Stroke with supernumerary phantom limb: Case study, review of literature and pathogenesis

Acta Neuropsychiatrica

Volumn 20, Issue 5, 2008, Pages 256-264

  Srivastava, Abhishek ^a   Taly, Arun B ^a   Gupta, Anupam ^a   Murali, Thyloth ^a   Noone, Mohan L ^a   Thirthahalli, Jagadisha ^a   Gangadhar, B N ^a   Kumar, J Keshav ^a   Jayakumar, P N ^a  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH AND NEUROSCIENCES   (India)

Author keywords

Basal ganglia; Body schema; Hemiparesis; Intracerebral haemorrhage; Stroke; Supernumerary phantom limb

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGNOSIA; ARTICLE; BRAIN REGION; CASE REPORT; CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK; FEMALE; FRONTAL LOBE; HEMATOMA; HEMIPARESIS; HUMAN; MOTOR SYSTEM; NEUROLOGIC DISEASE; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PARIETAL LOBE; PATHOGENESIS; STROKE; SUPERNUMERARY PHANTOM LIMB; TEMPORAL LOBE;

EID: 53849083803     PISSN: 09242708     EISSN: 16015215     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5215.2008.00294.x     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. McGlynn S, Schacter D. Unawareness of deficits in neuropsychological syndromes. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 1989 11 : 43 205.
2. Brian S, Jedyank CP. Disorders of inter-hemispheric transfers (callosal disconnection). Three cases of tumor of the corpus callosum: The strange hand sign. Rev Neurol 1972 126 : 257 266.
3. Critchley M. The parietal lobes. New York : Hafner, 1953 : 243 244.
4. Fredericks J. Phantom limb and phantom limb pain. In : Fredericks J, ed. Handbook of clinical neurology, Vol. 1. Amsterdam : Elsiever, 1985 : 373 393.
5. Melzack R. Phantom limbs and the concept of neuromatrix. Trends Neurosci 1990 13 : 88 92.
6. Bakheit AMO, Roundhill S. Supernumerary phantom limb after stroke. Postgrad Med J 2005 81 : 953 955.
7. Cutting J. Body image disturbances in neuropsychiatry. In : Reynolds E, Trimble M, eds. The bridge between neurology and psychiatry. Edinburgh : Churchill Livingstone, 1989.
8. Head H, Holmes G. Sensory disturbances from cerebral lesions. Brain 1911 34 : 102 254.
9. Appenzeller O, Bicknell J. Effects of nervous system lesions on phantom experience in amputees. Neurology 1969 19 : 141 146.
10. Fredericks H. Occurrence and nature of phantom limb phenomenon following amputation of body parts and following lesions of the central and peripheral nervous system. Psychiatr Neurol Neurochir 1963 66 : 73 97.
11. Canavero S, Bonicalzi V, Castellano G, Perozzo P, Massa-Micon B. Painful supernumerary phantom arm following motor cortex stimulation for central post stroke pain. J Neurosurg 1999 91 : 121 123.
12. Halligan PW, Marshall JC. Supernumerary phantom limb after right hemispheric stroke. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1995 59 : 341 342.
13. Halligan PW, Marshall JC, Wade DT. Three arms: a case study of supernumerary phantom limb after hemispheric stroke. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1993 56 : 159 166.
14. Halligan PW, Cockburn J, Wilson B. The behavioral assessment of visual neglect. Neuropsychol Rehabil 1991 1 : 5 32.
15. Gregson JM, Leathley M, Moore AP, Sharma AK, Smith TL, Watkins CL. Reliability of the Tone Assessment Scale and the Modified Ashworth Scale as clinical tools for assessing post stroke spasticity. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1999 80 : 1013 1016.
16. Folstein M, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. "Mini-mental state" a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res 1975 12 : 189 198.
17. Rao SL, Subbakrishna BK, Gopu-Kumar K. NIMHANS neuropsychological battery: manual, 1st edn. Bangalore : NIMHANS Publication, 2004.
18. Pinaes H. Ein Fall von phantomahnlichen Erscheinungen ("Phantom arm") bei hemiplegischer Lahmung. Nervenarzt 1932 5 : 233 236.
19. Bogaert LV. Sur la pathologie de l'image de soi. Ann Med Psychol 1934 92 : 519 536.
20. Ehrenwald H. Verandeteres Erleben des Korperbildes mit konsekutiver Wahnbildung bei linkseitiger Hemiplegie. Monatsschr Psychiatr Neurol 1930 75 : 89 97.
21. Hecaen H, Ajuriaguearra J, Angelergues R. D'elire centr'e sur un member-fantome chez une h'emiple'gique gauche par l'esion vasculaire avec mosignosie. Evol Psychiatr (Paris) 1952 2 : 273 279.
22. Gilliatt R, Pratt R. Disorders of perception and performance in a case of right sided cerebral thrombosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1962 15 : 264 271.
23. Weistein EA, Kahn RL, Malitz S, Rozanski J. Delusional reduplication of parts of the body. Brain 1954 77 : 45 60.
24. Brock S, Merwarth HR. The illusionary awareness of body parts in cerebral disease. Arch Neurol Psychiatry 1956 77 : 366 370.
