메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 14, Issue 5, 2008, Pages 587-592

How to break the vicious circle of antibiotic resistances?

Author keywords

Antibiotics; De escalation; Infection; Sepsis

Indexed keywords

AMINOGLYCOSIDE ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; BETA LACTAM ANTIBIOTIC; CEFOTAXIME; CIPROFLOXACIN; POLYPEPTIDE ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; QUINOLINE DERIVED ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; VANCOMYCIN;

EID: 55349089246     PISSN: 10705295     EISSN: 15317072     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/MCC.0b013e32830f1deb     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (28)

References (50)
  • 1
    • 11244281585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic prescription practice in an intensive care unit using twice-weekly collection of screening specimens: A prospective audit in a large UK teaching hospital
    • Warren MM, Gibb AP, Walsh TS. Antibiotic prescription practice in an intensive care unit using twice-weekly collection of screening specimens: a prospective audit in a large UK teaching hospital. J Hosp Infect 2005; 59:90-95.
    • (2005) J Hosp Infect , vol.59 , pp. 90-95
    • Warren, M.M.1    Gibb, A.P.2    Walsh, T.S.3
  • 2
    • 0141576826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of infection on hospital mortality for patients requiring > 48 h of intensive care
    • Osmon S, Warren D, Seiler SM, et al. The influence of infection on hospital mortality for patients requiring > 48 h of intensive care. Chest 2003; 124: 1021-1029.
    • (2003) Chest , vol.124 , pp. 1021-1029
    • Osmon, S.1    Warren, D.2    Seiler, S.M.3
  • 3
    • 33744527833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Duration of hypotension before initiation of effective antimicrobial therapy is the critical determinant of survival in human septic shock
    • Kumar A, Roberts D, Wood KE, et al. Duration of hypotension before initiation of effective antimicrobial therapy is the critical determinant of survival in human septic shock. Crit Care Med 2006; 34:1589-1596.
    • (2006) Crit Care Med , vol.34 , pp. 1589-1596
    • Kumar, A.1    Roberts, D.2    Wood, K.E.3
  • 4
    • 2442609888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Excessive antimicrobial usage causes measurable harm to patients with suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Yu VL, Singh N. Excessive antimicrobial usage causes measurable harm to patients with suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia. Intensive Care Med 2004; 30:735-738.
    • (2004) Intensive Care Med , vol.30 , pp. 735-738
    • Yu, V.L.1    Singh, N.2
  • 5
    • 0037453976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic resistance among Gram-negative bacilli in US intensive care units: Implications for fluoroquinolone use
    • Neuhauser MM, Weinstein RA, Rydman R, et al. Antibiotic resistance among Gram-negative bacilli in US intensive care units: implications for fluoroquinolone use. JAMA 2003; 289:885-888.
    • (2003) JAMA , vol.289 , pp. 885-888
    • Neuhauser, M.M.1    Weinstein, R.A.2    Rydman, R.3
  • 6
    • 33750206241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcome in bacteremia associated with nosocomial pneumonia and the impact of pathogen prediction by tracheal surveillance cultures
    • Depuydt P, Benoit D, Vogelaers D, et al. Outcome in bacteremia associated with nosocomial pneumonia and the impact of pathogen prediction by tracheal surveillance cultures. Intensive Care Med 2006; 32:1773-1781.
    • (2006) Intensive Care Med , vol.32 , pp. 1773-1781
    • Depuydt, P.1    Benoit, D.2    Vogelaers, D.3
  • 7
    • 34247551035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Empiric broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy of nosocomial pneumonia in the intensive care unit: A prospective observational study
    • Alvarez-Lerma F, Alvarez B, Luque P, et al. Empiric broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy of nosocomial pneumonia in the intensive care unit: a prospective observational study. Crit Care 2006; 10:R78.
    • (2006) Crit Care , vol.10
    • Alvarez-Lerma, F.1    Alvarez, B.2    Luque, P.3
  • 8
    • 33846439008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leone M, Garcin F, Bouvenot J, et al. Ventilator-associated pneumonia: breaking the vicious circle of antibiotic overuse. Crit Care Med 2007; 35:379-385. In this paper, management of patients with VAP is based on a protocol taking into account the local ecology and the use of de-escalation
    • Leone M, Garcin F, Bouvenot J, et al. Ventilator-associated pneumonia: breaking the vicious circle of antibiotic overuse. Crit Care Med 2007; 35:379-385. In this paper, management of patients with VAP is based on a protocol taking into account the local ecology and the use of de-escalation.
