메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 24, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 737-765

Neurobehavioral Management of Traumatic Brain Injury in the Critical Care Setting

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMANTADINE; ANTICONVULSIVE AGENT; ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT; BARBITURIC ACID DERIVATIVE; BENZODIAZEPINE DERIVATIVE; BROMOCRIPTINE; CARBAMAZEPINE; CARBIDOPA; CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITOR; CLONIDINE; CORTICOSTEROID; DONEPEZIL; DOPAMINE 2 RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; ETIRACETAM; GALANTAMINE; HALOPERIDOL; HYPNOTIC AGENT; LEVODOPA; METHYLPHENIDATE; NEUROLEPTIC AGENT; OLANZAPINE; OPIATE; PHENYTOIN; PHYSOSTIGMINE; PSYCHOSTIMULANT AGENT; QUETIAPINE; RIVASTIGMINE; SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITOR; UNINDEXED DRUG; VALPROIC ACID;

EID: 53249105425     PISSN: 07490704     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ccc.2008.06.001     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (30)

References (146)
  • 1
    • 0033536483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in hospitalization associated with traumatic brain injury
    • Thurman D., and Guerrero J. Trends in hospitalization associated with traumatic brain injury. JAMA 282 10 (1999) 954-957
    • (1999) JAMA , vol.282 , Issue.10 , pp. 954-957
    • Thurman, D.1    Guerrero, J.2
  • 2
    • 0033402552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Traumatic brain injury in the United States: a public health perspective
    • Thurman D.J., Alverson C., Dunn K.A., et al. Traumatic brain injury in the United States: a public health perspective. J Head Trauma Rehabil 14 6 (1999) 602-615
    • (1999) J Head Trauma Rehabil , vol.14 , Issue.6 , pp. 602-615
    • Thurman, D.J.1    Alverson, C.2    Dunn, K.A.3
  • 3
    • 0030739677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Traumatic brain injury: designing and implementing a population-based follow-up system
    • Brooks C.A., Gabella B., Hoffman R., et al. Traumatic brain injury: designing and implementing a population-based follow-up system. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 78 8 Suppl 4 (1997) S26-S30
    • (1997) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.78 , Issue.8 SUPPL. 4
    • Brooks, C.A.1    Gabella, B.2    Hoffman, R.3
  • 4
    • 0028818310 scopus 로고
    • Neurobehavioral outcome of closed head injury: implications for clinical trials
    • Levin H.S. Neurobehavioral outcome of closed head injury: implications for clinical trials. J Neurotrauma 12 4 (1995) 601-610
    • (1995) J Neurotrauma , vol.12 , Issue.4 , pp. 601-610
    • Levin, H.S.1
  • 5
    • 0025162719 scopus 로고
    • Neurobehavioral outcome 1 year after severe head injury. Experience of the traumatic coma data bank
    • Levin H.S., Gary Jr. H.E., Eisenberg H.M., et al. Neurobehavioral outcome 1 year after severe head injury. Experience of the traumatic coma data bank. J Neurosurg 73 5 (1990) 699-709
    • (1990) J Neurosurg , vol.73 , Issue.5 , pp. 699-709
    • Levin, H.S.1    Gary Jr., H.E.2    Eisenberg, H.M.3
  • 6
    • 0036283644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of injury severity in neurobehavioral outcome 3 months after traumatic brain injury
    • Rapoport M., McCauley S., Levin H., et al. The role of injury severity in neurobehavioral outcome 3 months after traumatic brain injury. Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol 15 2 (2002) 123-132
    • (2002) Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol , vol.15 , Issue.2 , pp. 123-132
    • Rapoport, M.1    McCauley, S.2    Levin, H.3
  • 7
    • 53249144702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marr AL, Coronado VG. Central Nervous System Injury Surveillance Data Submission Standards - 2002. Atlanta, GA, Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, 2002.
    • Marr AL, Coronado VG. Central Nervous System Injury Surveillance Data Submission Standards - 2002. Atlanta, GA, Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, 2002.
  • 8
    • 0021873255 scopus 로고
    • Neurobehavioral outcome after gunshot wounds to the head in adult civilians and children
    • Kaufman H.H., Levin H.S., High Jr. W.M., et al. Neurobehavioral outcome after gunshot wounds to the head in adult civilians and children. Neurosurgery 16 6 (1985) 754-758
    • (1985) Neurosurgery , vol.16 , Issue.6 , pp. 754-758
    • Kaufman, H.H.1    Levin, H.S.2    High Jr., W.M.3
  • 9
    • 0035112476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional status examination: a new instrument for assessing outcome in traumatic brain injury
    • Dikmen S., Machamer J., Miller B., et al. Functional status examination: a new instrument for assessing outcome in traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma 18 2 (2001) 127-140
    • (2001) J Neurotrauma , vol.18 , Issue.2 , pp. 127-140
    • Dikmen, S.1    Machamer, J.2    Miller, B.3
  • 10
    • 0141928662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcome 3 to 5 years after moderate to severe traumatic brain injury
    • Dikmen S.S., Machamer J.E., Powell J.M., et al. Outcome 3 to 5 years after moderate to severe traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 84 10 (2003) 1449-1457
    • (2003) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.84 , Issue.10 , pp. 1449-1457
    • Dikmen, S.S.1    Machamer, J.E.2    Powell, J.M.3
  • 11
    • 0035090763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing traumatic brain injury outcome measures for long-term follow-up of community-based individuals
    • Hall K.M., Bushnik T., Lakisic-Kazazic B., et al. Assessing traumatic brain injury outcome measures for long-term follow-up of community-based individuals. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 82 3 (2001) 367-374
    • (2001) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.82 , Issue.3 , pp. 367-374
    • Hall, K.M.1    Bushnik, T.2    Lakisic-Kazazic, B.3
  • 12
    • 27744513417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Workers' risk of unemployment after traumatic brain injury: a normed comparison
    • Doctor J.N., Castro J., Temkin N.R., et al. Workers' risk of unemployment after traumatic brain injury: a normed comparison. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 11 6 (2005) 747-752
    • (2005) J Int Neuropsychol Soc , vol.11 , Issue.6 , pp. 747-752
    • Doctor, J.N.1    Castro, J.2    Temkin, N.R.3
  • 13
    • 1542298982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The public's misconception about traumatic brain injury: a follow up survey
    • Guilmette T.J., and Paglia M.F. The public's misconception about traumatic brain injury: a follow up survey. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 19 2 (2004) 183-189
    • (2004) Arch Clin Neuropsychol , vol.19 , Issue.2 , pp. 183-189
    • Guilmette, T.J.1    Paglia, M.F.2
  • 14
    • 0035131302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Misconceptions about brain injury among the general public and non-expert health professionals: an exploratory study
    • Swift T.L., and Wilson S.L. Misconceptions about brain injury among the general public and non-expert health professionals: an exploratory study. Brain Inj 15 2 (2001) 149-165
    • (2001) Brain Inj , vol.15 , Issue.2 , pp. 149-165
    • Swift, T.L.1    Wilson, S.L.2
  • 15
    • 18844461771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Atlanta (GA)
    • Marr A.L., and Coronado V.G. Central nervous system injury surveillance data submission standards-2002 (2002), Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Atlanta (GA)
