The environmental and public health risks associated with arsenical use in animal feeds

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

Volumn 1140, Issue , 2008, Pages 346-357

  Silbergeld, Ellen K ^a,c   Nachman, Keeve ^b  

^a Johns Hopkins University   (United States)

^b U S ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY   (United States)

^c JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Agriculture; Animal feed; Animal production; Animal waste; Antibiotic resistance; Arsenic; Concentrated animal feeding operations; Groundwater; Poultry; Roxarsone; Swine; Waste management

Indexed keywords

ARSANILIC ACID; ARSENIC; ROXARSONE;

ANIMAL FOOD; CONFERENCE PAPER; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; FOOD CONTAMINATION; HEALTH HAZARD; PUBLIC HEALTH; WASTE DISPOSAL; WASTE MANAGEMENT; WATER CONTAMINATION;

ANIMALIA; SUIDAE; SUS SCROFA DOMESTICA;

EID: 54949104997     PISSN: 00778923     EISSN: 17496632     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1196/annals.1454.049     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (61)

1. International Agency for Research on Cancer. 2008. Arsenic in Drinking Water, http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/vol84-6.pdf.
2. Navas-Acien, A. et al. 2005. Arsenic exposure and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review of the epidemiologic evidence. Am. J. Epidemiol. 162 : 1037 1049.
3. Navas-Acien, A. et al. 2006. Arsenic exposure and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review of the experimental and epidemiological evidence. Environ. Health Perspect. 114 : 641 648.
4. Wasserman, G.A. et al. 2007. Water arsenic exposure and intellectual function in 6-year-old children in Araihazar, Bangladesh. Environ. Health Perspect. 115 : 285 289.
5. National Research Council. 1999. The use of drugs in food animals: Benefits and risks. F.S. Committee on Drug Use in Food Animals Panel on Animal Health, and Public Health, Ed. National Academy Press. Washington, DC.
6. Chapman, H.D. et al. 2002. Use of antibiotics and roxarsone in broiler chickens in the USA: analysis for the years 1995 to 2000. Poult. Sci. 81 : 356 364.
7. Wallinga, D., Playing Chicken: Avoiding Arsenic in Your Meat. 2006, Institute for Agriculture and Trade policy: Minneapolis, Minnesota. Available from : http://www.healthobservatory.org/index.cfm?refid=80529.
8. Otte, J. et al. 2007. Industrial Livestock production and global health risks. http://www.fao.org/ag/pplpi.htm.
9. Li, Y.-X. et al. 2005. Concentrations of additive arsenic in Beijing pig feeds and the residues in pig manure. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 45 : 356 367.
10. Food Safety and Inspection Service, 2005 National Residue Data. 2006.
11. Food and Drug Administration, NADA 7-891: Environmental Impact Analysis Report. 1981.
12. National Research Council, Arsenic in Drinking Water: 2001 Update. 2001. N.R. Council, Ed. Washington, DC : National Academy Press.
13. Silbergeld, E.K. 2004. Arsenic in food. Environ. Health Perspect. 112 : A338 A339.
14. Jelinek, C.F. et al. 1977. Levels of arsenic in the United States food supply. Environ. Health Perspect. 19 : 83 87.
15. Alpharma. 2008. 3-Nitro is Safe for the Consumer and Environment. [cited 23 January 2008]; Available from : http://www.alpharma.com/newahd/pages/getfile. aspx?m=view&id=%5C%5CPdf%5CTechbullpdf%5Ctechb1_v1.0.pdf.
16. United States Department of Agriculture. 2006. Poultry Yearbook: Table 65-Broilers: Production and Income. July 2006 [cited January 23, 2008]; Available from : http://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/usda/ers/89007/table0065.xls.
