메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 24, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 254-261

Social and Ethical Implications of Genomics, Race, Ethnicity, and Health Inequities

Author keywords

clinical decision making; health disparities; Human genetics; race

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; ETHNIC GROUP; FEMALE; GENOMICS; HUMAN; MALE; NEOPLASM; RACE; SOCIAL JUSTICE;

EID: 55349084417     PISSN: 07492081     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.soncn.2008.08.005     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (16)

References (65)
  • 1
    • 55349112710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consensus Panel on Genetic/Genomic Nursing Competencies. Essential Nursing Competencies and Curricula Guidelines for Genetics and Genomics. Silver Spring, MD: American Nurses Association. Available at: http://www.genome.gov/17517037. Accessed March 19, 2008.
    • Consensus Panel on Genetic/Genomic Nursing Competencies. Essential Nursing Competencies and Curricula Guidelines for Genetics and Genomics. Silver Spring, MD: American Nurses Association. Available at: http://www.genome.gov/17517037. Accessed March 19, 2008.
  • 2
    • 0037464588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A vision for the future of genomics research
    • Collins F.S., Green E.D., Guttmacher A.E., et al. A vision for the future of genomics research. Nature 422 (2003) 835-847
    • (2003) Nature , vol.422 , pp. 835-847
    • Collins, F.S.1    Green, E.D.2    Guttmacher, A.E.3
  • 3
    • 34250305146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification and analysis of functional elements in 1% of the human genome by the ENCODE pilot project
    • The ENCODE Project Consortium
    • The ENCODE Project Consortium. Identification and analysis of functional elements in 1% of the human genome by the ENCODE pilot project. Nature 447 (2007) 799-816
    • (2007) Nature , vol.447 , pp. 799-816
  • 4
  • 5
    • 34250006413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome-wide association study identifies novel breast cancer susceptibility loci
    • Easton D.F., Pooley K.A., Dunning A.M., et al. Genome-wide association study identifies novel breast cancer susceptibility loci. Nature 447 (2007) 1087-1093
    • (2007) Nature , vol.447 , pp. 1087-1093
    • Easton, D.F.1    Pooley, K.A.2    Dunning, A.M.3
  • 6
    • 18544389716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-penetrance susceptibility to breast cancer due to CHEK2(*)1100delC in non-carriers of BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations
    • Meijers-Heijboer H., van de Ouweland A., Klijn J., et al. Low-penetrance susceptibility to breast cancer due to CHEK2(*)1100delC in non-carriers of BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. Nat Genet 31 (2002) 55-59
    • (2002) Nat Genet , vol.31 , pp. 55-59
    • Meijers-Heijboer, H.1    van de Ouweland, A.2    Klijn, J.3
  • 7
    • 34250001297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A genome-wide association study identifies alleles in FGFR2 associated with risk of sporadic postmenopausal breast cancer
    • Hunter D.J., Kraft P., Jacobs K.B., et al. A genome-wide association study identifies alleles in FGFR2 associated with risk of sporadic postmenopausal breast cancer. Nat Genet 39 (2007) 870-874
    • (2007) Nat Genet , vol.39 , pp. 870-874
    • Hunter, D.J.1    Kraft, P.2    Jacobs, K.B.3
  • 8
    • 34547121725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A common genetic risk factor for colorectal and prostate cancer
    • Haiman C.A., Le Marchand L., Yamamato J., et al. A common genetic risk factor for colorectal and prostate cancer. Nat Genet 39 (2007) 954-956
    • (2007) Nat Genet , vol.39 , pp. 954-956
    • Haiman, C.A.1    Le Marchand, L.2    Yamamato, J.3
  • 9
    • 34547498546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A genome-wide association scan of tag SNPs identifies a susceptibility variant for colorectal cancer at 8q24.21
    • Tomlinson I., Webb E., Carajal-Carmona L., et al. A genome-wide association scan of tag SNPs identifies a susceptibility variant for colorectal cancer at 8q24.21. Nat Genet 39 (2007) 984-988
    • (2007) Nat Genet , vol.39 , pp. 984-988