    • (2002) Central nervous system injury surveillance data submission standards-2002
    • Marr, A.L.1    Coronado, V.G.2
  • 16
    • 0037229470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Facial trauma and the risk of intracranial injury in motorcycle riders
    • Kraus J.F., Rice T.M., Peek-Asa C., et al. Facial trauma and the risk of intracranial injury in motorcycle riders. Ann Emerg Med 41 1 (2003) 18-26
    • (2003) Ann Emerg Med , vol.41 , Issue.1 , pp. 18-26
    • Kraus, J.F.1    Rice, T.M.2    Peek-Asa, C.3
  • 17
    • 34247866429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The galasko report implemented: the role of emergency medicine in the management of head injuries
    • Johnston J.J. The galasko report implemented: the role of emergency medicine in the management of head injuries. Eur J Emerg Med 14 3 (2007) 130-133
    • (2007) Eur J Emerg Med , vol.14 , Issue.3 , pp. 130-133
    • Johnston, J.J.1
  • 18
    • 0141532242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A decision rule for identifying children at low risk for brain injuries after blunt head trauma
    • Palchak M.J., Holmes J.F., Vance C.W., et al. A decision rule for identifying children at low risk for brain injuries after blunt head trauma. Ann Emerg Med 42 4 (2003) 492-506
    • (2003) Ann Emerg Med , vol.42 , Issue.4 , pp. 492-506
    • Palchak, M.J.1    Holmes, J.F.2    Vance, C.W.3
  • 19
    • 1442351179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic procedures in mild traumatic brain injury: results of the WHO collaborating centre task force on mild traumatic brain injury
    • Borg J., Holm L., Cassidy J.D., et al. Diagnostic procedures in mild traumatic brain injury: results of the WHO collaborating centre task force on mild traumatic brain injury. J Rehabil Med 36 Suppl 43 (2004 February) 61-75
    • (2004) J Rehabil Med , vol.36 , Issue.SUPPL. 43 , pp. 61-75
    • Borg, J.1    Holm, L.2    Cassidy, J.D.3
  • 20
    • 0016391336 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of coma and impaired consciousness. A practical scale
    • Teasdale G., and Jennett B. Assessment of coma and impaired consciousness. A practical scale. Lancet 2 (1974) 81-84
    • (1974) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 81-84
    • Teasdale, G.1    Jennett, B.2
  • 22
    • 0026490282 scopus 로고
    • Outcome measures for clinical trials involving traumatically brain-injured patients: report of a conference
    • Clifton G.L., Hayes R.L., Levin H.S., et al. Outcome measures for clinical trials involving traumatically brain-injured patients: report of a conference. Neurosurgery 31 5 (1992) 975-978
    • (1992) Neurosurgery , vol.31 , Issue.5 , pp. 975-978
    • Clifton, G.L.1    Hayes, R.L.2    Levin, H.S.3
  • 23
    • 0029096202 scopus 로고
    • Influence of early variables in traumatic brain injury on functional independence measure scores and rehabilitation length of stay and charges
    • Cowen T.D., Meythaler J.M., Devivo M.J., et al. Influence of early variables in traumatic brain injury on functional independence measure scores and rehabilitation length of stay and charges. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 76 9 (1995) 797-803
    • (1995) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.76 , Issue.9 , pp. 797-803
    • Cowen, T.D.1    Meythaler, J.M.2    Devivo, M.J.3
  • 25
    • 0032970260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in mild to moderate head injury: early and late imaging related to outcome
    • van der Naalt J., Hew J.M., van Zomeren A.H., et al. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in mild to moderate head injury: early and late imaging related to outcome. Ann Neurol 46 1 (1999) 70-78
    • (1999) Ann Neurol , vol.46 , Issue.1 , pp. 70-78
    • van der Naalt, J.1    Hew, J.M.2    van Zomeren, A.H.3
  • 26
    • 0018570007 scopus 로고
    • The galveston orientation and amnesia test. A practical scale to assess cognition after head injury
    • Levin H.S., O'Donnell V.M., and Grossman R.G. The galveston orientation and amnesia test. A practical scale to assess cognition after head injury. J Nerv Ment Dis 167 11 (1979) 675-684
    • (1979) J Nerv Ment Dis , vol.167 , Issue.11 , pp. 675-684
    • Levin, H.S.1    O'Donnell, V.M.2    Grossman, R.G.3
  • 28
    • 0035667948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting duration of posttraumatic amnesia (PTA) from early PTA measurements
    • Tate R.L., Perdices M., Pfaff A., et al. Predicting duration of posttraumatic amnesia (PTA) from early PTA measurements. J Head Trauma Rehabil 16 6 (2001) 525-542
    • (2001) J Head Trauma Rehabil , vol.16 , Issue.6 , pp. 525-542
    • Tate, R.L.1    Perdices, M.2    Pfaff, A.3
  • 29
    • 0031782496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effective serial measurement of cognitive orientation in rehabilitation: the orientation log
    • Jackson W.T., Novack T.A., and Dowler R.N. Effective serial measurement of cognitive orientation in rehabilitation: the orientation log. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 79 6 (1998) 718-720
    • (1998) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.79 , Issue.6 , pp. 718-720
    • Jackson, W.T.1    Novack, T.A.2    Dowler, R.N.3
  • 30
    • 0034121802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validity of the orientation log, relative to the galveston orientation and amnesia test
    • Novack T.A., Dowler R.N., Bush B.A., et al. Validity of the orientation log, relative to the galveston orientation and amnesia test. J Head Trauma Rehabil 15 3 (2000) 957-961
    • (2000) J Head Trauma Rehabil , vol.15 , Issue.3 , pp. 957-961
    • Novack, T.A.1    Dowler, R.N.2    Bush, B.A.3
  • 31
    • 34249786887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the O-Log and GOAT as measures of posttraumatic amnesia
    • Frey K.L., Rojas D.C., Anderson C.A., et al. Comparison of the O-Log and GOAT as measures of posttraumatic amnesia. Brain Inj 21 5 (2007) 513-520
    • (2007) Brain Inj , vol.21 , Issue.5 , pp. 513-520
    • Frey, K.L.1    Rojas, D.C.2    Anderson, C.A.3
  • 32
    • 0027182973 scopus 로고
    • Definition of mild traumatic brain injury: report from the mild traumatic brain injury committee of the head injury interdisciplinary special interest group of the American congress of rehabilitation medicine
    • Kay T., Harrington D.E., Adams R.E., et al. Definition of mild traumatic brain injury: report from the mild traumatic brain injury committee of the head injury interdisciplinary special interest group of the American congress of rehabilitation medicine. J Head Trauma Rehabil 8 3 (1993) 86-87
    • (1993) J Head Trauma Rehabil , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 86-87
    • Kay, T.1    Harrington, D.E.2    Adams, R.E.3
  • 33
    • 0002697920 scopus 로고
    • Post-traumatic amnesia in closed head injury
    • Russell W.R., and Smith A. Post-traumatic amnesia in closed head injury. Arch Neurol 5 (1961) 4-17
    • (1961) Arch Neurol , vol.5 , pp. 4-17
    • Russell, W.R.1    Smith, A.2
  • 34
    • 0030885395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Posttraumatic amnesia: its relation to functional outcome
    • Zafonte R.D., Mann N.R., Millis S.R., et al. Posttraumatic amnesia: its relation to functional outcome. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 78 10 (1997) 1103-1106
    • (1997) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.78 , Issue.10 , pp. 1103-1106
    • Zafonte, R.D.1    Mann, N.R.2    Millis, S.R.3
  • 35
    • 0016475167 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of outcome after severe brain damage
