt) , vol.9 , pp. 171-177
    • De Waele, J.J.1    Hoste, E.A.2    Blot, S.I.3
  • 12
    • 34250314539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for candidaemia in critically ill patients: A prospective surveillance study
    • Jorda-Marcos R, Alvarez-Lerma F, Jurado M, et al. Risk factors for candidaemia in critically ill patients: a prospective surveillance study. Mycoses 2007; 50:302-310.
    • (2007) Mycoses , vol.50 , pp. 302-310
    • Jorda-Marcos, R.1    Alvarez-Lerma, F.2    Jurado, M.3
  • 13
    • 33144457515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Candida colonization of the respiratory tract and subsequent pseudomonas ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Azoulay E, Timsit JF, Tafflet M, et al. Candida colonization of the respiratory tract and subsequent pseudomonas ventilator-associated pneumonia. Chest 2006; 129:110-117.
    • (2006) Chest , vol.129 , pp. 110-117
    • Azoulay, E.1    Timsit, J.F.2    Tafflet, M.3
  • 14
    • 0030843611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Significance of the isolation of Candida species from respiratory samples in critically ill, nonneutropenic patients. An immediate postmortem histologic study
    • el-Ebiary M, Torres A, Fabregas N, et al. Significance of the isolation of Candida species from respiratory samples in critically ill, nonneutropenic patients. An immediate postmortem histologic study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997; 156:583-590.
    • (1997) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.156 , pp. 583-590
    • el-Ebiary, M.1    Torres, A.2    Fabregas, N.3
  • 15
    • 0031846141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of Candida sp isolated from bronchoscopic samples in nonneutropenic patients
    • Rello J, Esandi ME, Diaz E, et al. The role of Candida sp isolated from bronchoscopic samples in nonneutropenic patients. Chest 1998; 114:146-149.
    • (1998) Chest , vol.114 , pp. 146-149
    • Rello, J.1    Esandi, M.E.2    Diaz, E.3
  • 16
    • 3242697652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Practices in nonneutropenic ICU patients with Candida-positive airway specimens
    • Azoulay E, Cohen Y, Zahar JR, et al. Practices in nonneutropenic ICU patients with Candida-positive airway specimens. Intensive Care Med 2004; 30:1384-1389.
    • (2004) Intensive Care Med , vol.30 , pp. 1384-1389
    • Azoulay, E.1    Cohen, Y.2    Zahar, J.R.3
  • 17
    • 38849192321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of invasive fungal infection on outcomes of severe sepsis: A multicenter matched cohort study in critically ill surgical patients
    • Xie GH, Fang XM, Fang Q, et al. Impact of invasive fungal infection on outcomes of severe sepsis: a multicenter matched cohort study in critically ill surgical patients. Crit Care 2008; 12:R5.
    • (2008) Crit Care , vol.12
    • Xie, G.H.1    Fang, X.M.2    Fang, Q.3
  • 18
    • 42549105582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discriminating invasive fungal infection from colonization
    • Blot S, Vandewoude K, Vogelaers D. Discriminating invasive fungal infection from colonization. Crit Care 2008; 12:412.
    • (2008) Crit Care , vol.12 , pp. 412
    • Blot, S.1    Vandewoude, K.2    Vogelaers, D.3
  • 19
    • 33747433016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical relevance of Aspergillus isolation from respiratory tract samples in critically ill patients
    • Vandewoude KH, Blot SI, Depuydt P, et al. Clinical relevance of Aspergillus isolation from respiratory tract samples in critically ill patients. Crit Care 2006; 10:R31.
    • (2006) Crit Care , vol.10
    • Vandewoude, K.H.1    Blot, S.I.2    Depuydt, P.3
  • 20
    • 11144271457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Post mortem examination in the intensive care unit: Still useful?
    • Dimopoulos G, Piagnerelli M, Berre J, et al. Post mortem examination in the intensive care unit: still useful? Intensive Care Med 2004; 30:2080-2085.
