메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 23, Issue SUPPL. 3, 2008, Pages

Levodopa-related motor complications - Phenomenology

Author keywords

Levopoda; Motor fluctuations; Non motor; Parkinson's disease

Indexed keywords

DOPAMINE; DOPAMINE RECEPTOR; DOPAMINE RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; LEVODOPA; PARKIN;

EID: 53149141027     PISSN: 08853185     EISSN: 15318257     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/mds.22021     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (87)

References (63)
  • 1
    • 0035353725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequency of levodopa-related dyskinesias and motor fluctuations as estimated from the cumulative literature
    • Ahlskog JE, Muenter MD. Frequency of levodopa-related dyskinesias and motor fluctuations as estimated from the cumulative literature. Mov Disord 2001;16:448-458.
    • (2001) Mov Disord , vol.16 , pp. 448-458
    • Ahlskog, J.E.1    Muenter, M.D.2
  • 2
    • 0031679149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Classification of fluctuations in patients with Parkinson's disease
    • Quinn NP. Classification of fluctuations in patients with Parkinson's disease. Neurology 1998;51 (Suppl 2)25-29.
    • (1998) Neurology , vol.51 , Issue.SUPPL. 2 , pp. 25-29
    • Quinn, N.P.1
  • 3
    • 0015043830 scopus 로고
    • L-dopa therapy of Parkinson's disease: Plasma L-dopa concentration, therapeutic response, and side effects
    • Muenter MD, Tyce GM. L-dopa therapy of Parkinson's disease: plasma L-dopa concentration, therapeutic response, and side effects. Mayo Clin Proc 1971;46:231-239.
    • (1971) Mayo Clin Proc , vol.46 , pp. 231-239
    • Muenter, M.D.1    Tyce, G.M.2
  • 4
    • 0029883235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The response to levodopa in Parkinson's disease: Imposing pharmacological law and order
    • Nutt JG, Holford NHG. The response to levodopa in Parkinson's disease: imposing pharmacological law and order. Ann Neurol 1996;39:561-573.
    • (1996) Ann Neurol , vol.39 , pp. 561-573
    • Nutt, J.G.1    Holford, N.H.G.2
  • 6
    • 0028858370 scopus 로고
    • The effect of deprenyl and levodopa on the progression of Parkinson's disease
    • Olanow CW, Hauser RA, Gauger L, et al. The effect of deprenyl and levodopa on the progression of Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol 1995;38:771-777.
    • (1995) Ann Neurol , vol.38 , pp. 771-777
    • Olanow, C.W.1    Hauser, R.A.2    Gauger, L.3
  • 7
    • 0034106361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time course of loss of clinical benefit following withdrawal of levodopa/ carbidopa and bromocriptine in early Parkinson's disease
    • Hauser RA, Koller WC, Hubble JP, Malapira T, Busenbark K, Olanow CW. Time course of loss of clinical benefit following withdrawal of levodopa/ carbidopa and bromocriptine in early Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2000;15:485-489.
    • (2000) Mov Disord , vol.15 , pp. 485-489
    • Hauser, R.A.1    Koller, W.C.2    Hubble, J.P.3    Malapira, T.4    Busenbark, K.5    Olanow, C.W.6
  • 8
    • 0036764810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative description of loss of clinical benefit following withdrawal of levodopa-carbidopa and bromocriptine in early Parkinson's disease
    • Hauser RA, Holford NH. Quantitative description of loss of clinical benefit following withdrawal of levodopa-carbidopa and bromocriptine in early Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2002;17: 961-968.
    • (2002) Mov Disord , vol.17 , pp. 961-968
    • Hauser, R.A.1    Holford, N.H.2
  • 9
    • 19744378296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levodopa and the progression of Parkinson's disease
    • Fahn S, Oakes D, Shoulson I, et al. Levodopa and the progression of Parkinson's disease. N Engl J Med 2004;351:2498-2508.