    • Jennett B., and Bond M. Assessment of outcome after severe brain damage. Lancet 1 7905 (1975) 480-484
    • (1975) Lancet , vol.1 , Issue.7905 , pp. 480-484
    • Jennett, B.1    Bond, M.2
  • 36
    • 0028359602 scopus 로고
    • Traumatic brain injury. Predicting course of recovery and outcome for patients admitted to rehabilitation
    • Katz D.I., and Alexander M.P. Traumatic brain injury. Predicting course of recovery and outcome for patients admitted to rehabilitation. Arch Neurol 51 7 (1994) 661-670
    • (1994) Arch Neurol , vol.51 , Issue.7 , pp. 661-670
    • Katz, D.I.1    Alexander, M.P.2
  • 37
    • 0029843994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Posttraumatic amnesia as a predictor of outcome after severe closed head injury. Prospective assessment
    • Ellenberg J.H., Levin H.S., and Saydjari C. Posttraumatic amnesia as a predictor of outcome after severe closed head injury. Prospective assessment. Arch Neurol 53 8 (1996) 782-791
    • (1996) Arch Neurol , vol.53 , Issue.8 , pp. 782-791
    • Ellenberg, J.H.1    Levin, H.S.2    Saydjari, C.3
  • 38
    • 0018902742 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive sequelae in relationship to early indices of severity of brain damage after severe blunt head injury
    • Brooks D.N., Aughton M.E., Bond M.R., et al. Cognitive sequelae in relationship to early indices of severity of brain damage after severe blunt head injury. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 43 6 (1980) 529-534
    • (1980) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.43 , Issue.6 , pp. 529-534
    • Brooks, D.N.1    Aughton, M.E.2    Bond, M.R.3
  • 39
    • 0025976781 scopus 로고
    • Stages of recovery during post-traumatic amnesia and subsequent everyday memory deficits
    • Geffen G.M., Encel J.S., and Forrester G.M. Stages of recovery during post-traumatic amnesia and subsequent everyday memory deficits. Neuroreport 2 2 (1991) 105-108
    • (1991) Neuroreport , vol.2 , Issue.2 , pp. 105-108
    • Geffen, G.M.1    Encel, J.S.2    Forrester, G.M.3
  • 40
    • 0028000869 scopus 로고
    • Post-coma disturbance and post-traumatic amnesia as nonlinear predictors of cognitive outcome following severe closed head injury: findings from the westmead head injury project
    • Haslam C., Batchelor J., Fearnside M.R., et al. Post-coma disturbance and post-traumatic amnesia as nonlinear predictors of cognitive outcome following severe closed head injury: findings from the westmead head injury project. Brain Inj 8 6 (1994) 519-528
    • (1994) Brain Inj , vol.8 , Issue.6 , pp. 519-528
    • Haslam, C.1    Batchelor, J.2    Fearnside, M.R.3
  • 41
    • 0036161892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early cognitive status and productivity outcome after traumatic brain injury: findings from the TBI model systems
    • Sherer M., Sander A.M., Nick T.G., et al. Early cognitive status and productivity outcome after traumatic brain injury: findings from the TBI model systems. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 83 2 (2002) 183-192
    • (2002) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.83 , Issue.2 , pp. 183-192
    • Sherer, M.1    Sander, A.M.2    Nick, T.G.3
  • 42
    • 27844602993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reintegration after severe brain injury: a retrospective study
    • Avesani R., Salvi L., Rigoli G., et al. Reintegration after severe brain injury: a retrospective study. Brain Inj 19 11 (2005) 933-939
    • (2005) Brain Inj , vol.19 , Issue.11 , pp. 933-939
    • Avesani, R.1    Salvi, L.2    Rigoli, G.3
  • 43
    • 0034838710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of community integration 2-5 years post-discharge from brain injury rehabilitation
    • Doig E., Fleming J., and Tooth L. Patterns of community integration 2-5 years post-discharge from brain injury rehabilitation. Brain Inj 15 9 (2001) 747-762
    • (2001) Brain Inj , vol.15 , Issue.9 , pp. 747-762
    • Doig, E.1    Fleming, J.2    Tooth, L.3
  • 44
    • 34748851859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anterior and middle cranial fossa in traumatic brain injury: relevant neuroanatomy and neuropathology in the study of neuropsychological outcome
    • Bigler E.D. Anterior and middle cranial fossa in traumatic brain injury: relevant neuroanatomy and neuropathology in the study of neuropsychological outcome. Neuropsychology 21 5 (2007) 515-531
    • (2007) Neuropsychology , vol.21 , Issue.5 , pp. 515-531
    • Bigler, E.D.1
  • 45
    • 0004866314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology
    • Marion D.W. (Ed), Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc., New York
    • Halliday A.L. Pathophysiology. In: Marion D.W. (Ed). Traumatic brain injury (1999), Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc., New York 29-38
    • (1999) Traumatic brain injury , pp. 29-38
    • Halliday, A.L.1
  • 46
    • 0002878638 scopus 로고
    • Neuropathology
    • Silver J.M., Yudofsky S.C., and Hales R.E. (Eds), American Psychiatric Press, Inc., Washington, DC
    • Cassidy J.W. Neuropathology. In: Silver J.M., Yudofsky S.C., and Hales R.E. (Eds). Neuropsychiatry of traumatic brain injury (1994), American Psychiatric Press, Inc., Washington, DC 43-79
    • (1994) Neuropsychiatry of traumatic brain injury , pp. 43-79
    • Cassidy, J.W.1
  • 47
    • 18344398767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic resonance imaging in relation to functional outcome of pediatric closed head injury: a test of the ommaya-gennarelli model
    • Levin H.S., Mendelsohn D., Lilly M.A., et al. Magnetic resonance imaging in relation to functional outcome of pediatric closed head injury: a test of the ommaya-gennarelli model. Neurosurgery 40 3 (1997) 432-440
    • (1997) Neurosurgery , vol.40 , Issue.3 , pp. 432-440
    • Levin, H.S.1    Mendelsohn, D.2    Lilly, M.A.3
  • 48
    • 84909137267 scopus 로고
    • Diffuse degeneration of the cerebral white matter in severe dementia following head injury
    • Strich S.J. Diffuse degeneration of the cerebral white matter in severe dementia following head injury. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 19 3 (1956) 163-185
    • (1956) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.19 , Issue.3 , pp. 163-185
    • Strich, S.J.1
  • 49
    • 38149111093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deformation of the human brain induced by mild angular head acceleration
    • Sabet A.A., Christoforou E., Zatlin B., et al. Deformation of the human brain induced by mild angular head acceleration. J Biomech 41 2 (2008) 307-315
    • (2008) J Biomech , vol.41 , Issue.2 , pp. 307-315
    • Sabet, A.A.1    Christoforou, E.2    Zatlin, B.3
  • 50
    • 0036593006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Traumatic injuries: imaging of head injuries
    • Besenski N. Traumatic injuries: imaging of head injuries. Eur Radiol 12 6 (2002) 1237-1252
    • (2002) Eur Radiol , vol.12 , Issue.6 , pp. 1237-1252
    • Besenski, N.1
  • 51
    • 0028316678 scopus 로고
    • Brain injury patterns in fatally injured pedestrians
    • Ryan G.A., McLean A.J., Vilenius A.T., et al. Brain injury patterns in fatally injured pedestrians. J Trauma 36 4 (1994) 469-476
    • (1994) J Trauma , vol.36 , Issue.4 , pp. 469-476
    • Ryan, G.A.1    McLean, A.J.2    Vilenius, A.T.3
  • 52
    • 0021178791 scopus 로고
    • A study of rotational brain injury
    • Misra J.C., and Chakravarty S. A study of rotational brain injury. J Biomech 17 7 (1984) 459-466
    • (1984) J Biomech , vol.17 , Issue.7 , pp. 459-466
    • Misra, J.C.1    Chakravarty, S.2
  • 53
    • 34247586519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomechanical correlates of mild diffuse brain injury in the rat
