Pedologic and geomorphic impacts of a tornado blowdown event in a mixed pine-hardwood forest

Catena

Volumn 75, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 278-287

  Phillips, Jonathan D ^a   Marion, Daniel A ^a,b   Turkington, Alice V ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY   (United States)

^b USDA FOREST SERVICE   (United States)

Author keywords

Biogeomorphology; Biomechanical effects; Bioturbation; Blowdown; Forest disturbance; Tree uprooting

Indexed keywords

BEDROCK; BIOMECHANICS; BIOTURBATION; CONIFEROUS FOREST; DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE; ENVIRONMENTAL DISTURBANCE; GEOMORPHOLOGY; MIXED FOREST; PEDOLOGY; TORNADO;

ARKANSAS; NORTH AMERICA; OUACHITA NATIONAL FOREST; UNITED STATES;

PINUS ECHINATA;

EID: 54349115134     PISSN: 03418162     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2008.07.004     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Balek C.L. Buried artifacts in stable upland sites and the role of bioturbation: a review. Geoarchaeology 17 (2002) 41-51
2. Beatty S.W., and Stone E.L. The variety of soil microsites created by tree falls. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 16 (1986) 539-548
3. Brooks H.E. Severe Thunderstorm Climatology. U.S. National Severe Storms Laboratory (2003), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Norman, OK. http://www.nssl.noaa.gov/hazard/totalthreat.html URL: http://www.nssl.noaa.gov/hazard/totalthreat.html
4. Brooks H.E. On the relationship of tornado path length and width to intensity. Weather and Forecasting 19 (2004) 310-319
5. Butler D.R. Zoogeomorphology. Animals as geomorphic agents (1995), Cambridge University Press, New York
6. Casper B.B., Schenk H.J., and Jackson R.B. Defining a plant's belowground zone of influence. Ecology 84 (2003) 2313-2321
7. Cremeans D.W., and Kalisz P.J. Distribution and characteristics of windthrow microtopography on the Cumberland Plateau of Kentucky. Soil Science Society of America Journal 52 (1988) 616-621
8. Embleton-Hamann C. Processes responsible for the development of a pit and mound microrelief. Catena 57 (2004) 175-188
9. Gabet E.J., Reichmann O.J., and Seabloom E.W. The effects of bioturbation on soil processes and sediment transport. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 31 (2003) 249-273
10. Graham R.C., and Tice K.R. The pedologic nature of weathered rock. Whole Regolith Pedology. Soil Science Society of America Special Publication 34 (1994) 21-40
11. Greenberg C.H., and McNab W.H. Forest disturbance in hurricane-related downbursts in the Appalachian mountains of North Carolina. Forest Ecology and Management 104 (1998) 179-191
12. Harrington T.B., and Bluhm A.A. Tree regeneration responses to microsite characteristics following a severe tornado in the Georgia Piedmont, USA. Forest Ecology and Management 140 (2001) 265-275
13. Humphreys G.S., and Wilkinson M.T. The soil production function: a brief history and its rediscovery. Geoderma 139 (2007) 73-78
14. Johnson D.L. Soil thickness processes. Catena suppl. 6 (1985) 29-40
15. Johnson D.L. Biomechanical processes and the Gaia paradigm in a unified pedo-geomorphic and pedo-archaeologic framework: dynamic denudation. In: Foss J.E., Timpson M.E., and Morris M.W. (Eds). Proceedings of the First International Conference on Pedo-Archaeology (1993) 93-103 University of Tennessee Agricultural Experiment Station Special Publication 93-03, Knoxville
16. Johnson D.L. Darwin would be proud: bioturbation, dynamic denudation, and the power of theory in science. Geoarchaeology 17 (2002) 7-40
17. Johnson D.L., Domier J., and Johnson D.N. Animating the biodynamics of soil thickness using process vector analysis: a dynamic denudation approach to soil formation. Geomorphology 67 (2005) 23-46
