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1
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34547858847
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High-density lipoprotein as a therapeutic target: A systematic review
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Singh IM, Shishehbor MH, Ansell BJ. High-density lipoprotein as a therapeutic target: a systematic review. JAMA 2007; 298:786-798.
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JAMA
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Singh, I.M.1
Shishehbor, M.H.2
Ansell, B.J.3
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2
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0023029454
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Incidence of coronary heart disease and lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The Framingham Study
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Castelli WP, Garrison RJ, Wilson PW, et al. Incidence of coronary heart disease and lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The Framingham Study. JAMA 1986; 256:2835-2838.
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JAMA
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Castelli, W.P.1
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3
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36348975228
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Barter PJ, Caulfield M, Eriksson M, et al. Effects of torcetrapib in patients at high risk for coronary events. N Engl J Med 2007; 357:2109-2122. This study [Investigation of Lipid Level Management to Understand its Impact in Atherosclerotic Events (ILLUMINATE)] was the first to examine the clinical outcomes of raising HDL by treatment with the CETP inhibitor torcetrapib in combination with atorvastatin. The trial was terminated prematurely because of an increased mortality and events with intervention.
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Barter PJ, Caulfield M, Eriksson M, et al. Effects of torcetrapib in patients at high risk for coronary events. N Engl J Med 2007; 357:2109-2122. This study [Investigation of Lipid Level Management to Understand its Impact in Atherosclerotic Events (ILLUMINATE)] was the first to examine the clinical outcomes of raising HDL by treatment with the CETP inhibitor torcetrapib in combination with atorvastatin. The trial was terminated prematurely because of an increased mortality and events with intervention.
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4
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34047106220
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Effect of torcetrapib on the progression of coronary atherosclerosis
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This study found that in patients with coronary disease torcetrapib treatment had no effect on the progression of coronary atherosclerosis as measured by the percentage atheroma change; there was, however, treatment-related improvement in normalized atheroma a secondary endpoint
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Nissen SE, Tardif JC, Nicholls SJ, et al. Effect of torcetrapib on the progression of coronary atherosclerosis. N Engl J Med 2007; 356: 1304-1316. This study found that in patients with coronary disease torcetrapib treatment had no effect on the progression of coronary atherosclerosis as measured by the percentage atheroma volume change; there was, however, treatment-related improvement in normalized atheroma volume, a secondary endpoint.
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(2007)
N Engl J Med
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, pp. 1304-1316
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Nissen, S.E.1
Tardif, J.C.2
Nicholls, S.J.3
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5
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34447265547
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Torcetrapib and carotid intima-media thickness in mixed dyslipidaemia (RADIANCE 2 study): A randomised, double-blind trial
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Bots ML, Visseren FL, Evans GW, et al. Torcetrapib and carotid intima-media thickness in mixed dyslipidaemia (RADIANCE 2 study): a randomised, double-blind trial. Lancet 2007; 370:153-160.
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Bots, M.L.1
Visseren, F.L.2
Evans, G.W.3
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6
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34247241088
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Kastelein JJP, van Leuven SI, Burgess L, et al. Effect of torcetrapib on carotid atherosclerosis in familial hypercholesterolemia. N Engl J Med 2007; 356:1620-1630. These trials [Rating Atherosclerotic Disease Change by Imaging with A New CETP Inhibitor (RADIANCE) I and II] examined the effect of torceptrapib on carotid atherosclerosis in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia and mixed dyslipidemia. The use of torcetrapib did not result in reduction of progression of atherosclerosis as assessed by CIMT.
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Kastelein JJP, van Leuven SI, Burgess L, et al. Effect of torcetrapib on carotid atherosclerosis in familial hypercholesterolemia. N Engl J Med 2007; 356:1620-1630. These trials [Rating Atherosclerotic Disease Change by Imaging with A New CETP Inhibitor (RADIANCE) I and II] examined the effect of torceptrapib on carotid atherosclerosis in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia and mixed dyslipidemia. The use of torcetrapib did not result in reduction of progression of atherosclerosis as assessed by CIMT.
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7
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33748681287
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Functionally defective high-density lipoprotein: A new therapeutic target at the crossroads of dyslipidemia, inflammation, and atherosclerosis
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An excellent review of the concept of HDL functionality
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Kontush A, Chapman MJ. Functionally defective high-density lipoprotein: a new therapeutic target at the crossroads of dyslipidemia, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. Pharmacol Rev 2006; 58:342-374. An excellent review of the concept of HDL functionality.
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Pharmacol Rev
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, pp. 342-374
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Kontush, A.1
Chapman, M.J.2
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8
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Laboratory assessment of HDL heterogeneity and function
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Movva R, Rader DJ. Laboratory assessment of HDL heterogeneity and function. Clin Chem 2008; 54:788-800.
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Clin Chem
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Movva, R.1
Rader, D.J.2
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9
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van der Steeg WA, Holme I, Boekholdt SM, et al. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein particle size, and apolipoprotein A-I: significance for cardiovascular risk: The IDEAL and EPIC-Norfolk studies. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008; 51:634-642. This important post-hoc analysis of IDEAL and EPIC-Norfolk studies examined the relationship between HDL-cholesterol, HDL particle size and apoA-I, and incidence of CAD. The authors found that very high HDL-cholesterol and larger HDL particles may represent increased CAD risks. In contrast, apoA-I remained negatively associated with CAD risk in both studies.