    • Fijalkowski R.J., Stemper B.D., Pintar F.A., et al. Biomechanical correlates of mild diffuse brain injury in the rat. Biomed Sci Instrum 43 (2007) 18-23
    • (2007) Biomed Sci Instrum , vol.43 , pp. 18-23
    • Fijalkowski, R.J.1    Stemper, B.D.2    Pintar, F.A.3
  • 54
    • 33745191205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interface parameters of impact-induced mild traumatic brain injury
    • Fijalkowski R.J., Ellingson B.M., Stemper B.D., et al. Interface parameters of impact-induced mild traumatic brain injury. Biomed Sci Instrum 42 (2006) 108-113
    • (2006) Biomed Sci Instrum , vol.42 , pp. 108-113
    • Fijalkowski, R.J.1    Ellingson, B.M.2    Stemper, B.D.3
  • 55
    • 0025148795 scopus 로고
    • Physical model simulations of brain injury in the primate
    • Margulies S.S., Thibault L.E., and Gennarelli T.A. Physical model simulations of brain injury in the primate. J Biomech 23 8 (1990) 823-836
    • (1990) J Biomech , vol.23 , Issue.8 , pp. 823-836
    • Margulies, S.S.1    Thibault, L.E.2    Gennarelli, T.A.3
  • 56
    • 0034795510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current concepts: diffuse axonal injury-associated traumatic brain injury
    • Meythaler J.M., Peduzzi J.D., Eleftheriou E., et al. Current concepts: diffuse axonal injury-associated traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 82 10 (2001) 1461-1471
    • (2001) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.82 , Issue.10 , pp. 1461-1471
    • Meythaler, J.M.1    Peduzzi, J.D.2    Eleftheriou, E.3
  • 57
    • 13844284198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Update of neuropathology and neurological recovery after traumatic brain injury
    • Povlishock J.T., and Katz D.I. Update of neuropathology and neurological recovery after traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 20 1 (2005) 76-94
    • (2005) J Head Trauma Rehabil , vol.20 , Issue.1 , pp. 76-94
    • Povlishock, J.T.1    Katz, D.I.2
  • 58
    • 34848847825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • White matter integrity and cognition in chronic traumatic brain injury: a diffusion tensor imaging study
    • Kraus M.F., Susmaras T., Caughlin B.P., et al. White matter integrity and cognition in chronic traumatic brain injury: a diffusion tensor imaging study. Brain 130 Pt 10 (2007) 2508-2519
    • (2007) Brain , vol.130 , Issue.PART 10 , pp. 2508-2519
    • Kraus, M.F.1    Susmaras, T.2    Caughlin, B.P.3
  • 59
    • 0036891579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blunt versus penetrating violent traumatic brain injury: frequency and factors associated with secondary conditions and complications
    • Black K.L., Hanks R.A., Wood D.L., et al. Blunt versus penetrating violent traumatic brain injury: frequency and factors associated with secondary conditions and complications. J Head Trauma Rehabil 17 6 (2002) 489-496
    • (2002) J Head Trauma Rehabil , vol.17 , Issue.6 , pp. 489-496
    • Black, K.L.1    Hanks, R.A.2    Wood, D.L.3
  • 60
    • 0042532278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurobiology and neuropathology underlie the neuropsychological deficits associated with traumatic brain injury
    • Bigler E.D. Neurobiology and neuropathology underlie the neuropsychological deficits associated with traumatic brain injury. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 18 6 (2003) 595-621
    • (2003) Arch Clin Neuropsychol , vol.18 , Issue.6 , pp. 595-621
    • Bigler, E.D.1
  • 61
    • 33646561844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacotherapy of posttraumatic cognitive impairments
    • Arciniegas D.B., and Silver J.M. Pharmacotherapy of posttraumatic cognitive impairments. Behav Neurol 17 1 (2006) 25-42
    • (2006) Behav Neurol , vol.17 , Issue.1 , pp. 25-42
    • Arciniegas, D.B.1    Silver, J.M.2
  • 62
    • 0033254491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucose and lactate metabolism after severe human head injury: influence of excitatory neurotransmitters and injury type
    • Alessandri B., Doppenberg E., Bullock R., et al. Glucose and lactate metabolism after severe human head injury: influence of excitatory neurotransmitters and injury type. Acta Neurochir Suppl 75 (1999) 21-24
    • (1999) Acta Neurochir Suppl , vol.75 , pp. 21-24
    • Alessandri, B.1    Doppenberg, E.2    Bullock, R.3
  • 63
    • 0034575153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low extracellular (ECF) glucose affects the neurochemical profile in severe head-injured patients
    • Alessandri B., Reinert M., Young H.F., et al. Low extracellular (ECF) glucose affects the neurochemical profile in severe head-injured patients. Acta Neurochir Suppl 76 (2000) 425-430
    • (2000) Acta Neurochir Suppl , vol.76 , pp. 425-430
    • Alessandri, B.1    Reinert, M.2    Young, H.F.3
  • 64
    • 0036377124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactive pathology following traumatic brain injury modifies hippocampal plasticity
    • Phillips L.L., and Reeves T.M. Interactive pathology following traumatic brain injury modifies hippocampal plasticity. Restor Neurol Neurosci 19 3-4 (2001) 213-235
    • (2001) Restor Neurol Neurosci , vol.19 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 213-235
    • Phillips, L.L.1    Reeves, T.M.2
  • 65
    • 0024358651 scopus 로고
    • Involvement of indoleamines in functional disturbances after brain injury
    • Pappius H.M. Involvement of indoleamines in functional disturbances after brain injury. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 13 3-4 (1989) 353-361
    • (1989) Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry , vol.13 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 353-361
    • Pappius, H.M.1
  • 66
    • 0028817578 scopus 로고
    • Synthesis of serotonin in traumatized rat brain
    • Tsuiki K., Takada A., Nagahiro S., et al. Synthesis of serotonin in traumatized rat brain. J Neurochem 64 3 (1995) 1319-1325
    • (1995) J Neurochem , vol.64 , Issue.3 , pp. 1319-1325
    • Tsuiki, K.1    Takada, A.2    Nagahiro, S.3
  • 67
    • 0035032133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sertraline to improve arousal and alertness in severe traumatic brain injury secondary to motor vehicle crashes
    • Meythaler J.M., Depalma L., Devivo M.J., et al. Sertraline to improve arousal and alertness in severe traumatic brain injury secondary to motor vehicle crashes. Brain Inj 15 4 (2001) 321-331
    • (2001) Brain Inj , vol.15 , Issue.4 , pp. 321-331
    • Meythaler, J.M.1    Depalma, L.2    Devivo, M.J.3
  • 68
    • 0036120181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of fluoxetine on the 5-HT1A receptor and recovery of cognitive function after traumatic brain injury in rats
    • Wilson M.S., and Hamm R.J. Effects of fluoxetine on the 5-HT1A receptor and recovery of cognitive function after traumatic brain injury in rats. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 81 5 (2002) 364-372
    • (2002) Am J Phys Med Rehabil , vol.81 , Issue.5 , pp. 364-372
    • Wilson, M.S.1    Hamm, R.J.2
  • 69
    • 33749124754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurotransmitters and motor activity: effects on functional recovery after brain injury
    • Goldstein L.B. Neurotransmitters and motor activity: effects on functional recovery after brain injury. NeuroRx 3 4 (2006) 451-457
    • (2006) NeuroRx , vol.3 , Issue.4 , pp. 451-457
    • Goldstein, L.B.1
  • 70
    • 0038827100 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropharmacology of TBI-induced plasticity
    • Goldstein L.B. Neuropharmacology of TBI-induced plasticity. Brain Inj 17 8 (2003) 685-694
