Intercrosses and the U.S. endangered species act: Should hybridized populations be included as westslope cutthroat trout?

Conservation Biology

Volumn 18, Issue 5, 2004, Pages 1203-1213

  Allendorf, Fred W ^a   Leary, Robb F ^a   Hitt, Nathaniel P ^b   Knudsen, Kathy L ^a   Lundquist, Laura L ^a   Spruell, Paul ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA   (United States)

^b VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Admixture; Genomic extinction; Heterosis; Hybridization; Inbreeding depression; Introgression; Outbreeding depression

Indexed keywords

CONSERVATION PLANNING; ENDANGERED SPECIES; GUIDELINE; HYBRID; HYBRIDIZATION; INTROGRESSION; SALMONID;

AMADINA FASCIATA; ONCORHYNCHUS; ONCORHYNCHUS CLARKI; ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS; SALMONIDAE;

EID: 5344280520     PISSN: 08888892     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00305.x     Document Type: Review

References (51)

1. Allendorf, F. W., and R. F. Leary. 1988. Conservation and distribution of genetic variation in a polytypic species: the cutthroat trout. Conservation Biology 2:170-184.
2. Allendorf, F. W., R. F. Leary, P. Spruell, and J. K. Wenburg. 2001. The problems with hybrids: setting conservation guidelines. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 16:613-622.
3. Anonymous. 1999a. Status review for westslope cutthroat trout in the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 1, Portland, Oregon, and Region 6, Denver, Colorado.
4. Anonymous. 1999b. Memorandum of understanding and conservation agreement for westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi) in Montana. Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks, Helena.
5. Anonymous. 2000. Cutthroat trout management: a position paper. Genetic considerations associated with cutthroat trout management. Publication 00-26. Utah Division of Resources, Salt Lake City.
6. Ayala, F.J., and J. R. Powell. 1972. Allozymes as diagnostic characters of sibling species of Drosopbila. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 69:1094-1096.
7. Barton, N. H., and K. S. Gale. 1993. Genetic analysis of hybrid zones. Pages 13-45 in R. G. Harrison, editor. Hybrid zones and the evolutionary process. Oxford University Press, Oxford, United Kingdom.
8. Behnke, R. J. 1992. Native trout of western North America. Monograph 6. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland.
9. Behnke, R. J. 2002. Trout and salmon of North America. Simon and Schuster, New York.
10. Boecklen, W.J., and D. J. Howard. 1997. Genetic analysis of hybrid zones: numbers of markers and power of resolution. Ecology 78:2611-2616.
11. Dobzhansky, T. 1970. Genetics of the evolutionary process. Columbia University Press, New York.
12. Edmands, S., and C. C. Timmerman. 2003. Modeling factors affecting the severity of outbreeding depression. Conservation Biology 17:883-892.
13. Eilstrand, N. C., and K. A. Schierenbeck. 2000. Hybridization as a stimulus for the evolution of invasiveness in plants? Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 97:7043-7050.
14. Epifanio, J., and D. Philipp. 2001. Simulating the extinction of parental lineages from introgressive hybridization: the effects of fitness, initial proportions of parental taxa, and mate choice. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 10:339-354.
15. Forbes, S. H., and F. W Allendorf. 1991a. Associations between mitochondrial and nuclear genotypes in cutthroat trout hybrid swarms. Evolution 45:1332-1349.
16. Forbes, S. H., and F. W. Allendorf. 1991b. Mitochondrial genotypes have no detectable effects on meristic traits in cutthroat trout hybrid swarms. Evolution 45:1350-1359.
17. Gyllensten, U., and A. C. Wilson. 1987. Mitochondrial DNA of salmonids: inter-and intra-specific variability detected with restriction enzymes. Pages 301-317 in N. Ryman and F. Utter, editors. Population genetics and fishery management. University of Washington Press, Seattle.
18. Gyllensten, U., R. F. Leary, F. W. Allendorf, and A. C. Wilson. 1985. Introgression between two cutthroat subspecies with substantial karyotypic, nuclear, and mitochondrial genomic divergence. Genetics 111:905-915.
19. Hanzel, D.A. 1960. The distribution of the cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki) in Montana. Proceedings of the Montana Academy of Sciences 19:32-71.
20. Hitt, N. P, C. A. Frisseil, C. C. Muhlfeld, and F. W. Allendorf. 2003. Spread of hybridization between native westslope cutthroat trout, Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi, and normative rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 60:1440-1451.
21. Ingvarsson, P. K. 2001. Restoration of genetic variation lost: the genetic rescue hypothesis. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 16:62-63.
22. Ingvarsson, P. K., and M. C. Whitlock. 2000. Heterosis increases the effective migration rate. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B 267:1321-1326.
23. Konkle, B. R., and D. P. Philipp. 1992. Asymmetric hybridization between two species of sunfishes (Lepomis: Centrarchidae). Molecular Ecology 1:215-222.
24. Land, E. D., and R. C. Lacy. 2000. Introgression level achieved through Florida panther genetic restoration. Endangered Species Update 17:100-105.