17. United States Department of Agriculture. ERS/USDA Data - Food Availability (Per Capita) Data System: Food Availability Spreadsheets. 2008 June 25, 2008 [cited 2008 August 26] Available from : http://www.ers.usda.gov/Data/ FoodConsumption/FoodAvailSpreadsheets.htm. Direct link to poultry data : http://www.ers.usda.gov/Data/FoodConsumption/spreadsheets/mtpoulsu.xls. Direct link to pork and beef data : http://www.ers.usda.gov/Data/FoodConsumption/ spreadsheets/mtredsu.xls.
18. United States Department of Agriculture, India's Poultry Sector: Development and Prospects, in Agriculture and Trade Reports. 2004, Economic Research Service. Available from : http://www.ers.usda.gov/Publications/WRS0403/ .
19. Lasky, T. et al. 2004. Mean total arsenic concentrations in chicken 1989-2000 and estimated exposures for consumers of chicken. Environ. Health Perspect. 112 : 18 21.
20. U.S. EPA. Exposure Factors Handbook-1997 1997). http://cfpub.epa.gov/ ncea/cfm/recordisplay.cfm?deid=12464&CFID=1367089&CFTOKEN=81441029.
21. Sapkota, A.R. et al. 2006. Arsenic resistance in Campylobacter spp. isolated from retail poultry products. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72 : 3069 3071.
22. Overby, L.R. et al. 1960. Excretion studies in swine fed arsanilic acid. J. Anim. Sci. 19 : 140 144.
23. Alpharma, 3-Nitro is Safe for the Consumer and Environment, Alpharma Animal Health Division.
24. Morrison, J.L. 1969. Distribution of arsenic from poultry litter in broiler chickens, soil, and crops. J. Agric. Food Chem. 17 : 1288 1290.
25. Jackson, B.P. et al. 2003. Trace element speciation in poultry litter. J. Environ. Qual. 32 : 535 540.
26. Webb, K.E.J. et al. 1975. Medicinal drug residues in broiler litter and tissues from cattle fed litter. J. Anim. Sci. 41 : 1212 1217.
27. Christen, K. 2001. Chickens, manure, and arsenic. Environ. Sci. Technol. 35 : 184A 185A.
28. Silbergeld, E.K. et al. 2008. Industrial food animal production, antimicrobial resistance, and human health. Ann. Rev. Public Health 29 : 12.1 12.19.
29. Milorganite. Our History. 2008. [accessed 2008 August 28]; Available from : http://www.milorganite.com/about/history.cfm.
30. Nachman, K.E. et al. 2008. Comparison of arsenic content in pelletized poultry house waste and biosolids fertilizer. Chemosphere. 71 (3 500 506.
31. Arai, Y. et al. 2003. Arsenic speciation and reactivity in poultry litter. Environ. Sci. Technol. 37 : 4083 4090.
32. Rutherford, D.W. et al. 2003. Environmental fate of roxarsone in poultry litter. Part II. Mobility of arsenic in soils amended with poultry litter. Environ. Sci. Technol. 37 : 1515 1520.
33. Garbarino, J.R. et al. 2003. Environmental fate of roxarsone in poultry litter. Part I. Degradation of roxarsone during composting. Environ. Sci. Technol. 37 : 1509 1514.
34. Nachman, K.E. et al. 2005. Arsenic: a roadblock to potential animal waste management solutions. Environ. Health Perspect. 113 : 1123 1124.
35. Fibrowatt LLC. 2007. Fibrowatt. [cited 5 December 2007]; Available from : http://www.fibrowattusa.com/us-projects.cfm.
36. Rankins, D.L., Jr. et al. 2002. Recycled poultry bedding as cattle feed. Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract. 18 : 253 266.
37. Murthy, K.S. et al. 1996. Nutritive value of supplements containing poultry droppings/litter for sheep and goats. Small Ruminant Res. 21 : 71 75.
38. Westing, T.W. et al. 1985. Characterization of mineral element profiles in animal waste and tissues from cattle fed animal waste. I. Heifers fed broiler litter. J. Anim. Sci. 61 : 670 681.
39. Perez-Carrera, A. et al. 2005. Arsenic concentration in water and bovine milk in Cordoba, Argentina. Preliminary results. J. Dairy Res. 72 : 122 124.
40. Calvert, C.C. et al. 1980. Arsenic in tissues of sheep and milk of dairy cows fed arsanilic acid and 3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid. J. Anim. Sci. 51 : 414 421.