18. Jordan D.W., Lowe D.R., Slatt R.M., and Stone C.G. Scales of geological heterogeneity of Pennsylvanian Jackfork Group, Ouachita Mountains, Arkansas: applications to field development and exploration for deep-water sandstones. American Association of Petroleum Geologists 1991 Annual Guidebook for the Dallas Geological Society field trip 3 (1991), Arkansas Geological Commission, Little Rock 1-20
19. Kabrick J.M., Clayton M.K., McBratney A.B., and McSweeney K. Cradle-knoll patterns and characteristics on drumlins in northeastern Wisconsin. Soil Science Society of America Journal 61 (1997) 595-603
20. Lutz H.J. Geology and soil in relation to forest vegetation. Proceedings, First North American Forest Soils Conference (1958) 75-85 East Lansing, MI
21. Lutz H.J., and Griswold F.S. The influence of tree roots on soil morphology. American Journal of Science 237 (1939) 389-400
22. McFarland J.D. Stratigraphic Summary of Arkansas. Arkansas Geological Commission Information Circular 36 (1998) Little Rock
23. Meyers N.L., and McSweeney K. Influence of treethrow on soil properties in Northern Wisconsin. Soil Science Society of America Journal 59 (1995) 871-876
24. Meysman F.J.R., Middelburg J.J., and Heip C.H.R. Bioturbation: a fresh look at Darwin's last idea. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 21 (2006) 688-695
25. Mueller O.P., and Cline M.G. Effects of mechanical soil barriers and soil wetness on rooting of trees and soil-mixing by blow-down in central New York. Soil Science 88 (1959) 107-111
26. National Weather Service. Public information statement [from National Weather Service Little Rock, AR, station issued at 3:00 PM CST 6 December 2005] (2005). http://www.srh.noaa.gov/lzk/thml/pns112705btxt.htm http://www.srh.noaa.gov/lzk/thml/pns112705btxt.htm. [Date accessed: January 10, 2008]
27. National Weather Service. Public information statement [from National Weather Service Little Rock, AR, station issued at 8:00 PM CST 29 November 2005] (2005). http://www.srh.noaa.gov/lzk/thml/pns112705btxt.htm http://www.srh.noaa.gov/lzk/thml/pns112705btxt.htm. [Date accessed: January 10, 2008]
28. National Weather Service. Online severe weather climatology: Little Rock, AR radar coverage area (2007). http://www.spc.noaa.climo/online/rda/LZK.html http://www.spc.noaa.climo/online/rda/LZK.html. [Date accessed: January 11, 2008]
29. National Weather Service. Severe weather on Nov 27 2005 (damage surveys) (2007). http://www.srh.noaa.gov/lzk/html/surveys112705yr.htm http://www.srh.noaa.gov/lzk/html/surveys112705yr.htm. [Date accessed: January 10, 2008]
30. NCDC (National Cimatic Data Center). Tornado Climatology (2006), U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Service, Asheville, NC. http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/severeweather/tornadoes.html#maps URL: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/severeweather/tornadoes.html#maps
31. Osterkamp W.R., Toy T.J., and Lenart M.T. Development of partial rock veneers by root throw in a subalpine setting. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 31 (2006) 1-14
32. Peterson C.J. Consistent influence of tree diameter and species on damage in nine eastern North America tornado blowdowns. Forest Ecology and Management 250 (2007) 96-106
33. Phillips J.D. Soil system modeling and generation of field hypotheses. Geoderma 145 (2008) 419-425
34. Phillips J.D., and Marion D.A. Pedological memory in forest soil development. Forest Ecology and Management 188 (2004) 363-380
35. Phillips J.D., and Marion D.A. Biomechanical effects, lithological variations, and local pedodiversity in some forest soils of Arkansas. Geoderma 124 (2005) 73-89
36. Phillips J.D., and Marion D.A. The biomechanical effects of trees on soils and regoliths: beyond treethrow. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 96 (2006) 233-247