    • Tomlinson, I.1    Webb, E.2    Carajal-Carmona, L.3
  • 10
    • 34547092701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome-wide association scan identifies a colorectal cancer susceptibility locus on chromosome 8q24
    • Zanke B.W., Greenwood C.M.T., Rangrej J., et al. Genome-wide association scan identifies a colorectal cancer susceptibility locus on chromosome 8q24. Nat Genet 39 (2007) 989-994
    • (2007) Nat Genet , vol.39 , pp. 989-994
    • Zanke, B.W.1    Greenwood, C.M.T.2    Rangrej, J.3
  • 11
    • 39749129053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple newly identified loci associated with prostate cancer susceptibility
    • Eeles R.A., Kote-Jarai Z., Giles G.G., et al. Multiple newly identified loci associated with prostate cancer susceptibility. Nat Genet 40 (2008) 316-321
    • (2008) Nat Genet , vol.40 , pp. 316-321
    • Eeles, R.A.1    Kote-Jarai, Z.2    Giles, G.G.3
  • 12
    • 38849117111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Confirmation study of prostate cancer risk variations at 8q24 in African American identifies a novel risk locus
    • Robbins C., Torres J.B., Hooker S., et al. Confirmation study of prostate cancer risk variations at 8q24 in African American identifies a novel risk locus. Genome Res 17 (2007) 1717-1722
    • (2007) Genome Res , vol.17 , pp. 1717-1722
    • Robbins, C.1    Torres, J.B.2    Hooker, S.3
  • 13
    • 34247482327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple regions within 8q24 independently affect risk for prostate cancer
    • Haiman C.A., Patterson N., Freedman M.L., et al. Multiple regions within 8q24 independently affect risk for prostate cancer. Nat Genet 39 (2007) 638-644
    • (2007) Nat Genet , vol.39 , pp. 638-644
    • Haiman, C.A.1    Patterson, N.2    Freedman, M.L.3
  • 14
    • 40049098166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cumulative association of five genetic variants with prostate cancer
    • Zheng S.L., Sun J., Wilkund F., et al. Cumulative association of five genetic variants with prostate cancer. N Engl J Med 358 (2008) 910-919
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.358 , pp. 910-919
    • Zheng, S.L.1    Sun, J.2    Wilkund, F.3
  • 15
    • 39749197456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genotype, haplotype and copy-number variation in worldwide human populations
    • Jakobsson M., Scholz S.W., Scheet P., et al. Genotype, haplotype and copy-number variation in worldwide human populations. Nature 451 (2008) 998-1003
    • (2008) Nature , vol.451 , pp. 998-1003
    • Jakobsson, M.1    Scholz, S.W.2    Scheet, P.3
  • 16
    • 41149161113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of genetic variation contributing to differences in gene expression between populations
    • Zhang W., Duan S., Kistner E.O., et al. Evaluation of genetic variation contributing to differences in gene expression between populations. Am J Hum Genet 82 (2008) 631-640
    • (2008) Am J Hum Genet , vol.82 , pp. 631-640
    • Zhang, W.1    Duan, S.2    Kistner, E.O.3
  • 17
    • 34548738566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population genomics of human gene expression
    • Stranger B.E., Nica A.C., Forrest M.S., et al. Population genomics of human gene expression. Nat Genet 39 (2007) 1217-1224
    • (2007) Nat Genet , vol.39 , pp. 1217-1224
    • Stranger, B.E.1    Nica, A.C.2    Forrest, M.S.3
  • 18
    • 37549066390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Breakthrough of the year: Human Genetic Variation
    • Pennisi E. Breakthrough of the year: Human Genetic Variation. Science 318 (2007) 1842-1843
    • (2007) Science , vol.318 , pp. 1842-1843
    • Pennisi, E.1
  • 20
    • 77956252735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The elementary of dear Dr. Watson
    • Available at: http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/article2630748.ece. Accessed October 15, 2007
    • Hunt-Grubbe C. The elementary of dear Dr. Watson. The Sunday Times. (October 14, 2007). http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/article2630748.ece Available at: http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/article2630748.ece. Accessed October 15, 2007
    • (2007) The Sunday Times.
