An Experience Sampling Study of Emotional Reactions to Music: Listener, Music, and Situation

Emotion

Volumn 8, Issue 5, 2008, Pages 668-683

  Juslin, Patrik N ^a   Liljeström, Simon ^a   Västfjäll, Daniel ^a   Barradas, Gonçalo ^a   Silva, Ana ^a  

^a UPPSALA UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

emotion; everyday life; experience sampling method; music listening; personality

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ANGER; ARTICLE; COLLEGE STUDENT; DAILY LIFE ACTIVITY; DATA ANALYSIS; EMOTIONALITY; EXPERIENCE; FEMALE; HAPPINESS; HUMAN; MALE; MENTAL IRRITATION; MUSIC; PERSONALITY; PREVALENCE; QUESTIONNAIRE; SAMPLING; SOUND INTENSITY;

ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING; ADULT; COMPUTERS, HANDHELD; EMOTIONS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MUSIC; QUESTIONNAIRES; SET (PSYCHOLOGY); SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 54849407751     PISSN: 15283542     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0013505     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. Barrett L.F., and Barrett D.J. An introduction to computerized experience sampling in psychology. Social Science Computer Review 19 (2001) 175-185
2. Becker J. Deep listeners: Music, emotion, and trancing (2004), Indiana University Press, Bloomington, IN
3. Beedie C.J., Terry P.C., and Lane A.M. Distinctions between emotion and mood. Cognition & Emotion 19 (2005) 847-878
4. Behne K.E. The development of "musikerleben" in adolescence: How and why young people listen to music. In: Deliége I., and Sloboda J.A. (Eds). Perception and cognition of music (1997), Psychology Press, Hove, UK 143-159
5. Bergman H. NEO-PI-R: Manual - Svensk version [NEO-PI-R: Manual - Swedish version] (2003), Psykologiförlaget, Stockholm
6. Bickel R. Multilevel analysis for applied research. It's just regression! (2007), Guilford Press, New York
7. Blood A.J., and Zatorre R.J. Intensely pleasurable responses to music correlate with activity in brain regions implicated in reward and emotion. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 98 (2001) 11818-11823
8. Bolger N., Davis A., and Rafaeli E. Diary methods: Capturing life as it is lived. Annual Review of Psychology 54 (2003) 579-616
9. Brandstätter H., and Eliasz A. Persons, situations, and emotions: An ecological approach (2001), Oxford University Press, New York
10. Brunswik E. Perception and the representative design of experiments (1956), University of California Press, Berkeley, CA
11. Clark D.M. On the induction of depressed mood in the laboratory: Evaluation and comparison of the Velten and musical procedures. Advances in Behavior Research and Therapy 5 (1983) 27-49
12. Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. 2nd ed. (1988), Academic Press, New York
13. Conner Christensen T., Barrett L.F., Bliss-Moreau E., Lebo K., and Kaschub C. A practical guide to experience-sampling procedures. Journal of Happiness Studies 4 (2003) 53-78
14. Costa Jr. P.T., and McCrae R.R. Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R) and NEO Five-factor Inventory (NEO-FFI): Professional manual (1992), Psychological Assessment Resources, Odessa, FL
15. Davidson R.J., Scherer K.R., and Goldsmith H.H. Handbook of affective sciences (2003), Oxford University Press, New York
16. DeNora T. Music in everyday life (2000), Cambridge University Press, New York
17. Diener E., and Diener C. Most people are happy. Psychological Science 7 (1996) 181-185
18. Fahrenberg J., and Myrtek M. Ambulatory assessment: Computer-assisted psychological and psychophysiological methods in monitoring and field studies (1996), Hogrefe, Seattle
19. Fried R., and Berkowitz L. Music that charms... and can influence helpfulness. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 9 (1979) 199-208
20. Furnham A., and Bradley A. Music while you work: The differential distraction of background music on the cognitive test performance of introverts and extraverts. Applied Cognitive Psychology 11 (1997) 445-455