    • (2003) Brain Inj , vol.17 , Issue.8 , pp. 685-694
    • Goldstein, L.B.1
  • 71
    • 0033961763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of amphetamines and small related molecules on recovery after stroke in animals and man
    • Goldstein L.B. Effects of amphetamines and small related molecules on recovery after stroke in animals and man. Neuropharmacology 39 5 (2000) 852-859
    • (2000) Neuropharmacology , vol.39 , Issue.5 , pp. 852-859
    • Goldstein, L.B.1
  • 72
    • 0021926006 scopus 로고
    • Agitation in closed head injury: haloperidol effects on rehabilitation outcome
    • Rao N., Jellinek H.M., and Woolston D.C. Agitation in closed head injury: haloperidol effects on rehabilitation outcome. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 66 1 (1985) 30-34
    • (1985) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.66 , Issue.1 , pp. 30-34
    • Rao, N.1    Jellinek, H.M.2    Woolston, D.C.3
  • 73
    • 0030041128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CSF neurotransmitter metabolites in comatose head injury patients during changes in their clinical state
    • Markianos M., Seretis A., Kotsou A., et al. CSF neurotransmitter metabolites in comatose head injury patients during changes in their clinical state. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 138 1 (1996) 57-59
    • (1996) Acta Neurochir (Wien) , vol.138 , Issue.1 , pp. 57-59
    • Markianos, M.1    Seretis, A.2    Kotsou, A.3
  • 74
    • 0026701232 scopus 로고
    • CSF neurotransmitter metabolites and short-term outcome of patients in coma after head injury
    • Markianos M., Seretis A., Kotsou S., et al. CSF neurotransmitter metabolites and short-term outcome of patients in coma after head injury. Acta Neurol Scand 86 2 (1992) 190-193
    • (1992) Acta Neurol Scand , vol.86 , Issue.2 , pp. 190-193
    • Markianos, M.1    Seretis, A.2    Kotsou, S.3
  • 75
    • 11244276959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive sequelae of head injury: involvement of basal forebrain and associated structures
    • Salmond C.H., Chatfield D.A., Menon D.K., et al. Cognitive sequelae of head injury: involvement of basal forebrain and associated structures. Brain 128 Pt 1 (2005) 189-200
    • (2005) Brain , vol.128 , Issue.PART 1 , pp. 189-200
    • Salmond, C.H.1    Chatfield, D.A.2    Menon, D.K.3
  • 76
    • 0036184132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nucleus basalis of meynert pathology in the human brain after fatal head injury
    • Murdoch I., Nicoll J.A., Graham D.I., et al. Nucleus basalis of meynert pathology in the human brain after fatal head injury. J Neurotrauma 19 2 (2002) 279-284
    • (2002) J Neurotrauma , vol.19 , Issue.2 , pp. 279-284
    • Murdoch, I.1    Nicoll, J.A.2    Graham, D.I.3
  • 77
    • 0029940165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Depletion of choline acetyltransferase activity but preservation of M1 and M2 muscarinic receptor binding sites in temporal cortex following head injury: a preliminary human postmortem study
    • Dewar D., and Graham D.I. Depletion of choline acetyltransferase activity but preservation of M1 and M2 muscarinic receptor binding sites in temporal cortex following head injury: a preliminary human postmortem study. J Neurotrauma 13 4 (1996) 181-187
    • (1996) J Neurotrauma , vol.13 , Issue.4 , pp. 181-187
    • Dewar, D.1    Graham, D.I.2
  • 78
    • 0031978064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cortical cholinergic dysfunction after human head injury
    • Murdoch I., Perry E.K., Court J.A., et al. Cortical cholinergic dysfunction after human head injury. J Neurotrauma 15 5 (1998) 295-305
    • (1998) J Neurotrauma , vol.15 , Issue.5 , pp. 295-305
    • Murdoch, I.1    Perry, E.K.2    Court, J.A.3
  • 79
    • 1242286601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Working memory deficits after traumatic brain injury: catecholaminergic mechanisms and prospects for treatment-a review
    • McAllister T.W., Flashman L.A., Sparling M.B., et al. Working memory deficits after traumatic brain injury: catecholaminergic mechanisms and prospects for treatment-a review. Brain Inj 18 4 (2004) 331-350
    • (2004) Brain Inj , vol.18 , Issue.4 , pp. 331-350
    • McAllister, T.W.1    Flashman, L.A.2    Sparling, M.B.3
  • 80
    • 9944259668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of COMT val108/158 met genotype in executive functioning following TBI
    • Lipsky R.H., Sparling M.B., Ryan L.N., et al. Role of COMT val108/158 met genotype in executive functioning following TBI. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 14 1 (2002) 116
    • (2002) J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci , vol.14 , Issue.1 , pp. 116
    • Lipsky, R.H.1    Sparling, M.B.2    Ryan, L.N.3
  • 81
    • 0642336290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cholinergic hypothesis of cognitive impairment caused by traumatic brain injury
    • Arciniegas D.B. The cholinergic hypothesis of cognitive impairment caused by traumatic brain injury. Curr Psychiatry Rep 5 5 (2003) 391-399
    • (2003) Curr Psychiatry Rep , vol.5 , Issue.5 , pp. 391-399
    • Arciniegas, D.B.1
  • 82
    • 33947671368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the pharmacologic treatment of neurobehavioral sequelae of traumatic brain injury
    • Warden D.L., Gordon B., McAllister T.W., et al. Guidelines for the pharmacologic treatment of neurobehavioral sequelae of traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma 23 10 (2006) 1468-1501
    • (2006) J Neurotrauma , vol.23 , Issue.10 , pp. 1468-1501
    • Warden, D.L.1    Gordon, B.2    McAllister, T.W.3
  • 84
    • 0025741068 scopus 로고
    • Effects of CDP-choline on the recovery of patients with head injury
    • Calatayud M., Calatayud V., and Aso E.J. Effects of CDP-choline on the recovery of patients with head injury. J Neurol Sci 103 Suppl (1991) S15-S18
    • (1991) J Neurol Sci , vol.103 , Issue.SUPPL
    • Calatayud, M.1    Calatayud, V.2    Aso, E.J.3
  • 85
    • 39049180442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidenced-based guidelines for traumatic brain injuries
    • Marion D.W. Evidenced-based guidelines for traumatic brain injuries. Prog Neurol Surg 19 (2006) 171-196
    • (2006) Prog Neurol Surg , vol.19 , pp. 171-196
    • Marion, D.W.1
  • 86
    • 31444436418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rehabilitation needs of an increasing population of patients: traumatic brain injury, polytrauma, and blast-related injuries
    • Lew H.L. Rehabilitation needs of an increasing population of patients: traumatic brain injury, polytrauma, and blast-related injuries. J Rehabil Res Dev 42 4 (2005) xiii-xxvi
    • (2005) J Rehabil Res Dev , vol.42 , Issue.4
    • Lew, H.L.1
  • 87
    • 37349086836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristics and rehabilitation outcomes among patients with blast and other injuries sustained during the global war on terror
    • Sayer N.A., Chiros C.E., Sigford B., et al. Characteristics and rehabilitation outcomes among patients with blast and other injuries sustained during the global war on terror. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 89 1 (2008) 163-170
    • (2008) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.89 , Issue.1 , pp. 163-170
    • Sayer, N.A.1    Chiros, C.E.2    Sigford, B.3
  • 88
    • 0031853935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Findings of mild traumatic brain injury in combat veterans with PTSD and a history of blast concussion