    • Hunt-Grubbe, C.1
  • 21
    • 55349122388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The American Society of Human Genetics ASHG Response to Recent Comments on Intellectual Ability Policy Statement Archives. Available at: http://www.ashg.org/pages/statement_nov07.shml. Accessed March 19, 2008.
    • The American Society of Human Genetics ASHG Response to Recent Comments on Intellectual Ability Policy Statement Archives. Available at: http://www.ashg.org/pages/statement_nov07.shml. Accessed March 19, 2008.
  • 22
    • 55349147114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zerhouni EA. Statement by Elias A. Zerhouni, MD, Director, National Institutes of Health, regarding comments attributed to Dr. James Watson. About NIH. October 2001. http://www.nih.gov/about/director/10192007statement.htm. Accessed March 21, 2008.
    • Zerhouni EA. Statement by Elias A. Zerhouni, MD, Director, National Institutes of Health, regarding comments attributed to Dr. James Watson. About NIH. October 2001. http://www.nih.gov/about/director/10192007statement.htm. Accessed March 21, 2008.
  • 24
    • 85026168559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What we do and don't know about 'race', 'ethnicity', genetics and health at the dawn of the genome era
    • Collins F.S. What we do and don't know about 'race', 'ethnicity', genetics and health at the dawn of the genome era. Nat Genet 36 11 suppl (2004) S13-S15
    • (2004) Nat Genet , vol.36 , Issue.11 SUPPL
    • Collins, F.S.1
  • 26
    • 25444515998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Race Ethnicity and Genetics Working Group. The use of racial ethnic and ancestral categories in human genetics research
    • Race Ethnicity and Genetics Working Group. The use of racial ethnic and ancestral categories in human genetics research. Am J Hum Genet 77 (2005) 519-532
    • (2005) Am J Hum Genet , vol.77 , pp. 519-532
  • 30
    • 55349083137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Office of Management and Budget. Revisions to the Standards for the Classification of Federal Data on Race and Ethnicity
    • Accessed March 19, 2008
    • Office of Management and Budget. Revisions to the Standards for the Classification of Federal Data on Race and Ethnicity. Federal Register Notice (October 30, 1997). http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/fedreg/ombdir15.html Accessed March 19, 2008
    • (1997) Federal Register Notice
  • 31
    • 0242679734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial measurement in the American census: past practices and implications for the future
    • Snipp M.C. Racial measurement in the American census: past practices and implications for the future. Annu Rev Sociol 29 (2003) 563-588
    • (2003) Annu Rev Sociol , vol.29 , pp. 563-588
    • Snipp, M.C.1
  • 32
    • 33646545050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetics, epidemiology and cancer disparities: is it black and white?
    • Rebbeck T.R., Halbert C.H., and Sankar P. Genetics, epidemiology and cancer disparities: is it black and white?. J Clin Oncol 24 (2006) 2164-2169
    • (2006) J Clin Oncol , vol.24 , pp. 2164-2169
    • Rebbeck, T.R.1    Halbert, C.H.2    Sankar, P.3
  • 33
    • 0142022663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnic neutropenia and treatment delay in African American women undergoing chemotherapy for early-stage breast cancer
    • Hershman D., Weinberg Z.R., Alexis K., et al. Ethnic neutropenia and treatment delay in African American women undergoing chemotherapy for early-stage breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 95 (2003) 1545-1548
    • (2003) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.95 , pp. 1545-1548
    • Hershman, D.1    Weinberg, Z.R.2    Alexis, K.3
  • 34
    • 27544503230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gefitinib plus best supportive care in previously treated patients with refractory advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: results from a randomized, placebo-controlled multicenter study (Iressa Survival Evaluation in Lung Cancer)
    • Thatcher N., Chang A., Parkh P., et al. Gefitinib plus best supportive care in previously treated patients with refractory advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: results from a randomized, placebo-controlled multicenter study (Iressa Survival Evaluation in Lung Cancer). Lancet 366 (2005) 1527-1537
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.366 , pp. 1527-1537
    • Thatcher, N.1    Chang, A.2    Parkh, P.3
  • 35
