Incidence, risk factors, and predictors of outcome of candidemia. Survey in 2 Italian university hospitals

Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease

Volumn 58, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 325-331

  Bassetti, Matteo ^a   Trecarichi, Enrico Maria ^b   Righi, Elda ^a   Sanguinetti, Maurizio ^b   Bisio, Francesca ^a   Posteraro, Brunella ^b   Soro, Ornella ^c   Cauda, Roberto ^b   Viscoli, Claudio ^a   Tumbarello, Mario ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GENOA   (Italy)

^b CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY   (Italy)

^c UNIVERSITY OF GENOA   (Italy)

Author keywords

Candidemia; Hospital; Incidence; Risk factors

Indexed keywords

AMPHOTERICIN B; ANTACID AGENT; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; ANTIFUNGAL AGENT; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; CASPOFUNGIN; FLUCONAZOLE; FLUCYTOSINE; ITRACONAZOLE; STEROID; VORICONAZOLE;

ADULT; AGED; APACHE; ARTICLE; BACTEREMIA; CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY; CANDIDA; CANDIDA ALBICANS; CANDIDEMIA; CASE CONTROL STUDY; CENTRAL VENOUS CATHETER; CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; HEALTH SURVEY; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HOSPITAL INFECTION; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; ITALY; LENGTH OF STAY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION; MORTALITY; NONHUMAN; OUTCOMES RESEARCH; PARENTERAL NUTRITION; PREDICTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; RISK FACTOR; SOLID TUMOR; UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL;

