Novel ternary molecular composites prepared by a sol-gel process and their conversion into microcellular foams

Journal of Macromolecular Science - Pure and Applied Chemistry

Volumn 41 A, Issue 9, 2004, Pages 981-1000

  Sun, Hongliu ^a   Mark, James E ^a   Venkatasubramanian, Narayanan ^b   Houtz, Marlene D ^b   Tan, Seng C ^c   Arnold, Fred E ^d   Lee, Charles Y C ^e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF DAYTON   (United States)

^c Wright Materials Research Co   (United States)

^d AIR FORCE RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

^e AIR FORCE OFFICE OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH   (United States)

Author keywords

Hybrid networks; Microcellular foams; Molecular composites; Polybenzimidazole; Polymer modification; Polysulfone; Sol gel chemistry

Indexed keywords

CROSSLINKING; FOAMS; FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; INFRARED RADIATION; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; SOL-GELS; THERMOANALYSIS; THERMOGRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS;

HYBRID NETWORKS; MICROCELLULAR FOAMS; MOLECULAR COMPOSITES; POLYBENZIMIDAZOLE; POLYMER MODIFICATION; POLYSULFONE; SOL-GEL CHEMISTRY;

MACROMOLECULES;

EID: 5444233632     PISSN: 10601325     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1081/MA-200026123     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Helminiak, T.E.; Benner, C.L.; Husman, G.E.; Arnold, F.E.; Husman, G.E. Aromatic Heterocyclic Polymer Alloys and Products Produced Therefrom. US Patent 4,207,407, 1980.
2. Wang, C.S.; Goldfarb, I.J.; Helminiak, T.E. Processing of bulk (p-phenylene benzo-bisthiazole)/nylon-6,6 molecular composites. Polymer 1988, 29 (5), 825.
3. Takayanagi, M.; Ogata, T.; Morikawa, M.; Kai, T.J. Polymer composites of rigid and flexible molecules: system of wholly aromatic and aliphatic polyamides. J. Macromol. Sci. Phys. 1980, B77 (4), 591.
4. Takayanagi, M.; Goto, K. Polymer composite of rigid and flexible molecules: blend systems of poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) and ABS resin. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1984, 29 (8), 2547.
5. Schaefer, D.W.; Mark, J.E.; Eds. Polymer Based Molecular Composites. Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Pittsburgh, PA, 1990; Vol. 171.
6. Pawlikowski, G.T.; Dutta, D.; Weiss, R.A. Molecular composites and self-reinforced liquid-crystalline polymer blends. Ann. Rev. Mater. Sci. 1991, 21, 159.
7. Arnold, F.E., Jr.; Arnold, F.E. Rigid-rod polymers and molecular composites. In Advances in Polymer Science; Hergenrother, P.M., Ed.; Spring-Verlag: Berlin, Heidelberg, 1994; 117, 258.
8. Salamone, J.C.; Ed. Polymeric Materials Encyclopedia; CRC Press: Boca, FL, 1996; 4435.
9. Schartel, B.; Wendorff, J.H. Molecular composites for molecular reinforcement: a promising concept between success and failure. Polym. Eng. Sci. 1999, 39, 128.
10. Komarova, L.G.; Rusanov, A.L. Rigid-rod poly(benzobisazoles) and molecular composites based on them. Russian Chem. Rev. 2001, 70 (1), 81.
11. Viswanathan, S.; Dadmun, M.D. Guidelines to creating a true molecular composite: inducing miscibility in blends by optimizing intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Macromolecules 2002, 35 (13), 5049.
12. Paul, D.R.; Barlow, J.W.; Keskkula, H. Polymer blends. In Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering; Mark, H.F., et al., Eds.; Wiley: New York, 1985; Vol. 13, 399.
13. Eisenbach, C.D.; Fischer, K.; Hofmann, J.; MacKnight, W.J. Molecular reinforcement and compatibility in rod/coil polymer blends. Macromol. Symp. 1995, 100, 105.
14. Eisenbach, C.D.; Hofmann, J.; Fischer, K. Blends of rigid-rod and flexible macromolecules. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 1994, 15, 117.
15. Hwang, W.F.; Wiff, D.R.; Verchoore, C. Solution processing and properties of molecular composite fibers and films. Polym. Eng. Sci. 1983, 23 (14), 790.
16. Tan, L.S.; Arnold, F.E.; Chuah, H.H. Rigid-rod molecular composites via ionic interactions. Polymer 1991, 32 (8), 1376.
17. Parker, G.; Hara, M. Melt-processable molecular composites via ion-dipole interactions: poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) anion and poly(vinylpyridine)s. Polymer 1997, 38 (11), 2701.
18. Venkatasubramanian, N.; Dean, D.R.; Dang, T.D.; Price, G.E.; Arnold, F.E. Solvent cast thermoplastic and thermoset rigid-rod molecular composites. Polymer 2000, 41 (9), 3213.