    • 33947498978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular predictors of response to epidermal growth factor receptor antagonists in non-small-cell lung cancer
    • Sequist L.V., Bell D.W., Lynch T., et al. Molecular predictors of response to epidermal growth factor receptor antagonists in non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 25 (2007) 587-595
    • (2007) J Clin Oncol , vol.25 , pp. 587-595
    • Sequist, L.V.1    Bell, D.W.2    Lynch, T.3
  • 36
    • 33744960226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Race, breast cancer subtypes, and survival in the Carolina breast cancer study
    • Carey L.A., Perou C.M., Livasy C.A., et al. Race, breast cancer subtypes, and survival in the Carolina breast cancer study. JAMA 295 (2006) 2492-2502
    • (2006) JAMA , vol.295 , pp. 2492-2502
    • Carey, L.A.1    Perou, C.M.2    Livasy, C.A.3
  • 37
    • 38849190111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumor immunobiological differences in prostate cancer between African-American and European-American men
    • Wallace T.A., Prueitt R.L., Yi M., et al. Tumor immunobiological differences in prostate cancer between African-American and European-American men. Cancer Res 68 (2008) 927-936
    • (2008) Cancer Res , vol.68 , pp. 927-936
    • Wallace, T.A.1    Prueitt, R.L.2    Yi, M.3
  • 38
    • 25144433506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Realizing the promise of genomics in biomedical research
    • Guttmacher A.E., and Collins F.S. Realizing the promise of genomics in biomedical research. JAMA 294 (2005) 1399-1402
    • (2005) JAMA , vol.294 , pp. 1399-1402
    • Guttmacher, A.E.1    Collins, F.S.2
  • 39
    • 0038744296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Average risks of breast and ovarian cancer associated with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations detected in case series unselected for family history: a combined analysis of 22 studies
    • Antoniou A., Pharoah P.D., Narod S., et al. Average risks of breast and ovarian cancer associated with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations detected in case series unselected for family history: a combined analysis of 22 studies. Am J Hum Genet 72 (2003) 1117-1130
    • (2003) Am J Hum Genet , vol.72 , pp. 1117-1130
    • Antoniou, A.1    Pharoah, P.D.2    Narod, S.3
  • 40
    • 37549036689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of pathogenic BRCA1 mutation carriers in 5 US racial/ethnic groups
    • John E.M., Miron A., Gong G., et al. Prevalence of pathogenic BRCA1 mutation carriers in 5 US racial/ethnic groups. JAMA 298 (2007) 2869-2876
    • (2007) JAMA , vol.298 , pp. 2869-2876
    • John, E.M.1    Miron, A.2    Gong, G.3
  • 41
    • 37549049766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic testing in diverse populations: are researchers doing enough to get out the correct message?
    • Huo D.H., and Olopade O.I. Genetic testing in diverse populations: are researchers doing enough to get out the correct message?. JAMA 298 (2007) 2910-2911
    • (2007) JAMA , vol.298 , pp. 2910-2911
    • Huo, D.H.1    Olopade, O.I.2
  • 42
    • 33646598051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Colorectal cancer model of health disparities: understanding morality differences in minority populations
    • Polite B.N., Dignam J.J., and Olopade O.I. Colorectal cancer model of health disparities: understanding morality differences in minority populations. J Clin Oncol 24 (2006) 2179-2187
    • (2006) J Clin Oncol , vol.24 , pp. 2179-2187
    • Polite, B.N.1    Dignam, J.J.2    Olopade, O.I.3
  • 43
    • 39149127318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reducing prostate cancer morbidity and mortality in African American men
    • Jones R.A., Underwood S.M., and Rivers B.M. Reducing prostate cancer morbidity and mortality in African American men. Clin J Oncol Nurs 11 (2007) 865-872
    • (2007) Clin J Oncol Nurs , vol.11 , pp. 865-872
    • Jones, R.A.1    Underwood, S.M.2    Rivers, B.M.3
  • 44
    • 0036363157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Research on the provider contribution to race/ethnicity disparities in medical care
    • vanRyn M. Research on the provider contribution to race/ethnicity disparities in medical care. Med Care 1 suppl 1 (2002) I140-I151
    • (2002) Med Care , vol.1 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • vanRyn, M.1
  • 45
    • 34347326018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physicians' communication and perceptions of patients: is it how they look, how they talk, or is it just the doctor?