AGED; ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS; CANDIDIASIS; CATHETERIZATION, CENTRAL VENOUS; CROSS INFECTION; DRUG RESISTANCE, FUNGAL; FEMALE; FUNGEMIA; HOSPITALS, UNIVERSITY; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; ITALY; KIDNEY FAILURE, CHRONIC; LENGTH OF STAY; MALE; MICROBIAL SENSITIVITY TESTS; MIDDLE AGED; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; PARENTERAL NUTRITION; RISK FACTORS; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 34347360557     PISSN: 07328893     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2007.01.005     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Abi-Said D., Anaissie E., Uzun O., Raad I., Pinzcowski H., and Vartivarian S. The epidemiology of hematogenous candidiasis caused by different Candida species. Clin. Infect. Dis. 24 (1997) 1122-1128
2. Bassetti M., Righi E., Costa A., Fasce R., Molinari M.P., Rosso R., Pallavicini F.B., and Viscoli C. Epidemiological trends in nosocomial candidemia in intensive care. BMC Infect. Dis. 10 (2006) 21
3. Blot S.I., Vandewoude K.H., Hoste E.A., and Colardyn F.A. Effects of nosocomial candidemia on outcomes of critically ill patients. Am. J. Med. 113 (2002) 480-485
4. Blumberg H.M., Jarvis W.R., Soucie J.M., Edwards J.E., Patterson J.E., Pfaller M.A., Rangel-Frausto M.S., Rinaldi M.G., Saiman L., Wiblin R.T., Wenzel R.P., and National Epidemiology of Mycoses Surgery (NEMIS) Study Group. Risk factors for candidal bloodstream infections in surgical intensive care unit patients: the NEMIS Prospective Multicenter Study. Clin. Infect. Dis. 33 (2001) 177-186
5. Bohme A., and Karthaus M. Systemic fungal infections in patients with hematologic malignancies: indications and limitations of the antifungal armamentarium. Chemotherapy 45 (1999) 315-324
6. Bross J., Talbot G.H., Maislin G., Hurwitz S., and Strom B.L. Risk factors for nosocomial candidemia: a case-control study. Am. J. Med. 87 (1989) 614-620
7. Cantón E., Viudes A., and Pemán J. Systemic nosocomial infection by yeasts. Rev. Iberoam. Micol. 18 (2001) 51-55
8. Cordonnier C. Fungal infections: current diagnosis and treatment. Hematol. J. 5 Suppl 3 (2004) S59-S62
9. Cruciani M., de Lalla F., and Mengoli C. Prophylaxis of Candida infections in adult trauma and surgical intensive care patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Intensive Care Med. 31 (2005) 1479-1487
10. Diekema D.J., Messer S.A., Brueggemann A.B., Coffman S.L., Doern G.V., Herwaldt L.A., and Pfaller M.A. Epidemiology of candidemia: 3-year results from the Emerging Infections and the Epidemiology of Iowa Organisms study. J. Clin. Microbiol. 40 (2002) 1298-1302
11. DiNubile M., Hille D., Sable C.A., and Kartsonis N.A. Invasive candidiasis in cancer patients: observations from a randomized clinical trial. J. Infect. 50 (2005) 443-449
12. Fraser V.J., Jones M., Dunkel J., Storfer S., Medoff G., and Dunagan W.C. Candidemia in a tertiary care hospital: epidemiology, risk factors and predictors of mortality. Clin. Infect. Dis. 15 (1992) 414-421
13. Goldman M., Pottage Jr. J.C., and Weaver D.C. Candida krusei fungemia. Report of 4 cases and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 72 (1993) 143-150
14. Gomez J., Banos V., Simarro E., Ruiz J., Requena L., Perez J., Canteras M., and Valdes M. Nosocomial fungemias in a general hospital. Epidemiology and prognostic factors. Prospective study 1993-1998. Enferm. Infecc. Microbiol. Clin. 19 (2001) 304-307
15. Jarvis W.R. Epidemiology of nosocomial fungal infections, with emphasis on Candida species. Clin. Infect. Dis. 20 (1995) 1526-1530
16. Kibbler C.C., Seaton S., Barnes R.A., Gransden W.R., Holliman R.E., Johnson E.M., Perry J.D., Sullivan D.J., and Wilson J.A. Management and outcome of bloodstream infections due to Candida species in England and Wales. J. Hosp. Infect. 54 (2003) 18-24
17. Knaus W.A., Wagner D.P., Draper E.A., Zimmerman J.E., Bergner M., Bastos P.G., Sirio C.A., Murphy D.J., Lotring T., and Damiano A. The APACHE III prognostic system. Risk prediction of hospital mortality for critically ill hospitalized adults. Chest 100 (1991) 1619-1636
18. Kojic E.M., and Darouiche R.O. Comparison of adherence of Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis to silicone catheters in vitro and in vivo. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 9 (2003) 684-690
19. Kunova A., Trupl J., Dluholucky S., Galova G., and Krcmery Jr. V. Use of fluconazole is not associated with a higher incidence of Candida krusei and other nonalbicans Candida species. Clin. Infect. Dis. 21 (1995) 226-227
20. Luzzati R., Amalfitano G., Lazzarini L., Soldani F., Bellino S., Solbiati M., Danzi M.C., Vento S., Todeschini G., Vivenza C., and Concia E. Nosocomial candidemia in non-neutropenic patients at an Italian tertiary care hospital. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 19 (2000) 602-607
21. Marchetti O., Bille J., Fluckiger U., Eggimann P., Ruef C., Garbino J., Calandra T., Glauser M.P., Tauber M.G., and Pittet D. Epidemiology of candidemia in Swiss tertiary care hospitals: secular trends, 1991-2000. Clin. Infect. Dis. 38 (2004) 311-320
22. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Reference Method for Broth Dilution Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Yeasts. Approved Standard M27-A2 (2002), National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, Wayne, PA
23. Nguyen M.H., Peacock Jr. J.E., Morris A.J., Tanner D.C., Nguyen M.L., Snydman D.R., Wagener M.M., Rinaldi M.G., and Yu V.L. The changing face of candidemia: emergence of non-Candida albicans species and antifungal resistance. Am. J. Med. 100 (1996) 617-623
24. Pappas P.G., Rex J.H., Lee J., Hamill R.J., Larsen R.A., Powderly W., Kauffman C.A., Hyslop N., Mangino J.E., Chapman S., Horowitz H.W., Edwards J.E., and Dismukes W.E. A prospective observational study of candidemia: epidemiology, therapy, and influences on mortality in hospitalized adult and pediatric patients. Clin. Infect. Dis. 37 (2003) 634-643
25. Pfaller M.A., and Diekema D.J. Twelve-years of fluconazole in clinical practice: global trends in species distribution and fluconazole susceptibility of bloodstream isolates of Candida. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 10 Suppl. 1 (2004) 11-23
26. Pfaller M.A., Jones R.N., Doern G.V., Sader H.S., Messer S.A., Houston A., Coffman S., and Hollis R.J. Bloodstream infections due to Candida species: SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program in North America and Latin America, 1997-1998. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 44 (2000) 747-751
27. Pfaller M.A., Diekema D.J., Jones R.N., Sader H.S., Fluit A.C., Hollis R.J., Messer S.A., and SENTRY Participant Group. International surveillance of bloodstream infections due to Candida species: frequency of occurrence and in vitro susceptibilities to fluconazole, ravuconazole, and voriconazole of isolates collected from 1997 through 1999 in the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program. J Clin Microbiol 39 (2001) 3254-3259
28. Pfaller M.A., Messer S.A., Boyken L., Rice C., Tendolkar S., Hollis R.J., and Diekema D.J. Caspofungin activity against clinical isolates of fluconazole-resistant Candida. J. Clin. Microbiol. 41 (2003) 5729-5731
29. Pfaller M.A., Boyken L., Messer S.A., Tendolkar S., Hollis R.J., and Diekema D.J. Comparison of results of voriconazole disk diffusion testing for Candida species with results from a central reference laboratory in the ARTEMIS global antifungal surveillance program. J. Clin. Microbiol. 43 (2005) 5208-5213
30. Pittet D., and Wenzel R.P. Nosocomial bloodstream infections. Secular trends in rates, mortality, and contribution to total hospital deaths. Arch. Intern. Med. 155 (1995) 1177-1184
31. Rotstein C., Bow E.J., Laverdiere M., Ioannou S., Carr D., and Moghaddam N. Randomized placebo-controlled trial of fluconazole prophylaxis for neutropenic cancer patients: benefit based on purpose and intensity of cytotoxic therapy. The Canadian Fluconazole Prophylaxis Study Group. Clin. Infect. Dis. 28 (1999) 331-340
32. Russell J.A. Management of sepsis. N. Engl. J. Med. 355 (2006) 1699-1713
33. Slavin M.A., Osborne B., Adams R., Levenstein M.J., Schoch H.G., Feldman A.R., Meyers J.D., and Bowden R.A. Efficacy and safety of fluconazole prophylaxis for fungal infections after bone marrow transplantation: a prospective, randomized, double-blind study. J. Infect. Dis. 171 (1995) 1545-1552
34. Tortorano A.M., Biraghi E., Astolfi A., Ossi C., Tejada M., Farina C., Perin S., Bonaccorso C., Cavanna C., Raballo A., Grossi A., and FIMUA Candidemia Study Group. European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM) prospective survey of candidaemia: report from one Italian region. J. Hosp. Infect. 51 (2002) 297-304
35. Trick W.E., Fridkin S.K., Edwards J.R., Hajjeh R.A., and Gaynes R.P. Secular trend of hospital acquired candidemia among intensive care unit patients in the United States during 1989-1999. The National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System Hospitals. Clin. Infect. Dis. 35 (2002) 627-630
36. Warren N.G., and Hazen K.C. Candida, Cryptococcus, and other yeasts of medical importance. In: Murray P.R., Baron E.J., Pfaller M.A., Tenover F.C., and Yolken H. (Eds). Manual of Clinical Microbiology. 7th ed. (1999), ASM Press, Washington, DC 1184-1199
37. Weems Jr. J.J. Candida parapsilosis: epidemiology, pathogenicity, clinical manifestations and antimicrobial susceptibility. Clin. Infect. Dis. 14 (1992) 756-766
38. Wey S.B., Motomi M., Pfaller M.A., Woolson R.F., and Wenzel R.P. Hospital-acquired candidemia: the attributable mortality and excess length of stay. Arch. Intern. Med 148 (1988) 2642-2645
39. Wey S.B., Motomi M., Pfaller M.A., Woolson R.F., and Wenzel R.P. Risk factors for hospital-acquired candidemia: a matched case-control study. Arch. Intern. Med. 149 (1989) 2349-2353
40. White M.H. The contribution of fluconazole to the changing epidemiology of invasive candidal infections. Clin. Infect. Dis. 24 (1997) 1129-1130
41. Winston D.J., Chandrasekar P.H., Lazarus H.M., Goodman J.L., Silber J.L., Horowitz H., Shadduck R.K., Rosenfeld C.S., Ho W.G., Islam M.Z., and Buell D.N. Fluconazole prophylaxis of fungal infections in patients with acute leukemia. Results of a randomized placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter trial. Ann. Intern.Med. 118 (1993) 495-503