  • 9
    • 0037323947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Empirical antimicrobial therapy of septic shock patients: Adequacy and impact on the outcome
    • Leone M, Bourgoin A, Cambon S, et al. Empirical antimicrobial therapy of septic shock patients: adequacy and impact on the outcome. Crit Care Med 2003;31:462-467.
    • (2003) Crit Care Med , vol.31 , pp. 462-467
    • Leone, M.1    Bourgoin, A.2    Cambon, S.3
  • 10
    • 33750275276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detrimental role of delayed antibiotic administration and penicillin-nonsusceptible strains in adult intensive care unit patients with pneumococcal meningitis: The PNEUMOREA prospective multicenter study
    • Auburtin M, Wolff M, Charpentier J, et al. Detrimental role of delayed antibiotic administration and penicillin-nonsusceptible strains in adult intensive care unit patients with pneumococcal meningitis: the PNEUMOREA prospective multicenter study. Crit Care Med 2006; 34:2758-2765.
    • (2006) Crit Care Med , vol.34 , pp. 2758-2765
    • Auburtin, M.1    Wolff, M.2    Charpentier, J.3
  • 11
    • 0032401701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Community-acquired bacterial meningitis: Risk stratification for adverse clinical outcome and effect of antibiotic timing
    • Aronin SI, Peduzzi P, Quagliarello VJ. Community-acquired bacterial meningitis: risk stratification for adverse clinical outcome and effect of antibiotic timing. Ann Intern Med 1998; 129:862-869.
    • (1998) Ann Intern Med , vol.129 , pp. 862-869
    • Aronin, S.I.1    Peduzzi, P.2    Quagliarello, V.J.3
  • 12
    • 0032944743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention and management of overwhelming postsplenectomy infection: An update
    • Brigden ML, Pattullo AL. Prevention and management of overwhelming postsplenectomy infection: an update. Crit Care Med 1999; 27:836-842.
    • (1999) Crit Care Med , vol.27 , pp. 836-842
    • Brigden, M.L.1    Pattullo, A.L.2
  • 13
    • 0242636978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early administration of antibiotics does not shorten time to clinical stability in patients with moderate-to-severe community-acquired pneumonia
    • Silber SH, Garrett C, Singh R, et al. Early administration of antibiotics does not shorten time to clinical stability in patients with moderate-to-severe community-acquired pneumonia. Chest 2003; 124:1798-1804.
    • (2003) Chest , vol.124 , pp. 1798-1804
    • Silber, S.H.1    Garrett, C.2    Singh, R.3
  • 14
    • 0025809112 scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia by bacteriologic analysis of bronchoscopic and nonbronchoscopic 'blind' bronchoalveolar lavage fluid
    • Pugin J, Auckenthaler R, Mili N, et al. Diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia by bacteriologic analysis of bronchoscopic and nonbronchoscopic 'blind' bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Am Rev Respir Dis 1991; 143 (5 Pt 1):1121-1129.
    • (1991) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.143 , Issue.5 PART 1 , pp. 1121-1129
    • Pugin, J.1    Auckenthaler, R.2    Mili, N.3
  • 15
    • 0033837067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-course empiric antibiotic therapy for patients with pulmonary infiltrates in the intensive care unit. A proposed solution for indiscriminate antibiotic prescription
    • Singh N, Rogers P, Atwood CW, et al. Short-course empiric antibiotic therapy for patients with pulmonary infiltrates in the intensive care unit. A proposed solution for indiscriminate antibiotic prescription. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 162 (2 Pt 1):505-511.
    • (2000) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.162 , Issue.2 PART 1 , pp. 505-511
    • Singh, N.1    Rogers, P.2    Atwood, C.W.3
  • 16
    • 0038468773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcomes analysis of delayed antibiotic treatment for hospital-acquired Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia
    • Lodise TP, McKinnon PS, Swiderski L, et al. Outcomes analysis of delayed antibiotic treatment for hospital-acquired Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Clin Infect Dis 2003; 36:1418-1423.