    • Trudeau D.L., Anderson J., Hansen L.M., et al. Findings of mild traumatic brain injury in combat veterans with PTSD and a history of blast concussion. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 10 3 (1998) 308-313
    • (1998) J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci , vol.10 , Issue.3 , pp. 308-313
    • Trudeau, D.L.1    Anderson, J.2    Hansen, L.M.3
  • 89
    • 40049092909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blast injury in a civilian trauma setting is associated with a delay in diagnosis of traumatic brain injury
    • Bochicchio G.V., Lumpkins K., O'Connor J., et al. Blast injury in a civilian trauma setting is associated with a delay in diagnosis of traumatic brain injury. Am Surg 74 3 (2008) 267-270
    • (2008) Am Surg , vol.74 , Issue.3 , pp. 267-270
    • Bochicchio, G.V.1    Lumpkins, K.2    O'Connor, J.3
  • 90
    • 40049111390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The quinary pattern of blast injury
    • Kluger Y., Nimrod A., Biderman P., et al. The quinary pattern of blast injury. Am J Disaster Med 2 1 (2007) 21-25
    • (2007) Am J Disaster Med , vol.2 , Issue.1 , pp. 21-25
    • Kluger, Y.1    Nimrod, A.2    Biderman, P.3
  • 91
    • 33748775183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Military TBI during the Iraq and Afghanistan wars
    • Warden D. Military TBI during the Iraq and Afghanistan wars. J Head Trauma Rehabil 21 5 (2006) 398-402
    • (2006) J Head Trauma Rehabil , vol.21 , Issue.5 , pp. 398-402
    • Warden, D.1
  • 92
    • 0033642564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary blast injury: pathophysiology and implications for treatment. Part III: Injury to the central nervous system and the limbs
    • Guy R.J., Glover M.A., and Cripps N.P. Primary blast injury: pathophysiology and implications for treatment. Part III: Injury to the central nervous system and the limbs. J R Nav Med Serv 86 1 (2000) 27-31
    • (2000) J R Nav Med Serv , vol.86 , Issue.1 , pp. 27-31
    • Guy, R.J.1    Glover, M.A.2    Cripps, N.P.3
  • 93
    • 0030911524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pathology of primary blast overpressure injury
    • Mayorga M.A. The pathology of primary blast overpressure injury. Toxicology 121 1 (1997) 17-28
    • (1997) Toxicology , vol.121 , Issue.1 , pp. 17-28
    • Mayorga, M.A.1
  • 94
    • 33745268246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A correction for primary blast injury criteria
    • Gruss E. A correction for primary blast injury criteria. J Trauma 60 6 (2006) 1284-1289
    • (2006) J Trauma , vol.60 , Issue.6 , pp. 1284-1289
    • Gruss, E.1
  • 95
    • 29544433587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blast trauma: the fourth weapon of mass destruction
    • Born C.T. Blast trauma: the fourth weapon of mass destruction. Scand J Surg 94 4 (2005) 279-285
    • (2005) Scand J Surg , vol.94 , Issue.4 , pp. 279-285
    • Born, C.T.1
  • 96
    • 0023018763 scopus 로고
    • Primary blast injuries
    • Phillips Y.Y. Primary blast injuries. Ann Emerg Med 15 12 (1986) 1446-1450
    • (1986) Ann Emerg Med , vol.15 , Issue.12 , pp. 1446-1450
    • Phillips, Y.Y.1
  • 97
    • 0034944462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive deficits following blast injury-induced neurotrauma: possible involvement of nitric oxide
    • Cernak I., Wang Z., Jiang J., et al. Cognitive deficits following blast injury-induced neurotrauma: possible involvement of nitric oxide. Brain Inj 15 7 (2001) 593-612
    • (2001) Brain Inj , vol.15 , Issue.7 , pp. 593-612
    • Cernak, I.1    Wang, Z.2    Jiang, J.3
  • 98
    • 0035059109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructural and functional characteristics of blast injury-induced neurotrauma
    • Cernak I., Wang Z., Jiang J., et al. Ultrastructural and functional characteristics of blast injury-induced neurotrauma. J Trauma 50 4 (2001) 695-706
    • (2001) J Trauma , vol.50 , Issue.4 , pp. 695-706
    • Cernak, I.1    Wang, Z.2    Jiang, J.3
  • 99
    • 0029914293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of the central nervous system in the general response to pulmonary blast injury
    • Cernak I., Savic J., Malicevic Z., et al. Involvement of the central nervous system in the general response to pulmonary blast injury. J Trauma 40 Suppl 3 (1996) S100-S104
    • (1996) J Trauma , vol.40 , Issue.SUPPL. 3
    • Cernak, I.1    Savic, J.2    Malicevic, Z.3
  • 100
    • 23944462503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Very early increase in nitric oxide formation and oxidative cell damage associated with the reduction of tissue oxygenation is a trait of blast casualties
    • Zunic G., Romic P., Vueljic M., et al. Very early increase in nitric oxide formation and oxidative cell damage associated with the reduction of tissue oxygenation is a trait of blast casualties. Vojnosanit Pregl 62 4 (2005) 273-280
    • (2005) Vojnosanit Pregl , vol.62 , Issue.4 , pp. 273-280
    • Zunic, G.1    Romic, P.2    Vueljic, M.3
  • 101
    • 1542346805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotective role of aminoguanidine in behavioral changes after blast injury
    • Moochhala S.M., Md S., Lu J., et al. Neuroprotective role of aminoguanidine in behavioral changes after blast injury. J Trauma 56 2 (2004) 393-403
    • (2004) J Trauma , vol.56 , Issue.2 , pp. 393-403
    • Moochhala, S.M.1    Md, S.2    Lu, J.3
  • 102
    • 0028784450 scopus 로고
    • The response of neurons and microglia to blast injury in the rat brain
    • Kaur C., Singh J., Lim M.K., et al. The response of neurons and microglia to blast injury in the rat brain. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 21 5 (1995) 369-377
    • (1995) Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol , vol.21 , Issue.5 , pp. 369-377
    • Kaur, C.1    Singh, J.2    Lim, M.K.3
  • 103
    • 0032779198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shock after blast wave injury is caused by a vagally mediated reflex
    • Irwin R.J., Lerner M.R., Bealer J.F., et al. Shock after blast wave injury is caused by a vagally mediated reflex. J Trauma 47 1 (1999) 105-110
    • (1999) J Trauma , vol.47 , Issue.1 , pp. 105-110
    • Irwin, R.J.1    Lerner, M.R.2    Bealer, J.F.3
  • 105
    • 0032425275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiologic responses to primary blast
    • Guy R.J., Kirkman E., Watkins P.E., et al. Physiologic responses to primary blast. J Trauma 45 6 (1998) 983-987
    • (1998) J Trauma , vol.45 , Issue.6 , pp. 983-987
    • Guy, R.J.1    Kirkman, E.2    Watkins, P.E.3
  • 106
    • 0029914237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lesion volume, injury severity, and thalamic integrity following head injury
    • Anderson C.V., Wood D.M., Bigler E.D., et al. Lesion volume, injury severity, and thalamic integrity following head injury. J Neurotrauma 13 2 (1996) 59-65
    • (1996) J Neurotrauma , vol.13 , Issue.2 , pp. 59-65
    • Anderson, C.V.1    Wood, D.M.2    Bigler, E.D.3
  • 107
    • 0028857871 scopus 로고
    • Diencephalic changes in traumatic brain injury: relationship to sensory perceptual function
    • Wood D.M., and Bigler E.D. Diencephalic changes in traumatic brain injury: relationship to sensory perceptual function. Brain Res Bull 38 6 (1995) 545-549
    • (1995) Brain Res Bull , vol.38 , Issue.6 , pp. 545-549
    • Wood, D.M.1    Bigler, E.D.2
  • 109
    • 53249108297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hagen C, Malkmus D, Durham P. Rancho Los Amigos Scale. Communication Disorders Service, Rancho Los Amigos Hospital; 1972.
    • Hagen C, Malkmus D, Durham P. Rancho Los Amigos Scale. Communication Disorders Service, Rancho Los Amigos Hospital; 1972.