    • (2004) N Engl J Med , vol.351 , pp. 2498-2508
    • Fahn, S.1    Oakes, D.2    Shoulson, I.3
  • 10
    • 0029149437 scopus 로고
    • The subacute levodopa test for evaluating long-duration response in Parkinson's disease
    • Quattrone A, Zappia M, Aguglia U, et al. The subacute levodopa test for evaluating long-duration response in Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol 1995;38:389-395.
    • (1995) Ann Neurol , vol.38 , pp. 389-395
    • Quattrone, A.1    Zappia, M.2    Aguglia, U.3
  • 11
    • 0036264465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of the response to levodopa during the first 4 years of therapy
    • Nutt JG, Carter JH, Lea ES, Sexton GJ. Evolution of the response to levodopa during the first 4 years of therapy. Ann Neurol 2002;51:686-693.
    • (2002) Ann Neurol , vol.51 , pp. 686-693
    • Nutt, J.G.1    Carter, J.H.2    Lea, E.S.3    Sexton, G.J.4
  • 12
    • 0029920096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motor response to acute dopaminergic challenge with apomorphine and levodopa in Parkinson's disease: Implications for the pathogenesis of the on-off phenomenon
    • Colosimo C, Merello M, Hughes AJ, Sieradzan K, Lees AJ. Motor response to acute dopaminergic challenge with apomorphine and levodopa in Parkinson's disease: implications for the pathogenesis of the on-off phenomenon. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1996;60:634-637.
    • (1996) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.60 , pp. 634-637
    • Colosimo, C.1    Merello, M.2    Hughes, A.J.3    Sieradzan, K.4    Lees, A.J.5
  • 13
    • 0016587362 scopus 로고
    • On-off response. Clinical and biochemical correlations during oral and intravenous levodopa administration in Parkinsonian patients
    • Shoulson I, Glaubiger GA, Chase TN. On-off response. Clinical and biochemical correlations during oral and intravenous levodopa administration in Parkinsonian patients. Neurology 1975;25:1144-1148.
    • (1975) Neurology , vol.25 , pp. 1144-1148
    • Shoulson, I.1    Glaubiger, G.A.2    Chase, T.N.3
  • 14
    • 0001925175 scopus 로고
    • Fluctuations of disability in Parkinson's disease: Pathophysiological aspects
    • Marsden CD, Fahn S, Editors, London: Butterworth Scientific;
    • Fahn S. Fluctuations of disability in Parkinson's disease: pathophysiological aspects. In: Marsden CD, Fahn S, Editors. Movement disorders. London: Butterworth Scientific; 1982. p 123-145.
    • (1982) Movement disorders , pp. 123-145
    • Fahn, S.1
  • 15
    • 0016259489 scopus 로고
    • On-off phenomenon with levodopa therapy in parkinsonism: Clinical and pharmacological correlations and the effects of intramuscular pyridoxine
    • Fahn S. "On-off" phenomenon with levodopa therapy in parkinsonism: clinical and pharmacological correlations and the effects of intramuscular pyridoxine. Neurology 1974;24:431-444.
    • (1974) Neurology , vol.24 , pp. 431-444
    • Fahn, S.1
  • 16
    • 53149118681 scopus 로고
    • Delayed onset of responses to individual doses of L-dopa in Parkinsonian fluctuators: An additional side effect of long-term L-dopa therapy
    • Melamed E, Bitton V. Delayed onset of responses to individual doses of L-dopa in Parkinsonian fluctuators: an additional side effect of long-term L-dopa therapy. Neurology 1984;34 (Suppl 2): 270.
    • (1984) Neurology , vol.34 , Issue.SUPPL. 2 , pp. 270
    • Melamed, E.1    Bitton, V.2
  • 18
    • 0023522470 scopus 로고
    • Influence of meal ingestion time on pharmacokinetics of orally administered levodopa in parkinsonian patients
    • Baruzzi A, Contin M, Riva R, et al. Influence of meal ingestion time on pharmacokinetics of orally administered levodopa in parkinsonian patients. Clin Neuropharmacol 1987;10:527-537.