    • (2004) Intensive Care Med , vol.30 , pp. 2080-2085
    • Dimopoulos, G.1    Piagnerelli, M.2    Berre, J.3
  • 21
    • 0026573140 scopus 로고
    • Peritonitis into the 1990s: Changing pathogens and changing strategies in the critically ill
    • Sawyer RG, Rosenlof LK, Adams RB, et al. Peritonitis into the 1990s: changing pathogens and changing strategies in the critically ill. Am Surg 1992; 58:82-87.
    • (1992) Am Surg , vol.58 , pp. 82-87
    • Sawyer, R.G.1    Rosenlof, L.K.2    Adams, R.B.3
  • 22
    • 0031885699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tertiary peritonitis: Clinical features of a complex nosocomial infection
    • Nathens AB, Rotstein OD, Marshall JC. Tertiary peritonitis: clinical features of a complex nosocomial infection. World J Surg 1998; 22:158-163.
    • (1998) World J Surg , vol.22 , pp. 158-163
    • Nathens, A.B.1    Rotstein, O.D.2    Marshall, J.C.3
  • 23
    • 0022745423 scopus 로고
    • Microbiologic features and treatment of persistent peritonitis in patients in the intensive care unit
    • Rotstein OD, Pruett TL, Simmons RL Microbiologic features and treatment of persistent peritonitis in patients in the intensive care unit. Can J Surg 1986; 29:247-250.
    • (1986) Can J Surg , vol.29 , pp. 247-250
    • Rotstein, O.D.1    Pruett, T.L.2    Simmons, R.L.3
  • 24
    • 0036797245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of antimicrobial therapy management of 120 consecutive patients with secondary peritonitis
    • Sotto A, Lefrant JY, Fabbro-Peray P, et al. Evaluation of antimicrobial therapy management of 120 consecutive patients with secondary peritonitis. J Antimicrob Chemother 2002; 50:569-576.
    • (2002) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.50 , pp. 569-576
    • Sotto, A.1    Lefrant, J.Y.2    Fabbro-Peray, P.3
  • 25
    • 33644582754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rex JH. Candida in the peritoneum: passenger or pathogen? Crit Care Med 2006; 34:902-903.
    • Rex JH. Candida in the peritoneum: passenger or pathogen? Crit Care Med 2006; 34:902-903.
  • 26
    • 0035723382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Yeast colonization in surgical patients with intraabdominal perforations
    • Sandven P, Giercksky KE. Yeast colonization in surgical patients with intraabdominal perforations. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2001; 20:475-481.
    • (2001) Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis , vol.20 , pp. 475-481
    • Sandven, P.1    Giercksky, K.E.2
  • 27
    • 23744455495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical issues in the clinical management of complicated intra-abdominal infections
    • Blot S, De Waele JJ. Critical issues in the clinical management of complicated intra-abdominal infections. Drugs 2005; 65:1611-1620.
    • (2005) Drugs , vol.65 , pp. 1611-1620
    • Blot, S.1    De Waele, J.J.2
  • 28
    • 33847285405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Candida peritonitis
    • This review article outlines the pathogenic significance of intra-abdominal cultures growing Candida spp. and proposes an algorithm to initiate antifungal therapy
    • Blot S, Vandewoude K, De Waele J. Candida peritonitis. Curr Opin Crit Care 2007; 13:195-199. This review article outlines the pathogenic significance of intra-abdominal cultures growing Candida spp. and proposes an algorithm to initiate antifungal therapy.
    • (2007) Curr Opin Crit Care , vol.13 , pp. 195-199
    • Blot, S.1    Vandewoude, K.2    De Waele, J.3
  • 29
    • 0042167225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Candiduria in critically ill patients admitted to intensive care medical units
    • Alvarez-Lerma F, Nolla-Salas J, Leon C, et al. Candiduria in critically ill patients admitted to intensive care medical units. Intensive Care Med 2003; 29:1069-1076.