    • (2003) Clin Infect Dis , vol.36 , pp. 1418-1423
    • Lodise, T.P.1    McKinnon, P.S.2    Swiderski, L.3
  • 17
    • 34948821753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictors of 30-day mortality among patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infections: Impact of delayed appropriate antibiotic selection
    • Lodise TP Jr, Patel N, Kwa A, et al. Predictors of 30-day mortality among patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infections: impact of delayed appropriate antibiotic selection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 51:3510-3515.
    • (2007) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.51 , pp. 3510-3515
    • Lodise Jr, T.P.1    Patel, N.2    Kwa, A.3
  • 18
    • 33947518800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized trial of catheter change and short course of antibiotics for asymptomatic bacteriuria in catheterized ICU patients
    • The management of asymptomatic bacteriuria by a short course of antibiotics and urinary catheter change did not alter the outcomes in catheterized ICU patients as compared with controls
    • Leone M, Perrin AS, Granier I, et al. A randomized trial of catheter change and short course of antibiotics for asymptomatic bacteriuria in catheterized ICU patients. Intensive Care Med 2007; 33:726-729. The management of asymptomatic bacteriuria by a short course of antibiotics and urinary catheter change did not alter the outcomes in catheterized ICU patients as compared with controls.
    • (2007) Intensive Care Med , vol.33 , pp. 726-729
    • Leone, M.1    Perrin, A.S.2    Granier, I.3
  • 19
    • 0042593454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ventilator-associated pneumonia after heart surgery: A prospective analysis and the value of surveillance
    • Bouza E, Perez A, Munoz P, et al. Ventilator-associated pneumonia after heart surgery: a prospective analysis and the value of surveillance. Crit Care Med 2003; 31:1964-1970.
    • (2003) Crit Care Med , vol.31 , pp. 1964-1970
    • Bouza, E.1    Perez, A.2    Munoz, P.3
  • 20
    • 0036142379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of serial routine microbiologic culture results in the initial management of ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Hayon J, Figliolini C, Combes A, et al. Role of serial routine microbiologic culture results in the initial management of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 165:41-46.
    • (2002) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.165 , pp. 41-46
    • Hayon, J.1    Figliolini, C.2    Combes, A.3
  • 21
    • 21244474036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Colonization status and appropriate antibiotic therapy for nosocomial bacteremia caused by antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacteria in an intensive care unit
    • Blot S, Depuydt P, Vogelaers D, et al. Colonization status and appropriate antibiotic therapy for nosocomial bacteremia caused by antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacteria in an intensive care unit. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2005; 26:575-579.
    • (2005) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.26 , pp. 575-579
    • Blot, S.1    Depuydt, P.2    Vogelaers, D.3
  • 22
    • 13644257785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early antibiotic treatment for BAL-confirmed ventilator-associated pneumonia: A role for routine endotracheal aspirate cultures
    • Michel F, Franceschini B, Berger P, et al. Early antibiotic treatment for BAL-confirmed ventilator-associated pneumonia: a role for routine endotracheal aspirate cultures. Chest 2005; 127:589-597.
    • (2005) Chest , vol.127 , pp. 589-597
    • Michel, F.1    Franceschini, B.2    Berger, P.3
  • 23
    • 33644601590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial resistance in nosocomial blood stream infection associated with pneumonia and the value of regular surveillance cultures
    • Depuydt PO, Blot SI, Benoit DD, et al. Antimicrobial resistance in nosocomial blood stream infection associated with pneumonia and the value of regular surveillance cultures. Crit Care Med 2006; 34:653-659.
    • (2006) Crit Care Med , vol.34 , pp. 653-659
    • Depuydt, P.O.1    Blot, S.I.2    Benoit, D.D.3
  • 24
    • 0037387562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors predicting ventilator-associated pneumonia recurrence
    • Combes A, Figliolini C, Trouillet JL, et al. Factors predicting ventilator-associated pneumonia recurrence. Crit Care Med 2003; 31:1102-1127.
    • (2003) Crit Care Med , vol.31 , pp. 1102-1127
    • Combes, A.1    Figliolini, C.2    Trouillet, J.L.3
  • 25
    • 33747595580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using local microbiologic data to develop institution-specific guidelines for the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia
    • Beardsley JR, Williamson JC, Johnson JW, et al. Using local microbiologic data to develop institution-specific guidelines for the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia. Chest 2006; 130:787-793.