25. Hohjoh T, Ohyama H, Watanabe S. Asomatognosia and anosognosia. In : Yamadori S, ed. Neuropsychiatry and image diagnosis, Vol. 2. Tokyo : Asakura Shoin, 1989 : 218 225.
26. Sellal F, Renaseau-Leclerc C, Labrecque R. The man with six arms: an analysis of supernumerary phantom limb after right hemispheric stroke. Rev Neurol 1996 152 : 190 195.
27. Worthington A, Beevers L. Two arms, three hands: a supernumerary phantom phenomenon after right middle cerebral artery stroke. Neurocase 1996 2 : 135 140.
28. Donnet A, Schimtt A, Poncet M, Graziani N, Grisoli F. Hallucinations of supernumerary limbs, left hemineglect and hypersexuality in a case of right capsule-lenticular haematoma. Rev Neurol 1997 153 : 587 590.
29. Mazzoni M, Lucchini C, Meucci G, Vista M, Moretti P, Sartucci F. Replication: supernumerary phantom limb after ischemic stroke. Neurocase 1997 3 : 223 230.
30. Hari R, Hanninen R, Makinen T et al. Three hands: fragmentation of human bodily awareness. Neurosci Lett 1998 24 : 131 134.
31. Miyazawa N, Hayashi M, Komiya K, Akiyama I. Supernumerary phantom limbs associated with left hemispheric stroke: case report and review of literature. Neurosurgery 2004 54 : 228 231.
32. Vuilleumier P, Reverdin A, Landis T. Four legs: illusionary reduplication of the lower limbs after bilateral parietal lobe damage. Arch Neurol 1997 54 : 1543 1547.
33. Canavero S. Dynamic reverberation: a unified mechanism for central and phantom pain. Med Hypotheses 1994 42 : 203 207.
34. Fischer K, Hanspal RS. Phanton pain, anxiety, depression, and their relation in consecutive patients with amputed limbs: case reports. Br Med J 1998 316 : 903 904.
35. Canavero S, Bonicalzi V. Pain after thalamic stroke: right diencephalic predominance and clinical features in 180 patients. Neurology 1998 51 : 927 928.
36. Riddoch G. Phantom limbs and body shape. Brain 1942 64 : 197 222.
37. Levine D, Calvanio R, Rinn W. The pathology of anosognosia for hemiplegia. Neurology 1991 41 : 1770 1781.
38. Damasio A, Damasio H, Chang Chui H. Neglect following damage to frontal lobe or basal ganglia. Neuropsychologia 1980 18 : 123 132.
39. Sperber D, Wilson D. Relevance: communication and cognition. Oxford : Blackwell, 1986.
40. Frith CD, Blakemore SJ, Wolpert DM. Abnormalities in the awareness and control of action. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2000 355 : 1771 1788.
41. Wolpert DM, Kawato M. Multiple paired forward and inverse models for motor control. Neural Netw 1998 11 : 1317 1329.
42. Ramachandran VS, Hirstein W. The perception of phantom limbs. Brain 1998 121 : 1603 1630.
43. Ramachandran VS, Rogers-Ramachandran D, Stewart M. Perceptual correlates of massive cortical reorganization. Science 1992 258 : 1159 1160.
44. Kew JJM, Halligan PW, Marshall JC et al. Abnormal access of axial vibrotactile input to deafferented somatosensory cortex in human upper limb amputees. J Neurophysiol 1997 77 : 2753 2764.
45. Cole JD. Pride and a daily marathon. London : Duckworth, 1991.
46. Jeannerod M. The representing brain-neural correlates of motor integration and imagery. Behav Brain Sci 1994 17 : 187 202.
47. Helmholtz H. Science and culture: popular and philosophical essays. Chicago : Univ of Chicago Press, 1995.
48. Blakemore SJ, Wolpert DM, Frith CD. Central cancellation of self produced tickle sensation. Nat Neurosci 1998 1 : 635 640.
49. Jeannerod M. The cognitive neuroscience of action. Oxford : Blackwell, 1997.
50. McGonigle DJ, Hanninen R, Salenius S, Hari R, Frackowiak SJ, Frith CD. Whose arm is it anyway? An f-MRI case study of supernumerary phantom limb. Brain 2002 125 : 1265 1274.
51. Bentall RP, Slade PD. Reality testing and auditory hallucinations: a signal detection analysis. Br J Clin Psychol 1985 24 : 213 222.
52. Frith CD, Done DJ. Towards a neuropsychology of schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatr 1988 153 : 437 443.
53. Aleman A, Böcker KBE, Hijman R, Kahn RS, de Haan EHF. Hallucinations in schizophrenia: distorted balance between imagery and perception? Schizophr Res 2002 57 : 315 316.
54. Behrendt RP. Underconstrained perception: a theoretical approach to the nature and function of verbal hallucinations. Compr Psychiatry 1998 39 : 236 248.
55. Grossberg S. How hallucinations may arise from brain mechanisms of learning, attention, and volition. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2000 6 : 583 592.
56. Johnson MK, Raye CL. Reality monitoring. Psychol Rev 1981 88 : 67 85.
57. Aleman A, Bocker KBE, Hijman R, de Haan EHF, Kahn RS. Cognitive basis of hallucinations in schizophrenia: role of top-down information processing. Schizophr Res 2003 64 : 175 185.
58. Spengos K, Tsivgoulis G, Papadimitriou GN, Spengos M. Magnetic resonance imaging findings in a case of stroke-related peduncular hallucinosis. Acta Neuropsychiatrica 2006 18 : 230 231.