    • (2003) Intensive Care Med , vol.29 , pp. 1069-1076
    • Alvarez-Lerma, F.1    Nolla-Salas, J.2    Leon, C.3
  • 30
    • 0141611043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Candiduria: A randomized, double-blind study of treatment with fluconazole and placebo. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Mycoses Study Group
    • Sobel JD, Kauffman CA, McKinsey D, et al. Candiduria: a randomized, double-blind study of treatment with fluconazole and placebo. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Mycoses Study Group. Clin Infect Dis 2000; 30:19-24.
    • (2000) Clin Infect Dis , vol.30 , pp. 19-24
    • Sobel, J.D.1    Kauffman, C.A.2    McKinsey, D.3
  • 32
    • 34248202490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dimopoulos G, Velegraki A, Pefanis A, Karabinis A. Candiduria in critically ill patients: an early candidemia marker when coupled with multiple blood specimens PCR assays? Hepatogastroenterology 2007; 54:354-358. This prospective study evaluates the value of PCR assays in candiduric patients to predict candidemia. This approach was demonstrated to have an absolute negative predictive value, but a rather low positive predictive value.
    • Dimopoulos G, Velegraki A, Pefanis A, Karabinis A. Candiduria in critically ill patients: an early candidemia marker when coupled with multiple blood specimens PCR assays? Hepatogastroenterology 2007; 54:354-358. This prospective study evaluates the value of PCR assays in candiduric patients to predict candidemia. This approach was demonstrated to have an absolute negative predictive value, but a rather low positive predictive value.
  • 33
    • 34250876271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toya SP, Schraufnagel DE, Tzelepis GE. Candiduria in intensive care units: association with heavy colonization and candidaemia. J Hosp Infect 2007; 66:201-206.
    • Toya SP, Schraufnagel DE, Tzelepis GE. Candiduria in intensive care units: association with heavy colonization and candidaemia. J Hosp Infect 2007; 66:201-206.
  • 34
    • 38049048193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positive fungal cultures in burn patients: A multicenter review
    • This large multicenter study points out the incidence and clinical relevance of fungal colonization and infection in a burn population. The low mortality in untreated patients indicates that fungal cultures do not necessarily request for antifungal therapy
    • Ballard J, Edelman L, Saffle J, et al. Positive fungal cultures in burn patients: a multicenter review. J Burn Care Res 2008; 29:213-221. This large multicenter study points out the incidence and clinical relevance of fungal colonization and infection in a burn population. The low mortality in untreated patients indicates that fungal cultures do not necessarily request for antifungal therapy.
    • (2008) J Burn Care Res , vol.29 , pp. 213-221
    • Ballard, J.1    Edelman, L.2    Saffle, J.3
  • 35
    • 0037404776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Colonization of burn wounds in Ain Shams University Burn Unit
    • Nasser S, Mabrouk A, Maher A. Colonization of burn wounds in Ain Shams University Burn Unit. Burns 2003; 29:229-233.
    • (2003) Burns , vol.29 , pp. 229-233
    • Nasser, S.1    Mabrouk, A.2    Maher, A.3
  • 36
    • 0023472482 scopus 로고
    • Candida infection in massively burned patients
    • Desai MH, Herndon DN, Abston S. Candida infection in massively burned patients. J Trauma 1987; 27:1186-1188.
    • (1987) J Trauma , vol.27 , pp. 1186-1188
    • Desai, M.H.1    Herndon, D.N.2    Abston, S.3
  • 37
    • 0035205484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal assessment of Candida risk factors in the surgical intensive care unit
    • discussion 1409
    • McKinnon PS, Goff DA, Kern JW, et al. Temporal assessment of Candida risk factors in the surgical intensive care unit. Arch Surg 2001; 136:1401-1408; discussion 1409.