    • (2006) Chest , vol.130 , pp. 787-793
    • Beardsley, J.R.1    Williamson, J.C.2    Johnson, J.W.3
  • 26
    • 13644269309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the management of adults with hospital-acquired, ventilator-associated, and health care-associated pneumonia
    • American Thoracic Society, Infectious Diseases Society of America
    • American Thoracic Society, Infectious Diseases Society of America. Guidelines for the management of adults with hospital-acquired, ventilator-associated, and health care-associated pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 171:388-416.
    • (2005) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.171 , pp. 388-416
  • 27
    • 33845693544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized trial of diagnostic techniques for ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Canadian Critical Care Trials Group
    • Canadian Critical Care Trials Group. A randomized trial of diagnostic techniques for ventilator-associated pneumonia. N Engl J Med 2006; 355:2619-2630.
    • (2006) N Engl J Med , vol.355 , pp. 2619-2630
  • 28
    • 0042851756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strategy of antibiotic rotation: Long-term effect on incidence and susceptibilities of Gram-negative bacilli responsible for ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Gruson D, Hubert G, Vargas F, et al. Strategy of antibiotic rotation: long-term effect on incidence and susceptibilities of Gram-negative bacilli responsible for ventilator-associated pneumonia. Crit Care Med 2003; 31:1908-1914.
    • (2003) Crit Care Med , vol.31 , pp. 1908-1914
    • Gruson, D.1    Hubert, G.2    Vargas, F.3
  • 29
    • 2442466013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma and lung concentrations of ceftazidime administered in continuous infusion to critically ill patients with severe nosocomial pneumonia
    • Boselli E, Breilh D, Rimmele T, et al. Plasma and lung concentrations of ceftazidime administered in continuous infusion to critically ill patients with severe nosocomial pneumonia. Intensive Care Med 2004; 30:989-991.
    • (2004) Intensive Care Med , vol.30 , pp. 989-991
    • Boselli, E.1    Breilh, D.2    Rimmele, T.3
  • 30
    • 0034006869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebrospinal fluid penetration and pharmacokinetics of vancomycin administered by continuous infusion to mechanically ventilated patients in an intensive care unit
    • Albanese J, Leone M, Bruguerolle B, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid penetration and pharmacokinetics of vancomycin administered by continuous infusion to mechanically ventilated patients in an intensive care unit. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000; 44:1356-1358.
    • (2000) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.44 , pp. 1356-1358
    • Albanese, J.1    Leone, M.2    Bruguerolle, B.3
  • 31
    • 0041778291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Steady-state plasma and intrapulmonary concentrations of cefepime administered in continuous infusion in critically ill patients with severe nosocomial pneumonia
    • Boselli E, Breilh D, Duflo F, et al. Steady-state plasma and intrapulmonary concentrations of cefepime administered in continuous infusion in critically ill patients with severe nosocomial pneumonia. Crit Care Med 2003; 31:2102-2106.
    • (2003) Crit Care Med , vol.31 , pp. 2102-2106
    • Boselli, E.1    Breilh, D.2    Duflo, F.3
  • 32
    • 17944367778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous versus intermittent infusion of vancomycin in severe staphylococcal infections: Prospective multicenter randomized study
    • Wysocki M, Delatour F, Faurisson F, et al. Continuous versus intermittent infusion of vancomycin in severe staphylococcal infections: prospective multicenter randomized study. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001; 45:2460-2467.
    • (2001) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.45 , pp. 2460-2467
    • Wysocki, M.1    Delatour, F.2    Faurisson, F.3
  • 33
    • 85120130151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Boselli E, Breilh D, Rimmelé T, et al. Alveolar concentrations of piperacillin/ tazobactam in continuous infusion to patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia. Crit Care Med 2008; 36:1500-1506. A target piperacillin serum concentration of at least 35-40 mg/l is probably required to provide alveolar concentrations exceeding the susceptibility breakpoint for Gram-negative bacteria (16 mg/l) during ventilator-associated pneumonia. In patients with no/mild renal failure, a continuous daily dose of piperacillin/tazobactam (16/2 g) allows reaching this target concentration, which might not be observed with 12/1.5g/day.
    • Boselli E, Breilh D, Rimmelé T, et al. Alveolar concentrations of piperacillin/ tazobactam in continuous infusion to patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia. Crit Care Med 2008; 36:1500-1506. A target piperacillin serum concentration of at least 35-40 mg/l is probably required to provide alveolar concentrations exceeding the susceptibility breakpoint for Gram-negative bacteria (16 mg/l) during ventilator-associated pneumonia. In patients with no/mild renal failure, a continuous daily dose of piperacillin/tazobactam (16/2 g) allows reaching this target concentration, which might not be observed with 12/1.5g/day.
