Breast reconstruction after surgery for breast cancer

New England Journal of Medicine

Volumn 359, Issue 15, 2008, Pages 1590-1601

  Cordeiro, Peter G ^a,b  

^a MEMORIAL SLOAN KETTERING CANCER CENTER   (United States)

^b WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AXILLARY LYMPH NODE; BREAST CANCER; BREAST RECONSTRUCTION; CANCER SURGERY; CARCINOMA IN SITU; CASE REPORT; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; IMPLANT; LYMPH NODE DISSECTION; MASTECTOMY; NEEDLE BIOPSY; PATIENT DECISION MAKING; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW;

EID: 53749108383     PISSN: 00284793     EISSN: 15334406     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMct0802899     Document Type: Article

References (74)

1. Cancer facts & figures 2007. Atlanta: American Cancer Society, 2007. (Accessed September 15, 2008, at http://www.cancer.org/downloads/STT/ CAFF2007PWSecured.pdf.)
2. Barlow WE, Taplin SH, Yoshida CK, Buist DS, Seger D, Brown M. Cost comparison of mastectomy versus breast-conserving therapy for early-stage breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2001;93:447-55.
3. Jakesz R, Samonigg H, Gnant M, et al. Significant increase in breast conservation in 16 years of trials conducted by the Austrian Breast & Colorectal Cancer Study Group. Ann Surg 2003;237:556-64.
4. Nold RJ, Beamer RL, Helmer SD, McBoyle MF. Factors influencing a woman's choice to undergo breast-conserving surgery versus modified radical mastectomy. Am J Surg 2000;180:413-8.
5. Molenaar S, Oort F, Sprangers M, et al. Predictors of patients' choices for breast-conserving therapy or mastectomy: a prospective study. Br J Cancer 2004;90:2123-30.
6. Temple WJ, Russell ML, Parsons LL, et al. Conservation surgery for breast cancer as the preferred choice: a prospective analysis. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:3367-73.
7. Elder EE, Brandberg Y, Björklund T, et al. Quality of life and patient satisfaction in breast cancer patients after immediate breast reconstruction: a prospective study. Breast 2005;14:201-8.
8. Howard MA, Polo K, Pusic AL, et al. Breast cancer local recurrence after mastectomy and TRAM flap reconstruction: incidence and treatment options. Plast Reconstr Surg 2006;117:1381-6.
9. Vandeweyer E, Deraemaecker R, Nogaret JM, Hertens D. Immediate breast reconstruction with implants and adjuvant chemotherapy: a good option? Acta Chir Belg 2003;103:98-101.
10. Murphy RX Jr, Wahhab S, Rovito PF, et al. Impact of immediate reconstruction on the local recurrence of breast cancer after mastectomy. Ann Plast Surg 2003;50:333-8.
11. Vandeweyer E, Hertens D, Nogaret JM, Deraemaecker R. Immediate breast reconstruction with saline-filled implants: no interference with the oncologic outcome? Plast Reconstr Surg 2001;107:1409-12.
12. American Society of Plastic Surgery. 2006 Reconstructive surgery procedures. (Accessed September 15, 2008, at http://www.plasticsurgery.org/ media/statistics/loader.cfm?url=/commonspot/security/getfile.cfm&PageID= 23769.)
13. Idem. 1994 Breast surgery statistics - aesthetic and reconstructive surgery. (Accessed September 15, 2008, at http://www. plasticsurgery.org/media/statistics/1994-Breast-Surgery-Statistics-Aesthetic- And-Reconstructive-Surgery.cfm.)
14. Rowland JH, Desmond KA, Meyerowitz BE, Belin TR, Wyatt GE, Ganz PA. Role of breast reconstructive surgery in physical and emotional outcomes among breast cancer survivors. J Natl Cancer Inst 2000;92:1422-9. [Erratum, J Natl Cancer Inst 2001;93:68.]
15. Parker PA, Youssef A, Walker S, et al. Short-term and long-term psychosocial adjustment and quality of life in women undergoing different surgical procedures for breast cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2007;14:3078-89.