41. Myer, R.O. et al. 2004. Evaluation of a rendered poultry mortality-soybean meal product as a supplemental protein source for pig diets. J. Anim. Sci. 82 : 1071 1078.
42. Stolz, J.F. et al. 2007. Biotransformation of 3-nitro-4-hydroxybenzene arsonic acid (roxarsone) and release of inorganic arsenic by Clostridium species. Environ. Sci. Technol. 41 : 818 823.
43. Overby, L.R. et al. 1962. Nonretention by the chicken of the arsenic in tissues of swine fed arsanilic acid. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 4 : 745 751.
44. Han, F.X. et al. 2004. Arsenic solubility and distribution in poultry waste and long-term amended soil. Sci. Total Environ. 320 : 51 61.
45. Gupta, G. et al. 1999. Trace elements in soils fertilized with poultry litter. Poult. Sci. 78 : 1695 1698.
46. Moore, P.A. et al. 1998. Decreasing metal runoff from poultry litter with aluminum sulfate. J. Environ. Qual. 27 : 92 99.
47. Jain, A. et al. 2000. Effect of competing anions on the adsorption of arsenate and arsenite by ferrihydrite. J. Environ. Qual. 29 : 1422 1430.
48. Miller, C.V. et al. 2000. Environmental Fate and Transport of Arsenical Feed Amendments for Animal Agriculture. [cited 16 January 2008]; Available from : http://va.water.usgs.gov/GLOBAL/Abst/hancock_agu_2000.htm.
49. Denver, J.M. et al. 2004. Water Quality in the Delmarva Peninsula, Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia, 1999-2001. USGS.
50. Bolton, D. 2003. Personal communication, E.K. Silbergeld, Ed. Baltimore, MD.
51. Nweke, O. et al. 2007. Poultry production and arsenic in drinking water from groundwater in the Eastern and Southern Shore counties of Maryland. The Toxicologist CD, An Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology 69 (S-1 713.
52. Basu, P. et al. 2008. Angiogenic potential of 3-nitro-4-hydroxy benzene arsonic acid (roxarsone). Environ. Health Perspect. 116 : 520 523.
53. World Health Organization. 2002. Impacts of Antimicrobial Growth Promoter Termination in Denmark. Foulum, Denmark : WHO.
54. Hileman, B. 2007. Chemical & Engineering News: Government & Policy - Arsenic in Chicken Production. Chem. Eng. News [cited 29 January 2008]; Available from : http://pubs.acs.org/cen/government/85/8515gov2.html.
55. Hollenbeck, T. 2006. Spreaders testify as trial continues. Northwest Arkansas Times, Fayetteville, Arkansas, September 8, 2006.
56. Pelton, T. 2007. Arsenic's use in chicken feed troubles health advocates. Baltimore Sun. Baltimore, Maryland, March 10, 2007, Page 1A, Telegraph Section.
57. McDonald's Corporation. 2003. Global Policy on Antibiotic Use in Food Animals. [cited 29 January 2008]; Available from : http://www.mcdonalds.com/ corp/values/purchasing/antibiotics/global_policy.html.
58. Bon Appetit Management Company. 2006. Bon Appetit Management Company | Our Responsibility. [cited 29 January 2008]; Available from : http://www.bamco.com/website/commit_ar.html.
59. Alpharma. Technical Bulletin: 3-Nitro® vs Arsanilic Acid. 1999 [cited 2008 August 27]; Available from : http://www.alpharma.com/newahd/pages/getfile. aspx?m=view&id=\\Pdf\Techbullpdf\techb2_v1.0.pdf.
60. Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21-Food and Drugs: Chapter I-Food and Drug Administration, Department of Health and Human Services (Continued): Part 556_Tolerances for Residues of New Animal Drugs in Food-Subpart B: Table of Specific Tolerances for Residues of New Animal Drugs. 2007 April 1, 2007 [cited 4 December 2007]; Available from : http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/get- cfr.cgi.
61. United States Department of Agriculture. Domestic Sampling Results - Scheduled Sampling - Exposure Assessments (Condensed and Reformatted Results). 2007 [cited 4 December 2007]; Available from : http://www.fsis.usda.gov/PDF/ 2005_Red_Book_Domestic_Results.pdf.