    • (1987) Clin Neuropharmacol , vol.10 , pp. 527-537
    • Baruzzi, A.1    Contin, M.2    Riva, R.3
  • 19
    • 33745884983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Helicobacter pylori eradication and l-dopa absorption in patients with PD and motor fluctuations
    • Pierantozzi M, Pietroiusti A, Brusa L, et al. Helicobacter pylori eradication and l-dopa absorption in patients with PD and motor fluctuations. Neurology 2006;66:1824-1829.
    • (2006) Neurology , vol.66 , pp. 1824-1829
    • Pierantozzi, M.1    Pietroiusti, A.2    Brusa, L.3
  • 20
    • 0026472109 scopus 로고
    • Beginning-of-dose motor deterioration following the acute administration of levodopa and apomorphine in Parkinson's disease
    • Merello M, Lees AJ. Beginning-of-dose motor deterioration following the acute administration of levodopa and apomorphine in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1992;55: 1024-1026.
    • (1992) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.55 , pp. 1024-1026
    • Merello, M.1    Lees, A.J.2
  • 21
    • 0023729233 scopus 로고
    • Does an inhibitory action of levodopa contribute to motor fluctuations?
    • Nutt JG, Gancher ST, Woodward WR. Does an inhibitory action of levodopa contribute to motor fluctuations? Neurology 1988; 38:1553-1557.
    • (1988) Neurology , vol.38 , pp. 1553-1557
    • Nutt, J.G.1    Gancher, S.T.2    Woodward, W.R.3
  • 22
    • 0026523808 scopus 로고
    • Motor blocks in Parkinson's disease
    • Giladi N, McMahon D, Przedborski S, et al. Motor blocks in Parkinson's disease. Neurology 1992;42:333-339.
    • (1992) Neurology , vol.42 , pp. 333-339
    • Giladi, N.1    McMahon, D.2    Przedborski, S.3
  • 23
    • 0029441754 scopus 로고
    • The freezing phenomenon in parkinsonism
    • Fahn S. The freezing phenomenon in parkinsonism. Adv Neurol 1995;67:53-63.
    • (1995) Adv Neurol , vol.67 , pp. 53-63
    • Fahn, S.1
  • 24
    • 0015708135 scopus 로고
    • Start hesitation-a side effect of long-term levodopa therapy
    • Ambani LM, Van Woert MH. Start hesitation-a side effect of long-term levodopa therapy. N Engl J Med 1973;288:1113-1115.
    • (1973) N Engl J Med , vol.288 , pp. 1113-1115
    • Ambani, L.M.1    Van Woert, M.H.2
  • 25
    • 0017084363 scopus 로고
    • Six years of high-level levodopa therapy in severely akinetic parkinsonian patients
    • Barbeau A. Six years of high-level levodopa therapy in severely akinetic parkinsonian patients. Arch Neurol 1976;33:333-338.
    • (1976) Arch Neurol , vol.33 , pp. 333-338
    • Barbeau, A.1
  • 26
    • 0025355032 scopus 로고
    • Levodopa-induced dyskinesia: Review, observation and speculations
    • Nutt JG. Levodopa-induced dyskinesia: review, observation and speculations. Neurology 1990,40:340-345.
    • (1990) Neurology , vol.40 , pp. 340-345
    • Nutt, J.G.1
  • 27
    • 0026551551 scopus 로고
    • Levodopa-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease: Clinical and pharmacological classification
    • Luquin MR, Scipioni O, Vaamonde J, Gershanik O, Obeso JA. Levodopa-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease: clinical and pharmacological classification. Mov Disord 1992;7:117-124.