    • (2001) Arch Surg , vol.136 , pp. 1401-1408
    • McKinnon, P.S.1    Goff, D.A.2    Kern, J.W.3
  • 38
    • 38149062808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agvald-Öhman C, Klingspor L, Hjelmqvist H, Edlund C. Invasive candidiasis in long-term patients at a multidisciplinary intensive care unit: Candida colonization index, risk factors, treatment and outcome. Scand J Infect Dis 2008; 40:145-153. Monocenter study evaluating the clinical value of the Candida colonization index in critically ill patients. In regression analysis, a relationship between a higher colonization density and subsequent invasive candidiasis was found. However, a clear cut-off value useful to start pre-emptive therapy could not be defined.
    • Agvald-Öhman C, Klingspor L, Hjelmqvist H, Edlund C. Invasive candidiasis in long-term patients at a multidisciplinary intensive care unit: Candida colonization index, risk factors, treatment and outcome. Scand J Infect Dis 2008; 40:145-153. Monocenter study evaluating the clinical value of the Candida colonization index in critically ill patients. In regression analysis, a relationship between a higher colonization density and subsequent invasive candidiasis was found. However, a clear cut-off value useful to start pre-emptive therapy could not be defined.
  • 39
    • 34247373493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution and epidemiology of Candida species causing fungemia at a Saudi Arabian hospital, 1996-2004
    • Al-Tawfiq JA. Distribution and epidemiology of Candida species causing fungemia at a Saudi Arabian hospital, 1996-2004. Int J Infect Dis 2007; 11:239-244.
    • (2007) Int J Infect Dis , vol.11 , pp. 239-244
    • Al-Tawfiq, J.A.1
  • 40
    • 23044494479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Candida spp. colonization significance in critically ill medical patients: A prospective study
    • Charles PE, Dalle F, Aube H, et al. Candida spp. colonization significance in critically ill medical patients: a prospective study. Intensive Care Med 2005; 31:393-400.
    • (2005) Intensive Care Med , vol.31 , pp. 393-400
    • Charles, P.E.1    Dalle, F.2    Aube, H.3
  • 41
    • 33644587704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A bedside scoring system ('Candida score') for early antifungal treatment in nonneutropenic critically ill patients with Candida colonization
    • Leon C, Ruiz-Santana S, Saavedra P, et al. A bedside scoring system ('Candida score') for early antifungal treatment in nonneutropenic critically ill patients with Candida colonization. Crit Care Med 2006; 34:730-737.
    • (2006) Crit Care Med , vol.34 , pp. 730-737
    • Leon, C.1    Ruiz-Santana, S.2    Saavedra, P.3
  • 42
    • 9144230074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Candidemia in critically ill patients: Difference of outcome between medical and surgical patients
    • Charles PE, Doise JM, Quenot JP, et al. Candidemia in critically ill patients: difference of outcome between medical and surgical patients. Intensive Care Med 2003; 29:2162-2169.
    • (2003) Intensive Care Med , vol.29 , pp. 2162-2169
    • Charles, P.E.1    Doise, J.M.2    Quenot, J.P.3
  • 43
    • 0031035533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Candidemia in non-neutropenic critically ill patients: Analysis of prognostic factors and assessment of systemic antifungal therapy. Study Group of Fungal Infection in the ICU
    • Nolla-Salas J, Sitges-Serra A, Leon-Gil C, et al. Candidemia in non-neutropenic critically ill patients: analysis of prognostic factors and assessment of systemic antifungal therapy. Study Group of Fungal Infection in the ICU. Intensive Care Med 1997; 23:23-30.
    • (1997) Intensive Care Med , vol.23 , pp. 23-30
    • Nolla-Salas, J.1    Sitges-Serra, A.2    Leon-Gil, C.3
  • 44
    • 0031028323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Candidemia in intensive care unit patients: Risk factors for mortality
    • Voss A, le Noble JL, Verduyn Lunel FM, et al. Candidemia in intensive care unit patients: risk factors for mortality. Infection 1997; 25:8-11.