21. Gabrielsson A. Emotions in strong experiences with music. In: Juslin P.N., and Sloboda J.A. (Eds). Music and emotion: Theory and research (2001), Oxford University Press, New York 431-449
22. Gomez P., and Danuser B. Relationships between musical structure and psychophysiological measures of emotion. Emotion 7 (2007) 377-387
23. Griffiths P.E. What emotions really are: The problem of psychological categories (1997), University of Chicago Press, Chicago
24. Iwanaga M., and Moroki Y. Subjective and physiological responses to music stimuli controlled over activity and preference. Journal of Music Therapy 36 (1999) 26-38
25. Izard C.E. Human emotions (1977), Plenum Press, New York
26. Izard C.E. Basic emotions, natural kinds, emotion schemas, and a new paradigm. Perspectives on Psychological Science 2 (2007) 260-280
27. Janata P., Tomic S.T., and Rakowski S.K. Characterization of music-evoked autobiographical memories. Memory 15 (2007) 845-860
28. Juslin, P. N. (in press). Emotional responses to music. In S. Hallam, I. Cross, & M. Thaut (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of music psychology. New York: Oxford University Press.
29. Juslin P.N., and Laukka P. Expression, perception, and induction of musical emotions: A review and a questionnaire study of everyday listening. Journal of New Music Research 33 (2004) 217-238
30. Juslin, P. N., Laukka, P., Liljeström, S., Västfjäll, D., & Lundqvist, L-O. (2008). A representative survey study of emotional reactions to music. Manuscript submitted for publication.
31. Juslin, P. N., & Liljeström, S. (in press). How does music evoke emotions? Exploring the underlying mechanisms. In P. N. Juslin & J. A. Sloboda (Eds.), Handbook of music and emotion: Theory, research, applications. New York: Oxford University Press.
32. Juslin P.N., and Scherer K.R. Vocal expression of affect. In: Harrigan J.A., Rosenthal R., and Scherer K.R. (Eds). The new handbook of methods in nonverbal behavior research (2005), Oxford University Press, New York 65-135
33. Juslin P.N., and Sloboda J.A. Music and emotion: Theory and research (2001), Oxford University Press, New York
34. Juslin, P. N., & Västfjäll, D. (in press). Emotional responses to music: The need to consider underlying mechanisms. Behavioral and Brain Sciences
35. Kemp A.E. The musical temperament. Psychology and personality of musicians (1996), Oxford University Press, Oxford
36. Kivy P. Music alone: Philosophical reflections on the purely musical experience (1990), Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY
37. Knobloch S., and Zillmann D. Mood management via the digital jukebox. Journal of Communication 52 (2002) 351-366
38. Krumhansl C.L. An exploratory study of musical emotions and psychophysiology. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology 51 (1997) 336-352
39. Larson R., and Delespaul P. Analyzing experience sampling data: A guidebook for the perplexed. In: de Vries M.W. (Ed). The experience of psychopathology: Investigating mental disorders in their natural settings (1992), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK 58-78
40. Lehmann A.C. Affective responses to everyday life and music listening. Psychology of Music 25 (1997) 84-90
41. Levenson R.W. Autonomic specificity and emotion. In: Davidson R.J., Scherer K.R., and Goldsmith H.H. (Eds). Handbook of affective sciences (2003), Oxford University Press, New York 212-224
42. Lundqvist, L.-O., Carlsson, F., Hilmersson, P., & Juslin, P. N. (in press). Emotional responses to music: Experience, expression, and physiology. Psychology of Music
43. Mehl M.R., Pennebaker J.W., Crow D.M., Dabbs J., and Price J.H. The electronically activated recorder (EAR): A device for sampling naturalistic daily activities and conversations. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers 33 (2001) 517-523
44. Myrtek M., and Brügner G. Perception of emotions in everyday life: Studies with patients and normals. Biological Psychology 42 (1996) 147-164