    • (1992) Mov Disord , vol.7 , pp. 117-124
    • Luquin, M.R.1    Scipioni, O.2    Vaamonde, J.3    Gershanik, O.4    Obeso, J.A.5
  • 28
    • 0022666272 scopus 로고
    • Respiratory dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease
    • Jankovic J, Nour F. Respiratory dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease. Neurology 1986;36:303-304.
    • (1986) Neurology , vol.36 , pp. 303-304
    • Jankovic, J.1    Nour, F.2
  • 30
    • 0023787423 scopus 로고
    • Dystonia in Parkinson's disease: Clinical and pharmacological features
    • Poewe WH, Lees AJ, Stern GM. Dystonia in Parkinson's disease: clinical and pharmacological features. Ann Neurol 1988;23:73-78.
    • (1988) Ann Neurol , vol.23 , pp. 73-78
    • Poewe, W.H.1    Lees, A.J.2    Stern, G.M.3
  • 32
    • 0018352370 scopus 로고
    • Early morning dystonia: A late side effect of long-term levodopa therapy in Parkinson's disease
    • Melamed E. Early morning dystonia: a late side effect of long-term levodopa therapy in Parkinson's disease. Arch Neurol 1979;36:308-310.
    • (1979) Arch Neurol , vol.36 , pp. 308-310
    • Melamed, E.1
  • 33
    • 0034855583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early morning off-medication dyskinesias, dystonia, and choreic subtypes
    • Cubo E, Gracies JM, Benabou R, et al. Early morning off-medication dyskinesias, dystonia, and choreic subtypes. Arch Neurol 2001;58:1379-1382.
    • (2001) Arch Neurol , vol.58 , pp. 1379-1382
    • Cubo, E.1    Gracies, J.M.2    Benabou, R.3
  • 34
    • 0017468670 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of dystonia (I-D-I and D-I-D) in response to L-dopa therapy in Parkinson's disease
    • Muenter MD, Sharpless NS, Tyce GM, Darley FL. Patterns of dystonia (I-D-I and D-I-D) in response to L-dopa therapy in Parkinson's disease. Mayo Clin Proc 1977;52:163-174.
    • (1977) Mayo Clin Proc , vol.52 , pp. 163-174
    • Muenter, M.D.1    Sharpless, N.S.2    Tyce, G.M.3    Darley, F.L.4
  • 35
    • 0001925175 scopus 로고
    • Fluctuations of disability in Parkinson's disease-clinical aspects
    • Marsden CD, Fahn S, Editors, London: Butterworth Scientific;
    • Marsden CD, Parkes JD, Quinn N. Fluctuations of disability in Parkinson's disease-clinical aspects. In: Marsden CD, Fahn S, Editors. Movement disorders. London: Butterworth Scientific; 1982. p 96-122.
    • (1982) Movement disorders , pp. 96-122
    • Marsden, C.D.1    Parkes, J.D.2    Quinn, N.3
  • 36
    • 0035826089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transplantation of embryonic dopamine neurons for severe Parkinson's disease
    • Freed CR, Greene PE, Breeze RE, et al. Transplantation of embryonic dopamine neurons for severe Parkinson's disease. N Engl J Med 2001;344:710-719.
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.344 , pp. 710-719
    • Freed, C.R.1    Greene, P.E.2    Breeze, R.E.3
  • 37
    • 0042837887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A double-blind controlled trial of bilateral fetal nigral transplantation in Parkinson's disease
    • Olanow CW, Goetz CG, Kordower JH, et al. A double-blind controlled trial of bilateral fetal nigral transplantation in Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol 2003;54:403-414.
    • (2003) Ann Neurol , vol.54 , pp. 403-414
    • Olanow, C.W.1    Goetz, C.G.2    Kordower, J.H.3
  • 38
    • 29244453213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trial study group. effects of dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease on quality of life and health-related costs: A prospective European study
    • Pechevis M, Clarke CE, Vieregge P, et al. Trial study group. effects of dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease on quality of life and health-related costs: a prospective European study. Eur J Neurol. 2005;12:956-963.