19. Weiss, R.A.; Shao, L.; Lundberg, R.D. Melt-processable polypeptide/ionomer molecular composites. Macromolecules 1992, 25 (23), 6370.
20. Tsou, L.; Sauer, M.; Hara, M. Molecular composites of poly(p-phenylene terephtha-lamide) anion and poly (ethylene oxide): mechanical properties. J. Polym. Sci.: Part B: Polym. Phys. 2000, 38 (10), 1377.
21. Park, G.; Hara, M. Poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide)s (PPTAs) having ionic and nonionic side groups and their blends with poly(4-vinylpyridine). Polymer 1997, 35 (11), 2773.
22. Chuah, H.H.; Kyu, T.; Helminiak, T.E. Phase separation in poly(p-phenylene benzo-bisthiazole)/nylon 66 molecular composite. Polymer 1987, 28 (12), 2130.
23. McGee, R.L.; So, Y.H.; Martin, S.J.; Broomall, C.F.; Jeor, V.St.; Curphy, J.J.; Swedberg, E.J.; Wetters, D.G. Molecular composite films from polybenzoxazole and crosslinked polymer matrixes. J. Polym. Sci. A: Polym. Chem. 1997, 35 (11), 2157.
24. Sun, H.; Venkatsubramanian, N.; Houtz, M.D.; Mark, I.E.; Tan, S.C.; Arnold, F.E.; Lee, C.Y.-C. Molecular composites by incorporation of a rigid-rod polymer into a functionalized high-performance polymer, and their conversion into microcellular foams. Coll. Polym. Sci. 2004, 282, 502.
25. Sun, H.; Venkatasubramanian, N.; Mark, J.E.; Arnold, F.E. Preparation of carboxy-lated polysulfone/polybenzimidazole/siloxane ternary composites through a sol-gel procedure. Polym. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2003, 88, 398.
26. Sun, H.; Venkatsubramanian, N.; Houtz, M.D.; Mark, J.E.; Arnold, F.E. Preparation of microcellular foams animated polysulfone/polybenzimidazole molecular composites. Polym. Prepr. 2003, 44 (1), 1118.
27. Deimede, V.; Voyiaatzis, G.A.; Kallitsis, J.K.; Qingfeng, L,; Bjerrum, N.J. Miscibility behavior of polybenzimidazole/sulfonated polysulfone blends for use in fuel cell applications. Macromolecules 2000, 33 (20), 7609.
28. Hasiotis, C.; Deimede, V.; Kontoyannis, C. New polymer electrolytes based on blends of sulfonated polysulfones with polybenzimidazole. Electrochim. Acta 2001,46 (15), 2401.
29. Goh, S.H.; Lau, W.W.Y.; Lee, C.S. Miscible blends of poly(N-vinyl-2- pyrrolidone) with polysulfone and carboxylated polysulfone. Polym. Bull. 1991, 26 (3), 319.
30. Goh, S.H.; Lau, W.W.Y.; Lee, C.S. Miscibility of poly(4-vinylpyridine) with polysul-fone and carboxylated polysulfone. Polym. Bull. 1992, 29 (5), 521.
31. Goh, S.H.; Lau, W.W.Y.; Lee, C.S. Miscibility of carboxylated polysulfone with poly(ethyl oxazoline). Polym. Commun. 1991, 32 (7), 202.
32. Schottner, G. Hybrid sol-gel-derived polymers: applications of multifunctional materials. Chem. Mater. 2001,13 (10), 3422.
33. Ahmad, Z.; Mark, J.E. Polyimide-ceramic hybrid composites by the sol-gel route. Chem. Mater. 2001, 13 (10), 3320.
34. Sun, H.; Mark, J.E. Preparation, characterization, and mechanical properties of some microcellular polysulfone foams. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2002, 86, 1692.
35. Sun, H.; Sur, G.S.; Mark, J.E. Microcellular foams from polyethersulfone and poly-phenylsulfone: preparation and mechanical properties. Eur. Polym. J. 2002, 38, 2373.
36. Guiver, M.D.; Croteau, S.; Hazlett, J.D.; Kutowy, O. Synthesis and characterization of carboxylated polysulfones. Br. Polym. J. 1990, 23, 29.
37. Tan, S.C.; Bai, Z.; Sun, H.; Mark, J.E.; Arnold, P.E.; Lee, C.Y.-C. Processing of microcellular foams from polybenzobisthiazole/ polyetherketoneketone. Molecular composites. J. Mater. Sci. 2003, 38, 4013.
38. Hoebbel, D.; Nacken, M.; Schmidt, H. On the influence of metal alkoxides on the epoxide ring-opening and condensation reactions of 3- glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysi-lane. J. Sol-Gel Sci. Tech. 2001, 21 (3), 177.
39. Hoebbel, D.; Nacken, M.; Schmidt, H. A NMR study on the hydrolysis, condensation and epoxide ring-opening reaction in sols and gels of the system glycidoxypropyltri-methoxysilane-water-titaniumtetraethoxide. J. Sol-Gel Sci. Tech. 1998, 12 (3), 169.
40. Tamaki, R.; Chujo, Y. Synthesis of polystyrene and silica gel polymer hybrids utilizing ionic interactions. Chem. Mater. 1999, 11, 179.
41. Sur, G.S.; Sun, H.; Lyu, S.G.; Mark, J.E. Synthesis, structure, mechanical properties, and thermal stability of some polysulfone/organoclay nanocomposites. Polymer 2001, 42 (24), 9783.
42. Sun, H. Microcellular Foams from Some High Performance Thermoplastics and their Composites; The University of Cincinnati; 2003; Ph. D. Thesis.