45. North A.C., and Hargreaves D.J. Experimental aesthetics and everyday music listening. In: Hargreaves D.J., and North A.C. (Eds). The social psychology of music (1997), Oxford University Press, Oxford 84-103
46. North A.C., Hargreaves D.J., and Hargreaves J.J. Uses of music in everyday life. Music Perception 22 (2004) 41-47
47. Oatley K., Keltner D., and Jenkins J.M. Understanding emotions. 2nd ed. (2006), Blackwell Publishing, Oxford
48. Orne M.T. On the social psychology of the psychological experiment with particular reference to demand characteristics and their implications. American Psychologist 17 (1962) 776-783
49. Plutchik R. The psychology and biology of emotion (1994), Harper-Collins College Publishers, New York
50. Ready R.E., Weinberger M.I., and Jones K.M. How happy have you felt lately? Two diary studies of emotion recall in older and younger adults. Cognition & Emotion 21 (2007) 728-757
51. Reis H.T., and Gable S.L. Event-sampling and other methods for studying everyday experience. In: Reis H.T., and Judd C.M. (Eds). Handbook of research methods in social and personality psychology (2000), Cambridge University Press, New York 190-222
52. Russell J.A. A circumplex model of affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 39 (1980) 1161-1178
53. Russell J.A., and Barrett L.F. Core affect, prototypical emotional episodes, and other things called emotion: Dissecting the elephant. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 76 (1999) 805-819
54. Rusting C.L., and Larsen R.J. Extraversion, neuroticism, and susceptibility to positive and negative affect. Personality and Individual Differences 22 (1997) 607-612
55. Saarikallio S. Music as mood regulation in adolescence (2007) Doctoral dissertation, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
56. Scherer K.R. Appraisal theories. In: Dalgleish T., and Power M. (Eds). Handbook of cognition and emotion (1999), Wiley, Chichester, UK 637-663
57. Scherer K.R. Why music does not produce basic emotions: A plea for a new approach to measuring emotional effects of music. In: Bresin R. (Ed). Proceedings of the Stockholm Music Acoustics Conference 2003 (2003), Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 25-28
58. Sloboda J.A. Empirical studies of emotional response to music. In: Riess-Jones M., and Holleran S. (Eds). Cognitive bases of musical communication (1992), American Psychological Association, Washington, DC 33-46
59. Sloboda J.A., and O'Neill S.A. Emotions in everyday listening to music. In: Juslin P.N., and Sloboda J.A. (Eds). Music and emotion: Theory and research (2001), Oxford University Press, New York 415-430
60. Sloboda J.A., O'Neill S.A., and Ivaldi A. Functions of music in everyday life: An exploratory study using the Experience Sampling Method. Musicae Scientiae 5 (2001) 9-32
61. Thompson R.L., and Larson R. Social context and the subjective experience of different types of rock music. Journal of Youth and Adolescence 24 (1995) 731-744
62. Watson D., and Clark L.A. On traits and temperament: General and specific factors of emotional experience and their relation to the five-factor model. Journal of Personality 60 (1992) 441-476
63. Wells A., and Hakanen E.A. The emotional uses of popular music by adolescents. Journalism Quarterly 68 (1991) 445-454
64. Wheeler B. Relationship of personal characteristics to mood and enjoyment after hearing live and recorded music and to musical taste. Psychology of Music 13 (1985) 81-92
65. Witvliet C.V.O., and Vrana S.R. Play it again Sam: Repeated exposure to emotionally evocative music polarises liking and smiling responses, and influences other affective reports, facial EMG, and heart rate. Cognition & Emotion 21 (2007) 3-25
66. Zelenski J.M., and Larsen R.J. The distribution of basic emotions in everyday life: A state and trait perspective from experience sampling data. Journal of Research in Personality 34 (2000) 178-197
67. Zhang L.-F. Thinking styles and the big five personality traits revisited. Personality and Individual Differences 40 (2006) 1177-1187