Vote buying and violence in Nigerian election campaigns

Electoral Studies

Volumn 27, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 621-632

  Bratton, Michael ^a  

^a MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Africa; Democracy; Elections; Nigeria; Public opinion; Violence; Vote buying

Indexed keywords

DEMOCRACY; ELECTION; ELECTORAL GEOGRAPHY; ELECTORAL SYSTEM; PARTY POLITICS; POLITICAL VIOLENCE; VOTING BEHAVIOR;

AFRICA; NIGERIA; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; WEST AFRICA;

EID: 53349161165     PISSN: 02613794     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.electstud.2008.04.013     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Acemoglu, and Robinson. The Economic Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy (2006), Cambridge University Press, New York
2. Alliance for Credible Elections and CLEEN, March 2007. Summary Report of National Public Opinion Survey on Preparations for 2007 Elections in Nigeria, mimeo.
3. Banégas R. Marchandisation du vote, cioyenneté et consolidation démocratique au Bénin. Politique Africaine 69 1 (1998) 75-88
4. Bratton M. Formal versus Informal Institutions in Africa. Journal of Democracy 18 3 (July 2007) 96-110
5. Bratton M., and Lewis P. The durability of political goods? Evidence from Nigeria's new democracy. Commonwealth and Comparative Politics 45 1 (February 2007) 1-33
6. Bratton M., Mattes R., and Gyimah-Boadi E. Public Opinion, Democracy and Market Reform in Africa (2005), Cambridge University Press, New York
7. Bratton M., Chu Y.-h., and Lagos M. Who Votes? Implications for New Democracies? (2007). http://www.globalbarometer.net/publication.htm
8. Brusco V., Nazareno M., and Stokes S. Vote buying in Argentina. Latin American Research Review 39 2 (June 2004) 65-88
9. Chabal, P., Daloz, J.-P., 1999. Africa Works: Disorder as Political Instrument. James Currey, Oxford.
10. Downs A. An Economic Theory of Democracy (1957), Harper and Row, New York
11. The Economist, April 21, 2007. How to steal yet another election. 51-52.
12. Hicken A. How do rules and institutions encourage vote buying?. In: Schaffer (Ed). Elections for Sale: the Causes and Consequences of Vote Buying (2007), Lynne Rienner Publishers, Boulder, Colorado 47-60
13. Hirschmann A. Exit, Voice and Loyalty: Responses to Decline in Firms, Organizations, and States (1970), Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts
14. Human Rights Watch. Criminal Politics: Violence, "Godfathers" and Corruption in Nigeria (2007), HRW Report No A1916, October, New York
15. Ibrahim J. Nigeria's 2007 Elections: the Fitful Path to Democratic Citizenship (January 2007), U.S. Institute for Peace, Washington D.C. USIP Special Report No. 182
16. Keefer P. Clientelism, Credibility and Democracy (March 2004), The World Bank, Development Research Group, Washington D.C.
17. In: Kitschelt H., and Wilkinson S. (Eds). Patrons, Clients and Policies: Patterns of Democratic Accountability and Political Competition (2007), Cambridge University Press, New York
18. Krishna, A., September 2005. Do poor people care less for democracy? Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Philadelphia.
19. LeBas A. Polarization as craft: explaining party formation and state violence in Zimbabwe. Comparative Politics 38 4 (July 2006)
20. Lehoucq F. When does a market for votes emerge?. In: Schaffer (Ed). Elections for Sale: the Causes and Consequences of Vote Buying (2007), Lynne Rienner Publishers, Boulder, Colorado 33-45
21. Lindberg S. 'It's our time to chop': do elections in Africa feed Neopatrimonialism rather than counteract it?. Democratization 10 2 (Summer 2003) 121-140
22. Logan C., and Bratton M. The Political Gender Gap in Africa: Similar Attitudes, Different Behaviors. Afrobarometer Working Paper No. 58 (2006). www.afrobarometer.org
23. Mohammed Salih M.A., and Nordlund P. Political Parties in Africa: Challenges for Sustained Multiparty Democracy (2007), International IDEA, Stockholm
24. Mustapha, R., December 2006. Nigeria since 1999: revolving door syndrome or the consolidation of democracy? Paper presented at a Conference on "Africa Since Democratization, University of Oxford.
25. Ramsayer J.M., and Rosenbluth F. Japan's Political Marketplace (1993), Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts
26. Rotberg, R., April 2007. Nigeria: Elections and Continuing Challenges. Council on Foreign Relations Special Report No. 27.
27. Scott J. Weapons of the Weak: Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance (1985), Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut
28. In: Schaffer F. (Ed). Elections for Sale: the Causes and Consequences of Vote Buying (2007), Lynne Rienner Publishers, Boulder, Colorado
29. Schedler A. Elections without democracy: the menu of manipulation. Journal of Democracy 13 2 (April 2002) 36-50
30. Shugart M., and Nielsen D. Constitutional change in Colombia: policy adjustment through institutional change. Comparative Political Studies 32 3 (1999) 313-341
31. Sklar R., Onwudiwe E., and Kew D. Nigeria: completing Obasanjo's legacy. Journal of Democracy 17 3 (July 2006) 100-115
32. Stokes S. Is vote buying undemocratic?. In: Schaffer (Ed). Elections for Sale: the Causes and Consequences of Vote Buying (2007), Lynne Rienner Publishers, Boulder, Colorado 81-99
33. Transition Monitoring Group, 2007. An election programmed to fail. Preliminary Report on the Presidential and National Assembly Elections held on Saturday, April 21, 2007.
34. Vicente P. Is Vote Buying Effective? Evidence from a Randomized Experiment in West Africa (March 2007), Center for the Study of African Economies, Oxford University
35. van de Walle N. Presidentialism and clientelism in Africa's emerging party systems. Journal of Modern African Studies 41 2 (June 2003) 297-319
36. van de Walle N. Meet the new boss, same as the old boss? The evolution of political clientelism in Africa. In: Kitschelt, and Wilkinson (Eds). Patrons, Clients and Policies: Patterns of Democratic Accountability and Political Competition (2007), Cambridge University Press, New York 50-67
37. Wang C.-S., and Kurzman C. The logistics: how to buy votes. In: Schaffer (Ed). Elections for Sale: the Causes and Consequences of Vote Buying (2007), Lynne Rienner Publishers, Boulder, Colorado 61-79
38. Wilkinson S. Votes and Violence: Electoral Competition and Ethnic Riots in India (2004), Cambridge University Press, New York
39. Yadav Y. Understanding the Second Democratic Upsurge: Trends of Bahujan Participation in Electoral Politics in the 1990s. In: Frankel F., Hasa Z., Bhargava R., and Arora B. (Eds). Transforming India: Social and Political Dynamics of Democracy (2000), Oxford University Press, Oxford