  • 34
    • 0031940776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacodynamic evaluation of factors associated with the development of bacterial resistance in acutely ill patients during therapy
    • Thomas JK, Forrest A, Bhavnani SM, et al. Pharmacodynamic evaluation of factors associated with the development of bacterial resistance in acutely ill patients during therapy. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1998; 42:521-527.
    • (1998) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.42 , pp. 521-527
    • Thomas, J.K.1    Forrest, A.2    Bhavnani, S.M.3
  • 35
    • 0023119430 scopus 로고
    • Clinical response to aminoglycoside therapy: Importance of the ratio of peak concentration to minimal inhibitory concentration
    • Moore RD, Lietman PS, Smith CR. Clinical response to aminoglycoside therapy: importance of the ratio of peak concentration to minimal inhibitory concentration. J Infect Dis 1987; 155:93-99.
    • (1987) J Infect Dis , vol.155 , pp. 93-99
    • Moore, R.D.1    Lietman, P.S.2    Smith, C.R.3
  • 36
    • 30144434179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials for the treatment of pneumonia in seriously ill patients: Maximizing clinical outcomes and minimizing selection of resistant organisms
    • Niederman MS. Use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials for the treatment of pneumonia in seriously ill patients: maximizing clinical outcomes and minimizing selection of resistant organisms. Clin Infect Dis 2006; 42 (Suppl 2):S72-S81.
    • (2006) Clin Infect Dis , vol.42 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Niederman, M.S.1
  • 37
    • 33846434090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic therapy for ventilator-associated pneumonia: Deescalation in the real world
    • Depuydt P, Blot S. Antibiotic therapy for ventilator-associated pneumonia: deescalation in the real world. Crit Care Med 2007; 35:632-633.
    • (2007) Crit Care Med , vol.35 , pp. 632-633
    • Depuydt, P.1    Blot, S.2
  • 38
    • 0034979537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experience with a clinical guideline for the treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Ibrahim EH, Ward S, Sherman G, et al. Experience with a clinical guideline for the treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Crit Care Med 2001; 29:1109-1115.
    • (2001) Crit Care Med , vol.29 , pp. 1109-1115
    • Ibrahim, E.H.1    Ward, S.2    Sherman, G.3
  • 39
    • 27144434764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of clinical guidelines in the management of severe hospital-acquired pneumonia
    • Soo Hoo GW, Wen YE, Nguyen TV, et al. Impact of clinical guidelines in the management of severe hospital-acquired pneumonia Chest 2005; 128:2778-2787.
    • (2005) Chest , vol.128 , pp. 2778-2787
    • Soo Hoo, G.W.1    Wen, Y.E.2    Nguyen, T.V.3
  • 40
    • 34548164363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • De-escalation therapy rates are significantly higher by bronchoalveolar lavage than by tracheal aspirate
    • This study shows that de-escalation can be performed with safety for the patient outcomes
    • Giantsou E, Liratzopoulos N, Efraimidou E, et al. De-escalation therapy rates are significantly higher by bronchoalveolar lavage than by tracheal aspirate. Intensive Care Med 2007; 33:1533-1540. This study shows that de-escalation can be performed with safety for the patient outcomes.
    • (2007) Intensive Care Med , vol.33 , pp. 1533-1540
    • Giantsou, E.1    Liratzopoulos, N.2    Efraimidou, E.3
  • 41
    • 44449102317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How can earlier antibiotic efficacy be provided for ventilator-associated pneumonia without promoting bacterial resistance? Is initial monotherapy or a combination of antibiotics the right answer?
    • An interesting editorial discussing the role of combination therapy
    • Papazian L. How can earlier antibiotic efficacy be provided for ventilator-associated pneumonia without promoting bacterial resistance? Is initial monotherapy or a combination of antibiotics the right answer? Grit Care Med 2008; 36:994-995. An interesting editorial discussing the role of combination therapy.
    • (2008) Grit Care Med , vol.36 , pp. 994-995
    • Papazian, L.1
  • 42
    • 84903791844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beta lactam antibiotic monotherapy versus beta lactam-aminoglycoside antibiotic combination therapy for sepsis
    • CD003344
    • Paul M, Silbiger I, Grozinsky S, et al. Beta lactam antibiotic monotherapy versus beta lactam-aminoglycoside antibiotic combination therapy for sepsis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006; 1 :CD003344.