    • (1997) Infection , vol.25 , pp. 8-11
    • Voss, A.1    le Noble, J.L.2    Verduyn Lunel, F.M.3
  • 45
    • 34247181114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology, risk factors, and outcomes of Candida albicans versus nonalbicans candidemia in non-neutropenic patients
    • Davis SL, Vazquez JA, McKinnon PS. Epidemiology, risk factors, and outcomes of Candida albicans versus nonalbicans candidemia in non-neutropenic patients. Ann Pharmacother 2007; 41:568-573.
    • (2007) Ann Pharmacother , vol.41 , pp. 568-573
    • Davis, S.L.1    Vazquez, J.A.2    McKinnon, P.S.3
  • 46
    • 0034946404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcome in critically ill patients with candidal fungaemia: Candida albicans vs. Candida glabrata
    • Blot S, Vandewoude K, Hoste E, et al. Outcome in critically ill patients with candidal fungaemia: Candida albicans vs. Candida glabrata. J Hosp Infect 2001; 47:308-313.
    • (2001) J Hosp Infect , vol.47 , pp. 308-313
    • Blot, S.1    Vandewoude, K.2    Hoste, E.3
  • 47
    • 38549163599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Candida albicans versus non-albicans intensive care unit-acquired bloodstream infections: Differences in risk factors and outcome
    • table of contents
    • Dimopoulos G, Ntziora F, Rachiotis G, et al. Candida albicans versus non-albicans intensive care unit-acquired bloodstream infections: differences in risk factors and outcome. Anesth Analg 2008; 106:523-529; table of contents.
    • (2008) Anesth Analg , vol.106 , pp. 523-529
    • Dimopoulos, G.1    Ntziora, F.2    Rachiotis, G.3
  • 48
    • 25444434148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for fatal candidemia caused by Candida albicans and nonalbicans Candida species
    • Cheng MF, Yang YL, Yao TJ, et al. Risk factors for fatal candidemia caused by Candida albicans and nonalbicans Candida species. BMC Infect Dis 2005; 5:22.
    • (2005) BMC Infect Dis , vol.5 , pp. 22
    • Cheng, M.F.1    Yang, Y.L.2    Yao, T.J.3
  • 49
    • 33748034724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of fluconazole consumption on longterm trends in candidal ecology
    • Blot S, Janssens R, Claeys G, et al. Effect of fluconazole consumption on longterm trends in candidal ecology. J Antimicrob Chemother 2006; 58:474-477.
    • (2006) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.58 , pp. 474-477
    • Blot, S.1    Janssens, R.2    Claeys, G.3
  • 50
    • 0345340404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The changing face of candidemia: Emergence of non-Candida albicans species and antifungal resistance
    • Nguyen MH, Peacock JE Jr, Morris AJ, et al. The changing face of candidemia: emergence of non-Candida albicans species and antifungal resistance. Am J Med 1996; 100:617-623.
    • (1996) Am J Med , vol.100 , pp. 617-623
    • Nguyen, M.H.1    Peacock Jr, J.E.2    Morris, A.J.3
  • 51
    • 33644506461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiological trends in nosocomial candidemia in intensive care
    • Bassetti M, Righi E, Costa A, et al. Epidemiological trends in nosocomial candidemia in intensive care. BMC Infect Dis 2006; 6:21.
    • (2006) BMC Infect Dis , vol.6 , pp. 21
    • Bassetti, M.1    Righi, E.2    Costa, A.3
  • 52
    • 38049075818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Candida glabrata fungaemia in intensive care units
    • A cohort study of ICU patients with Candida glabrata candidemia. Nearly 70% of these patients received fluconazole prior to the development of the candidemia, thereby assuming a role for broad-spectrum antifungals in the empiric treatment of patients previously exposed to azoles
    • Ruan SY, Lee LN, Jerng JS, et al. Candida glabrata fungaemia in intensive care units. Clin Microbiol Infect 2008; 14:136-140. A cohort study of ICU patients with Candida glabrata candidemia. Nearly 70% of these patients received fluconazole prior to the development of the candidemia, thereby assuming a role for broad-spectrum antifungals in the empiric treatment of patients previously exposed to azoles.