25. Leary, R. F., F. W. Allendorf, S. R. Phelps, and K. L. Knudsen. 1984. Introgression between westslope cutthroat and rainbow trout in the Clark Fork River drainage, Montana. Proceedings of the Montana Academy of Sciences 43:1-18.
26. Leary, R. F., F. W. Allendorf, S. R. Phelps, and K. L. Knudsen. 1988. Population genetic structure of westslope cutthroat trout: genetic variation within and among populations. Proceedings of the Montana Academy of Sciences 48:57-70.
27. Leary, R. F., F. W. Allendorf, and G. K. Sage. 1995. Hybridization and introgression between introduced and native fish. American Fisheries Society Symposium 15:91-101.
28. Leary, R. F., W. R. Gould, and G. K. Sage. 1996. Success of basibranchial teeth in indicating pure populations of rainbow trout and failure to indicate pure populations of westslope cutthroat trout. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 16:210-213.
29. Liknes, G. A., and P. J. Graham. 1988. Westslope cutthroat trout in Montana: life history, status, and management. American Fisheries Society Symposium 4:53-60.
30. Madsen, D. H. 1936. Protection of native fishes in the national parks. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 66:395-397.
31. Marnell, L. F., R. J. Behnke, and F. W. Allendorf. 1987. Genetic identification of cutthroat trout, Salmo clarki, in Glacier National Park, Montana. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 44:1830-1839.
32. Morgan, M. T. 2002. Genome-wide deleterious mutation favors dispersal and species integrity. Heredity 89:253-257.
33. Novinger, D. C., and F. J. Rahel. 2003. Isolation management with artificial barriers as a conservation strategy for cutthroat trout in headwater streams. Conservation Biology 17:772-781.
34. O'Brien, S. J., and E. Mayr. 1991. Bureaucratic mischief: recognizing endangered species and subspecies. Science 251:1187-1188.
35. Rieman, B., and J. Clayton. 1997. Wildlife and native fish: issues of forest health and conservation of sensitive species. Fisheries 22:6-15.
36. Rhymer, J. M., and D. Simberloff. 1996. Extinction by hybridization and introgression. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 27:83-109.
37. Rhymer, J. M., M. J. Williams, and M. J. Braun. 1994. Mitochondrial analysis of gene flow between New Zealand mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and grey ducks (A. superciliosa). Auk 111:970-978.
38. Rubidge, E., P. Corbett, and E. B. Taylor. 2001. A molecular analysis of hybridization between native westslope cutthroat trout and introduced rainbow trout in southeastern British Columbia, Canada. Journal of Fish Biology 59(supplement a):42-54.
39. Sage, G. K. 1993. Population genetic analysis of westslope cutthroat trout in the Bob Marshall Wilderness. M.A. thesis. University of Montana, Missoula.
40. Sage, R. D., D. Heyneman, K-C. Lim, and A. C. Wilson. 1986. Wormy mice in a hybrid zone. Nature 324:60-63.
41. Shepard, B. B., B. Sanborn, L. Ulmer, and D. C. Lee. 1997. Status and risk of extinction for westslope cutthroat trout in the upper Missouri River basin, Montana. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 17:1158-1172.
42. Taylor, E. B., M. D Stamford, and J. S. Baxter. 2003. Population subdivision in westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi) at the northern periphery of its range: evolutionary inferences and conservation implications. Molecular Ecology 12:2609-2622.
43. Templeton, A. R., C. F. Sing, and B. Brokaw. 1976. The unit of selection in Drosophila mercatorum. I. The interaction of selection and meiosis in parthenogenetic strains. Genetics 82:349-376.
44. Thurow, R. F., D. C. Lee, and B. E. Rieman. 1997. Distribution and status of seven native salmonids in the interior Columbia River Basin and portions of the Klamath River and Great Basins. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 17:1094-1110.
45. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 1996. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants; proposed policy and proposed rule on the treatment of intercrosses and intercross progeny (the issue of "hybridization"); request for public comment. Federal Register 61(26):4710-4713.
46. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2002. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants: notice of intent to prepare a status review for the westslope cutthroat trout. Federal Register 67(170):56257-56259.
47. Utter, F. M., F. W. Allendorf, and H. O. Hodgins. 1973. Genetic variability and relationships in Pacific salmon and related trout based on protein variations. Systematic Zoology 22:257-270.
48. Waples, R. S. 1995. Evolutionary significant units and the conservation of biological diversity under the Endangered Species Act. American Fisheries Society Symposium 17:8-27.
49. Weigel, D. E., J. T. Peterson, and P. Spruell. 2002. A model using phenotypic characteristics to detect introgressive hybridization in wild westslope cutthroat trout and rainbow trout. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 131:389-403.
50. Weins, J. A. 1977. On competiton and variable environments. American Scientist 65:591-597.
51. Whitlock, M. C., P. K. Ingvarsson, and T. Hatfield. 2000. Local drift load and the heterosis of interconnected populations. Heredity 84:452-457.