Life cycle assessment of a floating offshore wind turbine

Renewable Energy

Volumn 34, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 742-747

  Weinzettel, Jan ^a,b   Reenaas, Marte ^c   Solli, Christian ^c   Hertwich, Edgar G ^c  

^a CZECH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE   (Czech Republic)

^b CHARLES UNIVERSITY   (Czech Republic)

^c NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Norway)

Author keywords

Floating wind power plant; LCA; Life cycle assessment; Offshore; Renewable energy; Wind energy

Indexed keywords

ELECTRIC GENERATORS; ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS; ELECTRICITY; ENGINES; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT; FLOATING POWER PLANTS; GAS INDUSTRY; HYDRAULIC MACHINERY; HYDRAULIC MOTORS; LIFE CYCLE; MACHINERY; OFFSHORE OIL WELL PRODUCTION; OFFSHORE POWER PLANTS; POWER PLANTS; RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES; TURBINES; WIND TURBINES;

FLOATING WIND POWER PLANT; LCA; LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT; OFFSHORE; RENEWABLE ENERGY; WIND ENERGY;

WIND POWER;

LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS; POWER PLANT; RENEWABLE RESOURCE; WIND POWER; WIND TURBINE;

EID: 54149111707     PISSN: 09601481     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2008.04.004     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Ecoinvent. National life cycle inventory database Ecoinvent, data v1.3. Available from: (2006), Swiss Centre for Life Cycle Inventories, Dübendorf, CH. www.ecoinvent.ch
2. Jungbluth N., Bauer C., Dones R., and Frischknecht R. Life cycle assessment for emerging technologies: case studies for photovoltaic and wind power. International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 10 (2005) 24-34
3. NREL (National Renewable Energy Laboratory). Available from: http://www.nrel.gov/wind/ [accessed 13.08.07].
4. World Wind Energy Association. Available from: http://www.world-wind-energy.info/ [accessed 13. 08. 07].
5. ISO 14040 Environmental management - life cycle assessment - principles and framework; 2006.
6. ISO 14044 Environmental management - life cycle assessment - requirements and guidelines; 2006.
7. Khan F.I., Hawboldt K., and Iqbal M.T. Life cycle analysis of wind-fuel cell integrated system. Renewable Energy 30 (2005) 155-177
8. 2 life-cycle analyses of wind turbines-review and applications. Renewable Energy 26 (2002) 339-362
9. Schleisner L. Life cycle assessment of a wind farm and related externalities. Renewable Energy 20 (2000) 279-288
10. Elsam. Life cycle assessment of offshore and onshore sited wind farms (2004), Elsam Engineering A/S
11. Wturbines (2005), Vestas Wind Systems A/S
12. Ardente F., Beccali M., Cellura M., and Lo Brano V. Energy performances and life cycle assessment of an Italian wind farm. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 12 (2008) 200-217
13. Lenzen M., and Wachsmann U. Wind turbines in Brazil and Germany: an example of geographical variability in life-cycle assessment. Applied Energy 77 (2004) 119-130
14. Sway company official web page. Available from: http://sway.no [accessed 13. 08. 07].
15. SimaPro. LCA software tool. Version 7.1.0. Available from: (2007), Pre Consultants. www.pre.nl
16. Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University. CML 2 baseline 2000, version 2 03. http://www.leidenuniv.nl/cml/ssp/ accessed CML, [accessed 15.05.05].
17. Pettersen J, Hertwich EG. Critical review: life-cycle inventory procedures for long-term release of metals. Environmental Science and Technology, 42, in press, doi:10.1021/es702170.
18. Nexans company official web page. Available from: http://nexans.com [accessed 4.09.07].
19. Multibrid company official web page. Available from: http://multibrid.de/ [accessed 4. 09. 07].
20. Frischknecht R. ETH-ESU Öko-inventare von Energiesystemen. 3rd ed (1996). http://www.energieforschung.ch [accessed 4. 09. 07]
21. Environmental Product Declaration Large Distribution Transformer 10 MVA (ONAN). ABB T&D S.p.A. Unità operativa Trasformatori di Distribuzione Monselice (Padova) - Italy; 2002. Available online: http://www.abb.com.
22. Eystein Borgen, Personal communication; 2007.
23. Statistics Norway. Norwegian input output table 2000. Available from: http://www.ssb.no/nr_en/input-output.html.
24. Strømman AH. Selected developments and applications of Leontief Models in industrial ecology. Doctoral thesis, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology; 2005. ISBN: 82-471-7265-8. http
25. Environmental product declaration power transformer 250 MVA Registration nr. S-P-00054. ABB Trasmissione & Distribuzione SpA Unità Operativa Trasformatori. 2003. Available online: http://www.abb.com.
26. Azapagic A., and Clift R. Allocation of environmental burdens in multiple-function systems. Journal of Cleaner Production 7 (1999) 101-119
27. Ekvall T. A market based approach to allocation at open-loop recycling. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 29 (2000) 91-109
28. Frischknecht R, Althaus H-J, Doka G, R. D, Hischier R, Hellweg S, et al. Implementation of Life Cycle Impact Assessment Methods. Final report ecoinvent 2000, Swiss Centre for LCI. Duebendorf, Switzerland; 2003.