    • (2008) Clin Microbiol Infect , vol.14 , pp. 136-140
    • Ruan, S.Y.1    Lee, L.N.2    Jerng, J.S.3
  • 53
    • 34347360557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence, risk factors, and predictors of outcome of candidemia. Survey in 2 Italian university hospitals
    • Bassetti M, Trecarichi EM, Righi E, et al. Incidence, risk factors, and predictors of outcome of candidemia. Survey in 2 Italian university hospitals. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2007; 58:325-331.
    • (2007) Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis , vol.58 , pp. 325-331
    • Bassetti, M.1    Trecarichi, E.M.2    Righi, E.3
  • 54
    • 20244364842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of matching for exposure time on estimates of attributable mortality caused by nosocomial bacteremia in critically ill patients
    • Blot S, De Bacquer D, Hoste E, et al. Influence of matching for exposure time on estimates of attributable mortality caused by nosocomial bacteremia in critically ill patients. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2005; 26:352-356.
    • (2005) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.26 , pp. 352-356
    • Blot, S.1    De Bacquer, D.2    Hoste, E.3
  • 55
    • 34347400842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring the impact of multidrug resistance in nosocomial infection
    • Blot S, Depuydt P, Vandewoude K, De Bacquer D. Measuring the impact of multidrug resistance in nosocomial infection. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2007; 20:391-396.
    • (2007) Curr Opin Infect Dis , vol.20 , pp. 391-396
    • Blot, S.1    Depuydt, P.2    Vandewoude, K.3    De Bacquer, D.4
  • 56
    • 0032445324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intra-abdominal Candida infection during acute necrotizing pancreatitis has a high prevalence and is associated with increased mortality
    • Hoerauf A, Hammer S, Muller-Myhsok B, Rupprecht H. Intra-abdominal Candida infection during acute necrotizing pancreatitis has a high prevalence and is associated with increased mortality. Crit Care Med 1998; 26:2010-2015.
    • (1998) Crit Care Med , vol.26 , pp. 2010-2015
    • Hoerauf, A.1    Hammer, S.2    Muller-Myhsok, B.3    Rupprecht, H.4
  • 57
    • 0042768594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fungal infections in patients with severe acute pancreatitis and the use of prophylactic therapy
    • De Waele JJ, Vogelaers D, Blot S, Colardyn F. Fungal infections in patients with severe acute pancreatitis and the use of prophylactic therapy. Clin Infect Dis 2003; 37:208-213.
    • (2003) Clin Infect Dis , vol.37 , pp. 208-213
    • De Waele, J.J.1    Vogelaers, D.2    Blot, S.3    Colardyn, F.4
  • 58
    • 0030977378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microbiological factors influencing the outcome of nosocomial bloodstream infections: A 6-year validated, population-based model
    • Pittet D, Li N, Woolson RF, Wenzel RP. Microbiological factors influencing the outcome of nosocomial bloodstream infections: a 6-year validated, population-based model. Clin Infect Dis 1997; 24:1068-1078.
    • (1997) Clin Infect Dis , vol.24 , pp. 1068-1078
    • Pittet, D.1    Li, N.2    Woolson, R.F.3    Wenzel, R.P.4
  • 59
    • 33746070016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attributable mortality of candidemia: A systematic review of matched cohort and case-control studies
    • Falagas ME, Apostolou KE, Pappas VD. Attributable mortality of candidemia: a systematic review of matched cohort and case-control studies. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2006; 25:419-425.
    • (2006) Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis , vol.25 , pp. 419-425
    • Falagas, M.E.1    Apostolou, K.E.2    Pappas, V.D.3
  • 60
    • 0037109554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of nosocomial candidemia on outcomes of critically ill patients
    • Blot SI, Vandewoude KH, Hoste EA, Colardyn FA. Effects of nosocomial candidemia on outcomes of critically ill patients. Am J Med 2002; 113:480-485.