  • 110
    • 0023137288 scopus 로고
    • Reliability and validity of the disability rating scale and the levels of cognitive functioning scale in monitoring recovery from severe head injury
    • Gouvier W.D., Blanton P.D., LaPorte K.K., et al. Reliability and validity of the disability rating scale and the levels of cognitive functioning scale in monitoring recovery from severe head injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 68 2 (1987) 94-97
    • (1987) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.68 , Issue.2 , pp. 94-97
    • Gouvier, W.D.1    Blanton, P.D.2    LaPorte, K.K.3
  • 111
    • 16844362682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous EEG monitoring for the detection of seizures in traumatic brain injury, infarction, and intracerebral hemorrhage: "to detect and protect"
    • Vespa P. Continuous EEG monitoring for the detection of seizures in traumatic brain injury, infarction, and intracerebral hemorrhage: "to detect and protect". J Clin Neurophysiol 22 2 (2005) 99-106
    • (2005) J Clin Neurophysiol , vol.22 , Issue.2 , pp. 99-106
    • Vespa, P.1
  • 112
    • 0033016919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous EEG monitoring in the intensive care unit: early findings and clinical efficacy
    • Vespa P.M., Nenov V., and Nuwer M.R. Continuous EEG monitoring in the intensive care unit: early findings and clinical efficacy. J Clin Neurophysiol 16 1 (1999) 1-13
    • (1999) J Clin Neurophysiol , vol.16 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-13
    • Vespa, P.M.1    Nenov, V.2    Nuwer, M.R.3
  • 113
    • 0032880690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pre-injury substance abuse among persons with brain injury and persons with spinal cord injury
    • Kolakowsky-Hayner S.A., Gourley III E.V., Kreutzer J.S., et al. Pre-injury substance abuse among persons with brain injury and persons with spinal cord injury. Brain Inj 13 8 (1999) 571-581
    • (1999) Brain Inj , vol.13 , Issue.8 , pp. 571-581
    • Kolakowsky-Hayner, S.A.1    Gourley III, E.V.2    Kreutzer, J.S.3
  • 114
    • 0142104297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of posttraumatic epilepsy: a critical review
    • Frey L.C. Epidemiology of posttraumatic epilepsy: a critical review. Epilepsia 44 Suppl 10 (2003) 11-17
    • (2003) Epilepsia , vol.44 , Issue.SUPPL. 10 , pp. 11-17
    • Frey, L.C.1
  • 115
    • 84921430243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-epileptic drugs for preventing seizures following acute traumatic brain injury
    • CD000173
    • Schierhout G., and Roberts I. Anti-epileptic drugs for preventing seizures following acute traumatic brain injury. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2 (2000) CD000173
    • (2000) Cochrane Database Syst Rev , Issue.2
    • Schierhout, G.1    Roberts, I.2
  • 116
    • 0026062248 scopus 로고
    • Neurobehavioral effects of phenytoin prophylaxis of posttraumatic seizures
    • Dikmen S.S., Temkin N.R., Miller B., et al. Neurobehavioral effects of phenytoin prophylaxis of posttraumatic seizures. JAMA 265 10 (1991) 1271-1277
    • (1991) JAMA , vol.265 , Issue.10 , pp. 1271-1277
    • Dikmen, S.S.1    Temkin, N.R.2    Miller, B.3
  • 117
    • 0028336933 scopus 로고
    • Neurobehavioral effects of phenytoin and carbamazepine in patients recovering from brain trauma: a comparative study
    • Smith Jr. K.R., Goulding P.M., Wilderman D., et al. Neurobehavioral effects of phenytoin and carbamazepine in patients recovering from brain trauma: a comparative study. Arch Neurol 51 7 (1994) 653-660
    • (1994) Arch Neurol , vol.51 , Issue.7 , pp. 653-660
    • Smith Jr., K.R.1    Goulding, P.M.2    Wilderman, D.3
  • 118
    • 36949021797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levetiracetam use in critically ill patients
    • Szaflarski J.P., Meckler J.M., Szaflarski M., et al. Levetiracetam use in critically ill patients. Neurocrit Care 7 2 (2007) 140-147
    • (2007) Neurocrit Care , vol.7 , Issue.2 , pp. 140-147
    • Szaflarski, J.P.1    Meckler, J.M.2    Szaflarski, M.3
  • 119
    • 40649103607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous levetiracetam: treatment experience with the first 50 critically ill patients
    • Ruegg S., Naegelin Y., Hardmeier M., et al. Intravenous levetiracetam: treatment experience with the first 50 critically ill patients. Epilepsy Behav 12 3 (2008) 477-480
    • (2008) Epilepsy Behav , vol.12 , Issue.3 , pp. 477-480
    • Ruegg, S.1    Naegelin, Y.2    Hardmeier, M.3
  • 120
    • 0942287940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychiatric adverse events in patients with epilepsy and learning disabilities taking levetiracetam
    • Mula M., Trimble M.R., and Sander J.W. Psychiatric adverse events in patients with epilepsy and learning disabilities taking levetiracetam. Seizure 13 1 (2004) 55-57
    • (2004) Seizure , vol.13 , Issue.1 , pp. 55-57
    • Mula, M.1    Trimble, M.R.2    Sander, J.W.3
  • 121
    • 0042836602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychiatric adverse events during levetiracetam therapy
    • Mula M., Trimble M.R., Yuen A., et al. Psychiatric adverse events during levetiracetam therapy. Neurology 61 5 (2003) 704-706
    • (2003) Neurology , vol.61 , Issue.5 , pp. 704-706
    • Mula, M.1    Trimble, M.R.2    Yuen, A.3
  • 122
    • 0034700968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychological effects of valproate in traumatic brain injury: a randomized trial
    • Dikmen S.S., Machamer J.E., Winn H.R., et al. Neuropsychological effects of valproate in traumatic brain injury: a randomized trial. Neurology 54 4 (2000) 895-902
    • (2000) Neurology , vol.54 , Issue.4 , pp. 895-902
    • Dikmen, S.S.1    Machamer, J.E.2    Winn, H.R.3
  • 123
    • 6044261647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analgesic and sedative pharmacology in the intensive care unit
    • Wong C., Burry L., Molino-Carmona S., et al. Analgesic and sedative pharmacology in the intensive care unit. Dynamics 15 1 (2004) 23-26
    • (2004) Dynamics , vol.15 , Issue.1 , pp. 23-26
    • Wong, C.1    Burry, L.2    Molino-Carmona, S.3
  • 124
    • 12244306234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Haloperidol use is associated with lower hospital mortality in mechanically ventilated patients
    • Milbrandt E.B., Kersten A., Kong L., et al. Haloperidol use is associated with lower hospital mortality in mechanically ventilated patients. Crit Care Med 33 1 (2005) 226-229
    • (2005) Crit Care Med , vol.33 , Issue.1 , pp. 226-229
    • Milbrandt, E.B.1    Kersten, A.2    Kong, L.3
  • 125
    • 0032827623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological approach to functional reorganization: the role of norepinephrine
    • Goldstein L.B. Pharmacological approach to functional reorganization: the role of norepinephrine. Rev Neurol (Paris) 155 9 (1999) 731-736
    • (1999) Rev Neurol (Paris) , vol.155 , Issue.9 , pp. 731-736
    • Goldstein, L.B.1
  • 126
    • 0027817259 scopus 로고
    • Basic and clinical studies of pharmacologic effects on recovery from brain injury
    • Goldstein L.B. Basic and clinical studies of pharmacologic effects on recovery from brain injury. J Neural Transplant Plast 4 3 (1993) 175-192
    • (1993) J Neural Transplant Plast , vol.4 , Issue.3 , pp. 175-192
    • Goldstein, L.B.1
  • 127
    • 0030963422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive effects of antipsychotic agents in persons with traumatic brain injury
    • Stanislav S.W. Cognitive effects of antipsychotic agents in persons with traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 11 5 (1997) 335-341
    • (1997) Brain Inj , vol.11 , Issue.5 , pp. 335-341
    • Stanislav, S.W.1
  • 128
    • 0036239055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive and sedative effects of benzodiazepine use
    • Buffett-Jerrott S.E., and Stewart S.H. Cognitive and sedative effects of benzodiazepine use. Curr Pharm Des 8 1 (2002) 45-58
    • (2002) Curr Pharm Des , vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp. 45-58
    • Buffett-Jerrott, S.E.1    Stewart, S.H.2
  • 129
    • 0027458129 scopus 로고
    • Effects of dexedrine on perfomance consistency following brain injury: a double-blind placebo crossover case study