37. Phillips J.D., Luckow K., Marion D.A., and Adams K.R. Rock fragment distributions and regolith evolution in the Ouachita Mountains. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 30 (2005) 429-442
38. Phillips J.D., Marion D.A., Luckow K., and Adams K.R. Nonequilibrium regolith thickness in the Ouachita Mountains. Journal of Geology 113 (2005) 325-340
39. Phillips J.D., Turkington A.V., and Marion D.A. Weathering and vegetation effects in early stages of soil formation. Catena 72 (2008) 21-28
40. Richter D.D., and Markewitz D. How deep is soil?. BioScience 45 (1995) 600-609
41. Scatena F.N., and Lugo A.E. Geomorphology, disturbance, and the soil and vegetation of two subtropical wet steepland watersheds of Puerto Rico. In: Hupp Osterkamp C.R., Osterkamp W.R., and Howard A.D. (Eds). Biogeomorphology, Terrestrial and Freshwater Systems (1995), Elsevier, Amsterdam 199-214
42. Schaetzl R.J. Effects of treethrow microtopography on the characteristics and genesis of spodosols, Michigan, USA. Catena 17 (1990) 111-126
43. Schaetzl R.J., and Follmer L.R. Longevity of treethrow microtopography: implications for mass wasting. Geomorphology 3 (1990) 113-123
44. Schaetzl R.J., Burns S.F., Johnson D.L., and Small T.W. Tree uprooting - review of impacts on forest ecology. Vegetation 79 (1989) 165-176
45. Schaetzl R.J., Burns S.F., Small T.W., and Johnson D.L. Tree uprooting: review of types and patterns of soil disturbance. Physical Geography 11 (1990) 277-291
46. Scharenbroch B.C., and Bockheim J.G. Pedodiversity in an old-growth northern hardwood forest in the Huron Mountains, upper peninsula, Michigan. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36 (2007) 1106-1117
47. Selby M.J. Hillslope Materials and Processes. 2nd Edition (1980), Oxford University Press, New York
48. Selby M.J. Hillslope Materials and Processes. (2nd ed.) (1993), Oxford University Press, Oxford
49. Small T.W., Schaetzl R.J., and Brixie J.M. Redistribution and mixing of soil gravels by tree uprooting. Professional Geographer 42 (1990) 445-457
50. Stephens E.P. The uprooting of trees-a forest process. Soil Science Society of America Proceedings 20 (1956) 113-116
51. Stone C.G., and Bush W.V. Summary of the geology of the Central and Southern Ouachita Mountains, Arkansas. In: Stone C.G., and Haley B.R. (Eds). A Guidebook To The Geology Of The Central And Southern Ouachita Mountains, Arkansas (1984), Arkansas Geological Commission, Little Rock 65-75/
52. Stone E.L., and Comerford N.B. Plant and animal activity below the solum. Whole Regolith Pedology. Soil Science Society of America Special Publication 34 (1994) 57-74 Madison, WI
53. Stout B.B. Studies of the root systems of deciduous trees. Harvard Black Rock Forest Bulletin 15 (1956) Cambridge, MA, 45 pp
54. Ulanova N.G. The effects of windthrow on forests at different spatial scales: a review. Forest Ecology and Management 135 (2000) 155-167
55. Van Nest J. The good earthworm: how natural processes preserve upland archaic archaeological sites of western Illinois, U.S.A. Geoarchaeology 17 (2002) 53-90
56. Vasenev I.I., and Targul'yan V.O. A model for the development of sod-podzolic soils by windthrow. Eurasian Soil Science 27 (1995) 1-16
57. Veneman P.L.M., Jacke P.V., and Bodine S.M. Soil formation as affected by pit and mound microrelief in Massachusetts, U.S.A. Geoderma. 33 (1984) 89-99
58. Vepraskas M.J., Jongmans A.G., Hoover M.T., and Bouma J. Hydraulic conductivity of saprolite as determined by channels and porous groundmass. Soil Science Society of American Journal 55 (1991) 932-938
59. Wilson B.F. Root growth around barriers. Botanical Gazette 128 (1967) 79-82
60. Zwieniecki M.A., and Newton M. Roots growing in rock fissures: their morphological adaptation. Plant and Soil 172 (1995) 181-187