    • (2005) Eur J Neurol , vol.12 , pp. 956-963
    • Pechevis, M.1    Clarke, C.E.2    Vieregge, P.3
  • 39
    • 0016378004 scopus 로고
    • Variations in the "on-off" phenomena
    • Duvoisin RC. Variations in the "on-off" phenomena. Adv Neurol 1974;5:339-340.
    • (1974) Adv Neurol , vol.5 , pp. 339-340
    • Duvoisin, R.C.1
  • 40
    • 0017275668 scopus 로고
    • On-off effects in patients with Parkinson's disease on chronic levodopa therapy
    • Marsden CD, Parkes JD. "On-off" effects in patients with Parkinson's disease on chronic levodopa therapy. Lancet 1976;1:292-296.
    • (1976) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 292-296
    • Marsden, C.D.1    Parkes, J.D.2
  • 43
    • 0025236727 scopus 로고
    • Circadian fluctuations of contrast sensitivity in Parkinson's disease
    • Struck LK, Rodnitzky RL, Dobson JK. Circadian fluctuations of contrast sensitivity in Parkinson's disease. Neurology 1990;40: 467-470.
    • (1990) Neurology , vol.40 , pp. 467-470
    • Struck, L.K.1    Rodnitzky, R.L.2    Dobson, J.K.3
  • 45
    • 0038662544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parkin disease: A phenotypic study of a large case series
    • Khan NL, Graham E, Critchley P, et al. Parkin disease: a phenotypic study of a large case series. Brain 2003;126:1279-1292.
    • (2003) Brain , vol.126 , pp. 1279-1292
    • Khan, N.L.1    Graham, E.2    Critchley, P.3
  • 46
    • 0027328494 scopus 로고
    • The spectrum of levodopa-related fluctuations in Parkinson's disease
    • Riley DE, Lang AE. The spectrum of levodopa-related fluctuations in Parkinson's disease. Neurology 1993;43:1459-1464.
    • (1993) Neurology , vol.43 , pp. 1459-1464
    • Riley, D.E.1    Lang, A.E.2
  • 47
    • 0032497504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parkinson's disease. First of two parts
    • Lang AE, Lozano AM. Parkinson's disease. First of two parts. N Engl J Med 1998;39:1044-1053.
    • (1998) N Engl J Med , vol.39 , pp. 1044-1053
    • Lang, A.E.1    Lozano, A.M.2
  • 48
    • 0035353726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comorbidity of the nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson's disease
    • Shulman LM, Taback RL, Bean J, Weiner WJ. Comorbidity of the nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2001;16:507-510.
    • (2001) Mov Disord , vol.16 , pp. 507-510
    • Shulman, L.M.1    Taback, R.L.2    Bean, J.3    Weiner, W.J.4
  • 49
    • 0034771176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non motor off in Parkinson's disease
    • Raudino F. Non motor off in Parkinson's disease. Acta Neurol Scand 2001;104:312-315.
    • (2001) Acta Neurol Scand , vol.104 , pp. 312-315
    • Raudino, F.1
  • 50
    • 0037072288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonmotor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease: Frequent and disabling
    • Witjas T, Kaphan E, Azulay JP, et al. Nonmotor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease: frequent and disabling. Neurology 2002;59: 408-413.
    • (2002) Neurology , vol.59 , pp. 408-413
    • Witjas, T.1    Kaphan, E.2    Azulay, J.P.3
  • 53
    • 0034055187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hedonistic homeostatic dysregulation in patients with Parkinson's disease on dopamine replacement therapies
    • Giovannoni G, O'sullivan JD, Turner K, Manson AJ, Lees AJ. Hedonistic homeostatic dysregulation in patients with Parkinson's disease on dopamine replacement therapies. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2000;68:423-428.