    • Bleiberg J., Garmoe W., Cederquist J., et al. Effects of dexedrine on perfomance consistency following brain injury: a double-blind placebo crossover case study. Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol 6 4 (1993) 245-248
    • (1993) Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol , vol.6 , Issue.4 , pp. 245-248
    • Bleiberg, J.1    Garmoe, W.2    Cederquist, J.3
  • 130
    • 37149023787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PTA testing, the westmead post traumatic amnesia scale and opiate analgesia: a cautionary note
    • McCarter R.J., Walton N.H., Moore C., et al. PTA testing, the westmead post traumatic amnesia scale and opiate analgesia: a cautionary note. Brain Inj 21 13-14 (2007) 1393-1397
    • (2007) Brain Inj , vol.21 , Issue.13-14 , pp. 1393-1397
    • McCarter, R.J.1    Walton, N.H.2    Moore, C.3
  • 131
    • 24344484767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The disability rating and coma/near-coma scales in evaluating severe head injury
    • Rappaport M. The disability rating and coma/near-coma scales in evaluating severe head injury. Neuropsychol Rehabil 15 3-4 (2005) 442-453
    • (2005) Neuropsychol Rehabil , vol.15 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 442-453
    • Rappaport, M.1
  • 132
    • 0034984728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of the delirium rating scale-revised-98: comparison with the delirium rating scale and the cognitive test for delirium
    • Trzepacz P.T., Mittal D., Torres R., et al. Validation of the delirium rating scale-revised-98: comparison with the delirium rating scale and the cognitive test for delirium. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 13 2 (2001) 229-242
    • (2001) J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci , vol.13 , Issue.2 , pp. 229-242
    • Trzepacz, P.T.1    Mittal, D.2    Torres, R.3
  • 133
    • 0016823810 scopus 로고
    • Mini-mental state: a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician
    • Folstein M.F., Folstein S.E., and McHugh P.R. Mini-mental state: a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res 12 (1975) 189-198
    • (1975) J Psychiatr Res , vol.12 , pp. 189-198
    • Folstein, M.F.1    Folstein, S.E.2    McHugh, P.R.3
  • 134
    • 0034642168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The FAB: a frontal assessment battery at bedside
    • Dubois B., Slachevsky A., Litvan I., et al. The FAB: a frontal assessment battery at bedside. Neurology 55 (2000) 1621-1626
    • (2000) Neurology , vol.55 , pp. 1621-1626
    • Dubois, B.1    Slachevsky, A.2    Litvan, I.3
  • 135
    • 53249099151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impairments of frontally-mediated cognition characterize posttraumatic encephalopathy following resolution of posttraumatic amnesia
    • Arciniegas D.B., Frey K., Alderfer B., et al. Impairments of frontally-mediated cognition characterize posttraumatic encephalopathy following resolution of posttraumatic amnesia. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 18 2 (2006) 281
    • (2006) J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci , vol.18 , Issue.2 , pp. 281
    • Arciniegas, D.B.1    Frey, K.2    Alderfer, B.3
  • 136
    • 0036052081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensory stimulation for brain injured individuals in coma or vegetative state
    • CD001427
    • Lombardi F., Taricco M., De T.A., et al. Sensory stimulation for brain injured individuals in coma or vegetative state. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2 (2002) CD001427
    • (2002) Cochrane Database Syst Rev , Issue.2
    • Lombardi, F.1    Taricco, M.2    De, T.A.3
  • 137
    • 0036320044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amantadine to improve neurorecovery in traumatic brain injury-associated diffuse axonal injury: a pilot double-blind randomized trial
    • Meythaler J.M., Brunner R.C., Johnson A., et al. Amantadine to improve neurorecovery in traumatic brain injury-associated diffuse axonal injury: a pilot double-blind randomized trial. J Head Trauma Rehabil 17 4 (2002) 300-313
    • (2002) J Head Trauma Rehabil , vol.17 , Issue.4 , pp. 300-313
    • Meythaler, J.M.1    Brunner, R.C.2    Johnson, A.3
  • 138
    • 20044374841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictors of outcome in prolonged posttraumatic disorders of consciousness and assessment of medication effects: a multicenter study
    • Whyte J., Katz D., Long D., et al. Predictors of outcome in prolonged posttraumatic disorders of consciousness and assessment of medication effects: a multicenter study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 86 3 (2005) 453-462
    • (2005) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.86 , Issue.3 , pp. 453-462
    • Whyte, J.1    Katz, D.2    Long, D.3
  • 139
    • 0034167698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is there a final common neural pathway in delirium? Focus on acetylcholine and dopamine
    • Trzepacz P.T. Is there a final common neural pathway in delirium? Focus on acetylcholine and dopamine. Semin Clin Neuropsychiatry 5 2 (2000) 132-148
    • (2000) Semin Clin Neuropsychiatry , vol.5 , Issue.2 , pp. 132-148
    • Trzepacz, P.T.1
  • 141
    • 34047208991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atypical antipsychotics versus haloperidol for treatment of delirium in acutely ill patients
    • Rea R.S., Battistone S., Fong J.J., et al. Atypical antipsychotics versus haloperidol for treatment of delirium in acutely ill patients. Pharmacotherapy 27 4 (2007) 588-594
    • (2007) Pharmacotherapy , vol.27 , Issue.4 , pp. 588-594
    • Rea, R.S.1    Battistone, S.2    Fong, J.J.3
  • 142
    • 35948936864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quetiapine for mania due to traumatic brain injury
    • Oster T.J., Anderson C.A., Filley C.M., et al. Quetiapine for mania due to traumatic brain injury. CNS Spectr 12 10 (2007) 764-769
    • (2007) CNS Spectr , vol.12 , Issue.10 , pp. 764-769
    • Oster, T.J.1    Anderson, C.A.2    Filley, C.M.3
  • 143
    • 33750814945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A pilot study of quetiapine treatment of aggression due to traumatic brain injury
    • Kim E., and Bijlani M. A pilot study of quetiapine treatment of aggression due to traumatic brain injury. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 18 4 (2006) 547-549
    • (2006) J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci , vol.18 , Issue.4 , pp. 547-549
    • Kim, E.1    Bijlani, M.2
  • 144
    • 0030613524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between D2 receptor occupancy and plasma levels on low dose oral haloperidol: a PET study
    • Kapur S., Zipursky R., Roy P., et al. The relationship between D2 receptor occupancy and plasma levels on low dose oral haloperidol: a PET study. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 131 2 (1997) 148-152
    • (1997) Psychopharmacology (Berl) , vol.131 , Issue.2 , pp. 148-152
    • Kapur, S.1    Zipursky, R.2    Roy, P.3
  • 145
    • 0027743268 scopus 로고
    • Occupancy of central neurotransmitter receptors by risperidone, clozapine and haloperidol, measured ex vivo by quantitative autoradiography
    • Schotte A., Janssen P.F., Megens A.A., et al. Occupancy of central neurotransmitter receptors by risperidone, clozapine and haloperidol, measured ex vivo by quantitative autoradiography. Brain Res 631 2 (1993) 191-202
    • (1993) Brain Res , vol.631 , Issue.2 , pp. 191-202
    • Schotte, A.1    Janssen, P.F.2    Megens, A.A.3
  • 146
    • 53249110113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delirium and posttraumatic amnesia
    • Silver J.M., McAllister T.W., and Yudofsky S.C. (Eds), American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc., Washington, DC
    • Trzepacz P.T., and Kennedy R.E. Delirium and posttraumatic amnesia. In: Silver J.M., McAllister T.W., and Yudofsky S.C. (Eds). Textbook of traumatic brain injury (2005), American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc., Washington, DC 175-200
    • (2005) Textbook of traumatic brain injury , pp. 175-200
    • Trzepacz, P.T.1    Kennedy, R.E.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.