16. Dean C, Chetty U, Forrest AP. Effects of immediate breast reconstruction on psychosocial morbidity after mastectomy. Lancet 1983;1:459-62.
17. Metcalfe KA, Semple JL, Narod SA. Satisfaction with breast reconstruction in women with bilateral prophylactic mastectomy: a descriptive study. Plast Reconstr Surg 2004;114:360-6.
18. Roth RS, Lowery JC, Davis J, Wilkins EG. Quality of life and affective distress in women seeking immediate versus delayed breast reconstruction after mastectomy for breast cancer. Plast Reconstr Surg 2005;116:993-1002.
19. Al-Ghazal SK, Fallowfield L, Blamey RW. Comparison of psychological aspects and patient satisfaction following breast conserving surgery, simple mastectomy and breast reconstruction. Eur J Cancer 2000;36:1938-43.
20. Nano MT, Gill PG, Kollias J, Bochner MA, Malycha P, Winefield HR. Psychological impact and cosmetic outcome of surgical breast cancer strategies. ANZ J Surg 2005;75:940-7.
21. Harcourt DM, Rumsey NJ, Ambler NR, et al. The psychological effect of mastectomy with or without breast reconstruction: a prospective, multicenter study. Plast Reconstr Surg 2003;111:1060-8.
22. Sheehan J, Sherman KA, Lam T, Boyages J. Association of information satisfaction, psychological distress and monitoring coping style with post-decision regret following breast reconstruction. Psychooncology 2007;16:342-51.
23. Lantz PM, Janz NK, Fagerlin A, et al. Satisfaction with surgery outcomes and the decision process in a population-based sample of women with breast cancer. Health Serv Res 2005;40:745-67.
24. Saulis AS, Mustoe TA, Fine NA. A retrospective analysis of patient satisfaction with immediate postmastectomy breast reconstruction: comparison of three common procedures. Plast Reconstr Surg 2007;119:1669-78.
25. Roth RS, Lowery JC, Davis J, Wilkins EG. Psychological factors predict patient satisfaction with postmastectomy breast reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg 2007;119:2008-17.
26. Cordeiro PG, McCarthy CM. A single surgeon's 12-year experience with tissue expander/implant breast reconstruction: I. A prospective analysis of early complications. Plast Reconstr Surg 2006;118:825-31.
27. Idem. A single surgeon's 12-year experience with tissue expander/implant breast reconstruction. II. An analysis of long-term complications, aesthetic outcomes, and patient satisfaction. Plast Reconstr Surg 2006;118:832-9.
28. American Society of Plastic Surgeons. 2007 Reconstructive surgery procedures. (Accessed September 15, 2008, at http://www.plasticsurgery.org/ media/statistics/loader.cfm?url=/commonspot/security/getfile.cfm&PageID= 29436.)
29. Spear SL, Onyewu C. Staged breast reconstruction with saline-filled implants in the irradiated breast: recent trends and therapeutic implications. Plast Reconstr Surg 2000;105:930-42.
30. Evans GR, Schusterman MA, Kroll SS, et al. Reconstruction and the radiated breast: is there a role for implants? Plast Reconstr Surg 1995;96:1111-8.
31. Deapen DM, Bernstein L, Brody GS. Are breast implants anticarcinogenic? A 14-year follow-up of the Los Angeles Study. Plast Reconstr Surg 1997;99:1346-53.
32. Deapen D, Hamilton A, Bernstein L, Brody GS. Breast cancer stage at diagnosis and survival among patients with prior breast implants. Plast Reconstr Surg 2000;105:535-40.
33. Karlson EW, Hankinson SE, Liang MH, et al. Association of silicone breast implants with immunologic abnormalities: a prospective study. Am J Med 1999;106:11-9.
34. Sanchez-Guerrero J, Colditz GA, Karlson EW, Hunter DJ, Speizer FE, Liang MH. Silicone breast implants and the risk of connective-tissue diseases and symptoms. N Engl J Med 1995;332:1666-70.