    • Street R.L., Howard G., and Haidet P. Physicians' communication and perceptions of patients: is it how they look, how they talk, or is it just the doctor?. Soc Sci Med 65 (2007) 586-598
    • (2007) Soc Sci Med , vol.65 , pp. 586-598
    • Street, R.L.1    Howard, G.2    Haidet, P.3
  • 46
    • 33746874519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cancer communication patterns and the influence of patient characteristics: disparities in information-giving and affective behaviors
    • Siminoff L.A., Graham G.C., and Gordon N.H. Cancer communication patterns and the influence of patient characteristics: disparities in information-giving and affective behaviors. Patient Educ Couns 62 (2006) 355-360
    • (2006) Patient Educ Couns , vol.62 , pp. 355-360
    • Siminoff, L.A.1    Graham, G.C.2    Gordon, N.H.3
  • 47
    • 34547838451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implicit bias among physicians and its prediction of thrombolysis decisions for black and white patients
    • Green A.R., Carney D.R., Pallin D.J., et al. Implicit bias among physicians and its prediction of thrombolysis decisions for black and white patients. J Gen Intern Med 22 (2007) 1231-1238
    • (2007) J Gen Intern Med , vol.22 , pp. 1231-1238
    • Green, A.R.1    Carney, D.R.2    Pallin, D.J.3
  • 48
    • 0033602049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of race and sex on physicians' recommendations for cardiac catheterization
    • Schulman K.A., Berlin J.A., Harless W., et al. The effect of race and sex on physicians' recommendations for cardiac catheterization. N Engl J Med 340 (1999) 618-626
    • (1999) N Engl J Med , vol.340 , pp. 618-626
    • Schulman, K.A.1    Berlin, J.A.2    Harless, W.3
  • 49
    • 33645106305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The expression of emotion through nonverbal behavior in medical visits
    • Roter D.L., Frankel R.M., Hall J.A., et al. The expression of emotion through nonverbal behavior in medical visits. J Gen Intern Med 21 suppl 1 (2006) S28-S34
    • (2006) J Gen Intern Med , vol.21 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Roter, D.L.1    Frankel, R.M.2    Hall, J.A.3
  • 52
    • 33646573027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial and ethnic disparities in breast cancer mortality: are we doing enough to address the root causes?
    • Blackman D.J., and Masi D.M. Racial and ethnic disparities in breast cancer mortality: are we doing enough to address the root causes?. J Clin Oncol 24 (2006) 2170-2178
    • (2006) J Clin Oncol , vol.24 , pp. 2170-2178
    • Blackman, D.J.1    Masi, D.M.2
  • 53
    • 13944264245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Race and family history assessment for breast cancer
    • Murff H.J., Byrne D., Haas J.S., et al. Race and family history assessment for breast cancer. J Gen Intern Med 20 (2005) 75-80
    • (2005) J Gen Intern Med , vol.20 , pp. 75-80
    • Murff, H.J.1    Byrne, D.2    Haas, J.S.3
  • 54
    • 0034655254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minority cancer patients and their providers: pain management attitudes and practices
    • Anderson K.O., Mendoza T.R., Valero V., et al. Minority cancer patients and their providers: pain management attitudes and practices. Cancer 88 (2000) 1929-1938
    • (2000) Cancer , vol.88 , pp. 1929-1938
    • Anderson, K.O.1    Mendoza, T.R.2    Valero, V.3
  • 55
    • 0032540743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of pain in elderly patients with cancer
    • Bernabei R., Gambassi G., Lapane K., et al. Management of pain in elderly patients with cancer. JAMA 279 (1998) 1877-1882
    • (1998) JAMA , vol.279 , pp. 1877-1882
    • Bernabei, R.1    Gambassi, G.2    Lapane, K.3
  • 56
    • 0028873919 scopus 로고
    • Geographic, age and racial variation in the treatment of local/regional carcinoma of the prostate