    • (2002) Am J Med , vol.113 , pp. 480-485
    • Blot, S.I.1    Vandewoude, K.H.2    Hoste, E.A.3    Colardyn, F.A.4
  • 61
    • 0036741450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systemic candidiasis in intensive care units: A multicenter, matched-cohort study
    • Leleu G, Aegerter P, Guidet B. Systemic candidiasis in intensive care units: a multicenter, matched-cohort study. J Crit Care 2002; 17:168-175.
    • (2002) J Crit Care , vol.17 , pp. 168-175
    • Leleu, G.1    Aegerter, P.2    Guidet, B.3
  • 62
    • 0037635412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimates of attributable mortality of systemic Candida infection in the ICU
    • author reply 131
    • Blot SI, Hoste EA, Vandewoude KH, Colardyn FA. Estimates of attributable mortality of systemic Candida infection in the ICU. J Crit Care 2003; 18:130-131; author reply 131.
    • (2003) J Crit Care , vol.18 , pp. 130-131
    • Blot, S.I.1    Hoste, E.A.2    Vandewoude, K.H.3    Colardyn, F.A.4
  • 63
    • 36849025334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Limiting the attributable mortality of nosocomial infection and multidrug resistance in intensive care units
    • This review article summarizes essentials to limit the burden of severe nosocomial infection. Issues in prevention of cross-transmission over strategies to select empiric therapy to adequate source control are appraised
    • Blot S. Limiting the attributable mortality of nosocomial infection and multidrug resistance in intensive care units. Clin Microbiol Infect 2008; 14:5-13. This review article summarizes essentials to limit the burden of severe nosocomial infection. Issues in prevention of cross-transmission over strategies to select empiric therapy to adequate source control are appraised.
    • (2008) Clin Microbiol Infect , vol.14 , pp. 5-13
    • Blot, S.1
  • 64
    • 24144483474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delaying the empiric treatment of Candida bloodstream infection until positive blood culture results are obtained: A potential risk factor for hospital mortality
    • Morrell M, Fraser VJ, Kollef MH. Delaying the empiric treatment of Candida bloodstream infection until positive blood culture results are obtained: a potential risk factor for hospital mortality. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005; 49:3640-3645.
    • (2005) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.49 , pp. 3640-3645
    • Morrell, M.1    Fraser, V.J.2    Kollef, M.H.3
  • 65
    • 34548138992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adequacy of empirical antifungal therapy and effect on outcome among patients with invasive Candida species infections
    • This population-based surveillance study demonstrates a significant relationship between empiric antifungal therapy and increased survival. Failure to initiate antifungal therapy prior to the availability of culture results was an independent predictor of death
    • Parkins MD, Sabuda DM, Elsayed S, Laupland KB. Adequacy of empirical antifungal therapy and effect on outcome among patients with invasive Candida species infections. J Antimicrob Chemother 2007; 60:613-618. This population-based surveillance study demonstrates a significant relationship between empiric antifungal therapy and increased survival. Failure to initiate antifungal therapy prior to the availability of culture results was an independent predictor of death.
    • (2007) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.60 , pp. 613-618
    • Parkins, M.D.1    Sabuda, D.M.2    Elsayed, S.3    Laupland, K.B.4
  • 66
    • 40749090845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective clinical trial of a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for the diagnosis of candidemia in nonneutropenic, critically ill adults
    • This prospective trial reports promising results about the value of a PCR assay technique in daily ICU practice for shortening the diagnosis time of candidemia
    • McMullan R, Metwally L, Coyle PV, et al. A prospective clinical trial of a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for the diagnosis of candidemia in nonneutropenic, critically ill adults. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 46:890-896. This prospective trial reports promising results about the value of a PCR assay technique in daily ICU practice for shortening the diagnosis time of candidemia.
    • (2008) Clin Infect Dis , vol.46 , pp. 890-896
    • McMullan, R.1    Metwally, L.2    Coyle, P.V.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.