    • (2000) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.68 , pp. 423-428
    • Giovannoni, G.1    O'sullivan, J.D.2    Turner, K.3    Manson, A.J.4    Lees, A.J.5
  • 54
    • 0141738376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compulsive use of dopamine replacement therapy in Parkinson's disease: Reward systems gone awry?
    • Lawrence AD, Evans AH, Lees AJ. Compulsive use of dopamine replacement therapy in Parkinson's disease: reward systems gone awry? Lancet Neurol 2003;2:595-604.
    • (2003) Lancet Neurol , vol.2 , pp. 595-604
    • Lawrence, A.D.1    Evans, A.H.2    Lees, A.J.3
  • 55
    • 0028169949 scopus 로고
    • Punding on levodopa
    • Friedman JH. Punding on levodopa. Biol Psychiatry 1994;36: 350-351.
    • (1994) Biol Psychiatry , vol.36 , pp. 350-351
    • Friedman, J.H.1
  • 56
    • 2342442360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Punding in Parkinson's disease: Its relation to the dopamine dysregulation syndrome
    • Evans AH, Katzenschlager R, Paviour D, et al. Punding in Parkinson's disease: its relation to the dopamine dysregulation syndrome. Mov Disord 2004;19:397-405.
    • (2004) Mov Disord , vol.19 , pp. 397-405
    • Evans, A.H.1    Katzenschlager, R.2    Paviour, D.3
  • 57
    • 0033428823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Core assessment program for surgical interventional therapies in Parkinson's disease (CAPSIT-PD)
    • Defer GL, Widner H, Marie RM, Remy P, Levivier M. Core assessment program for surgical interventional therapies in Parkinson's disease (CAPSIT-PD). Mov Disord 1999;4:572-584.
    • (1999) Mov Disord , vol.4 , pp. 572-584
    • Defer, G.L.1    Widner, H.2    Marie, R.M.3    Remy, P.4    Levivier, M.5
  • 58
    • 0032710831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dyskinesias assessment: From CAPIT to CAPSIT. Core assessment program for intracerebral transplantations core assessment program for surgical interventional therapies
    • Widner H, Defer GL. Dyskinesias assessment: from CAPIT to CAPSIT. Core assessment program for intracerebral transplantations core assessment program for surgical interventional therapies. Mov Disord 1999;14 (Suppl 1)60-66.
    • (1999) Mov Disord , vol.14 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 60-66
    • Widner, H.1    Defer, G.L.2
  • 59
    • 0033995552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A home diary to assess functional status in patients with Parkinson's disease with motor fluctuations and dyskinesia
    • Hauser RA, Friedlander J, Zesiewicz TA, et al. A home diary to assess functional status in patients with Parkinson's disease with motor fluctuations and dyskinesia. Clin Neuropharmacol 2000;23:75-81.
    • (2000) Clin Neuropharmacol , vol.23 , pp. 75-81
    • Hauser, R.A.1    Friedlander, J.2    Zesiewicz, T.A.3
  • 60
    • 32944466421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levodopa-associated dyskinesia risk among Parkinson disease patients in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1976-1990
    • Van Gerpen JA, Kumar N, Bower JH, Weigand S, Ahlskog JE. Levodopa-associated dyskinesia risk among Parkinson disease patients in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1976-1990. Arch Neurol 2006;63:205-209.
    • (2006) Arch Neurol , vol.63 , pp. 205-209
    • Van Gerpen, J.A.1    Kumar, N.2    Bower, J.H.3    Weigand, S.4    Ahlskog, J.E.5
  • 61
    • 2342420153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wireless real-time electronic data capture for self-assessment of motor function and quality of life in Parkinson's disease
    • Nyholm D, Kowalski J, Aquilonius SM. Wireless real-time electronic data capture for self-assessment of motor function and quality of life in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2004;19:446-451.
    • (2004) Mov Disord , vol.19 , pp. 446-451
    • Nyholm, D.1    Kowalski, J.2    Aquilonius, S.M.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.