35. Gaubitz M, Jackisch C, Domschke W, Heindel W, Pfleiderer B. Silicone breast implants: correlation between implant ruptures, magnetic resonance spectroscopically estimated silicone presence in the liver, antibody status and clinical symptoms. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2002;41:129-35.
36. Brown SL, Pennello G, Berg WA, Soo MS, Middleton MS. Silicone gel breast implant rupture, extracapsular silicone, and health status in a population of women. J Rheumatol 2001;28:996-1003.
37. Vega SJ, Bossert RP, Serletti JM. Improving outcomes in bilateral breast reconstruction using autogenous tissue. Ann Plast Surg 2006;56:487-91.
38. Tachi M, Yamada A. Choice of flaps for breast reconstruction. Int J Clin Oncol 2005;10:289-97.
39. Marín-Gutzke M, Sánchez-Olaso A, Fernández-Camacho FJ, Mirelis-Otero E. Anatomic and clinical study of rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flaps based on the superior epigastric system: ipsilateral pedicled TRAM flap as a safe alternative. Ann Plast Surg 2005;54:356-60.
40. Serletti JM. Breast reconstruction with the TRAM flap: pedicled and free. J Surg Oncol 2006;94:532-7.
41. Boyd JB, Taylor GI, Corlett R. The vascular territories of the superior epigastric and the deep inferior epigastric systems. Plast Reconstr Surg 1984;73:1-16.
42. Hultman CS, McCraw J. Breast reconstruction with the autogenous latissimus flap: current indications, technique, and outcomes. Breast Dis 2002;16:65-72.
43. Delay E, Gounot N, Bouillot A, Zlatoff P, Rivoire M. Autologous latissimus breast reconstruction: a 3-year clinical experience with 100 patients. Plast Reconstr Surg 1998;102:1461-78.
44. Haywood RM, Raurell A, Perks AG, Sassoon EM, Logan AM, Phillips J. Autologous free tissue breast reconstruction using the internal mammary perforators as recipient vessels. Br J Plast Surg 2003;56:689-91.
45. Bassiouny MM, Maamoun SI, El-Shazly Sel-D, Youssef OZ. TRAM flap for immediate post mastectomy reconstruction: comparison between pedicled and free transfer. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2005;17:231-8.
46. Garvey PB, Buchel EW, Pockaj BA, et al. DIEP and pedicled TRAM flaps: a comparison of outcomes. Plast Reconstr Surg 2006;117:1711-21.
47. Spiegel AJ, Khan FN. An intraoperative algorithm for use of the SIEA flap for breast reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg 2007;120:1450-9.
48. Holm C, Mayr M, Höfter E, Ninkovic M. The versatility of the SIEA flap: a clinical assessment of the vascular territory of the superficial epigastric inferior artery. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2007;60:946-51.
49. Shaw WW. Superior gluteal free flap breast reconstruction. Clin Plast Surg 1998;25:267-74.
50. Fujino T, Abe O, Enomoto K. Primary reconstruction of the breast by free myocutaneous gluteal flap. Int Adv Surg Oncol 1981;4:127-43.
51. Guerra AB, Soueid N, Metzinger SE, et al. Simultaneous bilateral breast reconstruction with superior gluteal artery perforator (SGAP) flaps. Ann Plast Surg 2004;53:305-10.
52. Allen RJ. The superior gluteal artery perforator flap. Clin Plast Surg 1998;25:293-302.
53. Feller AM, Richter-Heine I, Rudolf KD. The superior gluteal artery perforator flap (S-GAP-Flap). Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir 2002;34:257-61. (In German.)
54. Al-Ghazal SK, Sully L, Fallowfield L, Blamey RW. The psychological impact of immediate rather than delayed breast reconstruction. Eur J Surg Oncol 2000;26:17-9.
55. McCarthy CM, Pusic AL, Sclafani L, et al. Breast cancer recurrence following prosthetic, postmastectomy reconstruction: incidence, detection, and treatment. Plast Reconstr Surg 2008;121:381-8.
56. Meretoja TJ, von Smitten KA, Leidenius MH, Svarvar C, Heikkilä PS, Jahkola TA. Local recurrence of stage 1 and 2 breast cancer after skin-sparing mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction in a 15-year series. Eur J Surg Oncol 2007;33:1142-5.