    • Harlan L., Brawley O., Pommerenke F., et al. Geographic, age and racial variation in the treatment of local/regional carcinoma of the prostate. J Clin Oncol 13 (1995) 93-100
    • (1995) J Clin Oncol , vol.13 , pp. 93-100
    • Harlan, L.1    Brawley, O.2    Pommerenke, F.3
  • 57
    • 0034151284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors associated with no surgery or radiation therapy for invasive cervical cancer in black and white women
    • Merrill R.M., Merrill A.V., and Mayer L.S. Factors associated with no surgery or radiation therapy for invasive cervical cancer in black and white women. Ethn Dis 10 (2000) 248-256
    • (2000) Ethn Dis , vol.10 , pp. 248-256
    • Merrill, R.M.1    Merrill, A.V.2    Mayer, L.S.3
  • 58
    • 41749092567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disparities and trends in sentinel lymph node biopsy among early-stage breast cancer patients (1998-2005)
    • Chen A.Y., Halpern M.T., Schrag N.M., et al. Disparities and trends in sentinel lymph node biopsy among early-stage breast cancer patients (1998-2005). J Natl Cancer Inst 100 (2008) 462-474
    • (2008) J Natl Cancer Inst , Issue.100 , pp. 462-474
    • Chen, A.Y.1    Halpern, M.T.2    Schrag, N.M.3
  • 59
    • 16444381731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial differences in the use of BRCA1/2 testing among women with a family history of breast or ovarian cancer
    • Armstrong K., Micco E., Carney A., et al. Racial differences in the use of BRCA1/2 testing among women with a family history of breast or ovarian cancer. JAMA 293 (2005) 1729-1736
    • (2005) JAMA , vol.293 , pp. 1729-1736
    • Armstrong, K.1    Micco, E.2    Carney, A.3
  • 60
    • 37849013468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased uptake of BRCA1/2 genetic testing among African American Women with a recent diagnosis of breast cancer
    • Susswein L.R., Skrzynia C., Lange L.A., et al. Increased uptake of BRCA1/2 genetic testing among African American Women with a recent diagnosis of breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 26 (2008) 32-36
    • (2008) J Clin Oncol , vol.26 , pp. 32-36
    • Susswein, L.R.1    Skrzynia, C.2    Lange, L.A.3
  • 61
    • 24744462961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic testing for inherited breast cancer risk in African Americans
    • Halbert D.H., Kessler L.J., and Mitchell E. Genetic testing for inherited breast cancer risk in African Americans. Cancer Invest 23 (2005) 285-295
    • (2005) Cancer Invest , vol.23 , pp. 285-295
    • Halbert, D.H.1    Kessler, L.J.2    Mitchell, E.3
  • 62
    • 24944446095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The meaning of race in health care and research-part 1: the impact of history
    • Tashiro C.J. The meaning of race in health care and research-part 1: the impact of history. Pediatr Nurs 31 (2005) 208-210
    • (2005) Pediatr Nurs , vol.31 , pp. 208-210
    • Tashiro, C.J.1
  • 63
    • 32944481791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The meaning of race in healthcare research-part 2: current controversies and emerging research
    • Tashiro C.J. The meaning of race in healthcare research-part 2: current controversies and emerging research. Pediatr Nurs 31 (2005) 305-308
    • (2005) Pediatr Nurs , vol.31 , pp. 305-308
    • Tashiro, C.J.1
  • 65
    • 0033754793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • History counts: a comparative analysis of racial/color categorization in US and Brazilian censuses
    • Nobles M. History counts: a comparative analysis of racial/color categorization in US and Brazilian censuses. Am J Public Health 90 (2000) 1738-1745
    • (2000) Am J Public Health , vol.90 , pp. 1738-1745
    • Nobles, M.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.