    • (2006) Cochrane Database Syst Rev , vol.1
    • Paul, M.1    Silbiger, I.2    Grozinsky, S.3
  • 43
    • 34547700428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Garnacho-Montero J, Sa-Borges M, Sole-Violan J, et al. Optimal management therapy for Pseudomonas aeruginosa ventilator-associated pneumonia; an observational, multicenter study comparing monotherapy with combination antibiotic therapy. Crit Care Med 2007; 35:1888-1895. This study shows that combination therapy is useful in order to increase the likelihood of having an effective treatment against P. aeruginosa. However, if monotherapy is effective against P. aeruginosa, use of combination therapy does not improve clinical outcomes.
    • Garnacho-Montero J, Sa-Borges M, Sole-Violan J, et al. Optimal management therapy for Pseudomonas aeruginosa ventilator-associated pneumonia; an observational, multicenter study comparing monotherapy with combination antibiotic therapy. Crit Care Med 2007; 35:1888-1895. This study shows that combination therapy is useful in order to increase the likelihood of having an effective treatment against P. aeruginosa. However, if monotherapy is effective against P. aeruginosa, use of combination therapy does not improve clinical outcomes.
  • 44
    • 27144463065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic utilization and outcomes for patients with clinically suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia and negative quantitative BAL culture results
    • Kollef MH, Kollef KE. Antibiotic utilization and outcomes for patients with clinically suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia and negative quantitative BAL culture results. Chest 2005; 128:2706-2713.
    • (2005) Chest , vol.128 , pp. 2706-2713
    • Kollef, M.H.1    Kollef, K.E.2
  • 45
    • 0345283255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of 8 vs 15 days of antibiotic therapy for ventilator-associated pneumonia in adults: A randomized trial
    • Chastre J, Wolff M, Fagon JY, et al. Comparison of 8 vs 15 days of antibiotic therapy for ventilator-associated pneumonia in adults: a randomized trial. JAMA 2003; 290:2588-2598.
    • (2003) JAMA , vol.290 , pp. 2588-2598
    • Chastre, J.1    Wolff, M.2    Fagon, J.Y.3
  • 46
    • 0025811549 scopus 로고
    • Short-course versus long-course antibiotic treatment of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. A randomized controlled study of 100 patients
    • Runyon BA, McHutchison JG, Antillen MR, et al. Short-course versus long-course antibiotic treatment of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. A randomized controlled study of 100 patients. Gastroenterology 1991; 100:1737-1742.
    • (1991) Gastroenterology , vol.100 , pp. 1737-1742
    • Runyon, B.A.1    McHutchison, J.G.2    Antillen, M.R.3
  • 47
    • 33845244357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can we define the ideal duration of antibiotic therapy?
    • Hedrick TL, Evans HL, Smith RL, et al. Can we define the ideal duration of antibiotic therapy? Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2006; 7:419-432.
    • (2006) Surg Infect (Larchmt) , vol.7 , pp. 419-432
    • Hedrick, T.L.1    Evans, H.L.2    Smith, R.L.3
  • 48
    • 0035088904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of appropriateness of initial antibiotic therapy on the outcome of ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Dupont H, Mentec H, Sollet JP, et al. Impact of appropriateness of initial antibiotic therapy on the outcome of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Intensive Care Med 2001; 27:355-362.
    • (2001) Intensive Care Med , vol.27 , pp. 355-362
    • Dupont, H.1    Mentec, H.2    Sollet, J.P.3
  • 49
    • 0030901413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of BAL data on the therapy and outcome of ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Luna CM, Vujacich P, Niederman MS, et al. Impact of BAL data on the therapy and outcome of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Chest 1997; 111:676-685.
    • (1997) Chest , vol.111 , pp. 676-685
    • Luna, C.M.1    Vujacich, P.2    Niederman, M.S.3
  • 50
    • 2442589404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized controlled trial of an antibiotic discontinuation policy for clinically suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Micek ST, Ward S, Fraser VJ, et al. A randomized controlled trial of an antibiotic discontinuation policy for clinically suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia. Chest 2004; 125:1791-1799.
    • (2004) Chest , vol.125 , pp. 1791-1799
    • Micek, S.T.1    Ward, S.2    Fraser, V.J.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.