57. Munhoz AM, Arruda E, Montag E, et al. Immediate skin-sparing mastectomy reconstruction with deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap: technical aspects and outcome. Breast J 2007;13:470-8.
58. Langstein HN, Cheng MH, Singletary SE, et al. Breast cancer recurrence after immediate reconstruction: patterns and significance. Plast Reconstr Surg 2003;111:712-22.
59. Rinker BD, Bowling JT, Vasconez HC. Blood transfusion and risk of metastatic disease or recurrence in patients undergoing immediate TRAM flap breast reconstruction: a clinical study and meta-analysis. Plast Reconstr Surg 2007;119:2001-7.
60. Vaughan A, Dietz JR, Aft R, et al. Scientific Presentation Award: patterns of local breast cancer recurrence after skin-sparing mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction. Am J Surg 2007;194:438-43.
61. Huang CJ, Hou MF, Lin SD, et al. Comparison of local recurrence and distant metastases between breast cancer patients after postmastectomy radiotherapy with and without immediate TRAM flap reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg 2006;118:1079-88.
62. Spear SL, Mardini S, Ganz JC. Resource cost comparison of implant-based breast reconstruction versus TRAM flap breast reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg 2003;112:101-5.
63. Kroll SS, Evans GR, Reece GP, et al. Comparison of resource costs between implant-based and TRAM flap breast reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg 1996;97:364-72.
64. Alderman AK, Wilkins EG, Kim HM, Lowery JC. Complications in postmastectomy breast reconstruction: two-year results of the Michigan Breast Reconstruction Outcome Study. Plast Reconstr Surg 2002;109:2265-74.
65. Ascherman JA, Hanasono MM, Newman MI, Hughes DB. Implant reconstruction in breast cancer patients treated with radiation therapy. Plast Reconstr Surg 2006;117:359-65.
66. Alderman AK, Kuhn LE, Lowery JC, Wilkins EG. Does patient satisfaction with breast reconstruction change over time? Two-year results of the Michigan Breast Reconstruction Outcomes Study. J Am Coll Surg 2007;204:7-12.
67. Blondeel N, Vanderstraeten GG, Monstrey SJ, et al. The donor site morbidity of free DIEP flaps and free TRAM flaps for breast reconstruction. Br J Plast Surg 1997;50:322-30.
68. Blondeel N, Boeckx WD, Vanderstraeten GG, et al. The fate of the oblique abdominal muscles after free TRAM flap surgery. Br J Plast Surg 1997;50:315-21.
69. Nahabedian MY, Momen B. Lower abdominal bulge after deep inferior epigastric perforator flap (DIEP) breast reconstruction. Ann Plast Surg 2005;54:124-9.
70. Suominen S, Asko-Seljavaara S, von Smitten K, Ahovuo J, Sainio P, Alaranta H. Sequelae in the abdominal wall after pedicled or free TRAM flap surgery. Ann Plast Surg 1996;36:629-36.
71. Tran NV, Chang DW, Gupta A, Kroll SS, Robb GL. Comparison of immediate and delayed free TRAM flap breast reconstruction in patients receiving postmastectomy radiation therapy. Plast Reconstr Surg 2001;108:78-82.
72. Cordeiro PG, Pusic AL, Disa JJ, McCormick B, VanZee K. Irradiation after immediate tissue expander/implant breast reconstruction: outcomes, complications, aesthetic results, and satisfaction in 156 patients. Plast Reconstr Surg 2004;113:877-81.
73. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Breast cancer: NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology. (Accessed September 15, 2008, at http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/PDF/breast.pdf.)
74. American Society of Plastic Surgeons. Breast reconstruction. (Accessed September 15, 2008, at http://www.plasticsurgery.org/medical_professionals/ publications/Physician-Counseling-Guides-Breast-Reconstruction.cfm.)