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van der Steeg WA, Holme I, Boekholdt SM, et al. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein particle size, and apolipoprotein A-I: significance for cardiovascular risk: The IDEAL and EPIC-Norfolk studies. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008; 51:634-642. This important post-hoc analysis of IDEAL and EPIC-Norfolk studies examined the relationship between HDL-cholesterol, HDL particle size and apoA-I, and incidence of CAD. The authors found that very high HDL-cholesterol and larger HDL particles may represent increased CAD risks. In contrast, apoA-I remained negatively associated with CAD risk in both studies.
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10
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35649005430
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Apolipoprotein A-II is inversely associated with risk of future coronary artery disease
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In a nested case-control study EPIC-Norfolk study, apoA-II was associated with a decreased risk of future CAD in apparently healthy people even after adjustment for apoA-I, HDL-cholesterol and HDL particle size. The findings imply that apoA-II may have a specific antiatherosclerotic effect
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Birjmohun RS, Dallinga-Thie GM, Kuivenhoven JA, et al. Apolipoprotein A-II is inversely associated with risk of future coronary artery disease. Circulation 2007; 116:2029-2035. In a nested case-control study (EPIC-Norfolk study), apoA-II was associated with a decreased risk of future CAD in apparently healthy people even after adjustment for apoA-I, HDL-cholesterol and HDL particle size. The findings imply that apoA-II may have a specific antiatherosclerotic effect.
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(2007)
Circulation
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, pp. 2029-2035
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Birjmohun, R.S.1
Dallinga-Thie, G.M.2
Kuivenhoven, J.A.3
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11
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Very low high-density lipoproteins without coronary atherosclerosis
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Rader DJ, Ikewaki K, Duverger N, et al. Very low high-density lipoproteins without coronary atherosclerosis. Lancet 1993; 342:1455-1458.
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Ikewaki, K.2
Duverger, N.3
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12
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4444382796
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Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTER-HEART study): Case-control study
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Yusuf S, Hawken S, Ounpuu S, et al. Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTER-HEART study): case-control study. Lancet 2004; 364:937-952.
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Yusuf, S.1
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13
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33750897238
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Simultaneous low-density lipoprotein-C lowering and high-density lipoprotein-C elevation for optimum cardiovascular disease prevention with various drug classes, and their combinations: A meta-analysis of 23 randomized lipid trials
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Brown BG, Stukovsky KH, Zhao XQ. Simultaneous low-density lipoprotein-C lowering and high-density lipoprotein-C elevation for optimum cardiovascular disease prevention with various drug classes, and their combinations: a meta-analysis of 23 randomized lipid trials. Curr Opin Lipidol 2006; 17:631-636.
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Curr Opin Lipidol
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Brown, B.G.1
Stukovsky, K.H.2
Zhao, X.Q.3
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14
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Cannon CP, Steinberg BA, Murphy SA, et al. Meta-analysis of cardiovascular outcomes trials comparing intensive versus moderate statin therapy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006; 48:438-445.
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Cannon, C.P.1
Steinberg, B.A.2
Murphy, S.A.3
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15
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15944410609
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Intensive lipid lowering with atorvastatin in patients with stable coronary disease
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LaRosa JC, Grundy SM, Waters DD, et al. Intensive lipid lowering with atorvastatin in patients with stable coronary disease. N Engl J Med 2005; 352:1425-1435.
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LaRosa, J.C.1
Grundy, S.M.2
Waters, D.D.3
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16
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MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol-lowering with simvastatin in 5963 people with diabetes: A randomised placebo-controlled trial
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Collins R, Armitage J, Parish S, et al. MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol-lowering with simvastatin in 5963 people with diabetes: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2003; 361:2005-2016.
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Collins, R.1
Armitage, J.2
Parish, S.3
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17
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34748887666
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HDL cholesterol, very low levels of LDL cholesterol, and cardiovascular events
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In this post hoc analysis of the Treatment to New Targets (TNT) study, HDL-cholesterol levels remained a significant predictor of major cardiovascular events in statin-treated patients with low LDL-cholesterol levels
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Barter P, Gotto AM, LaRosa JC, et al. HDL cholesterol, very low levels of LDL cholesterol, and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med 2007; 357:1301-1310. In this post hoc analysis of the Treatment to New Targets (TNT) study, HDL-cholesterol levels remained a significant predictor of major cardiovascular events in statin-treated patients with low LDL-cholesterol levels.
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N Engl J Med
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, pp. 1301-1310
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Barter, P.1
Gotto, A.M.2
LaRosa, J.C.3
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18
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Nissen SE, Nicholls SJ, Sipahi I, et al. Effect of very high-intensity statin therapy on regression of coronary atherosclerosis: the ASTEROID trial. JAMA 2006; 295:1556-1565. The authors examined the effect of very high-intensity statin therapy on the regression of coronary atherosclerosis. They found that rosuvastatin (40 mg/day) achieved a significant regression of atherosclerosis as assessed by IVUS measures of disease burden, supporting the use of high-dose statin in secondary cardiovascular prevention.
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Nissen SE, Nicholls SJ, Sipahi I, et al. Effect of very high-intensity statin therapy on regression of coronary atherosclerosis: the ASTEROID trial. JAMA 2006; 295:1556-1565. The authors examined the effect of very high-intensity statin therapy on the regression of coronary atherosclerosis. They found that rosuvastatin (40 mg/day) achieved a significant regression of atherosclerosis as assessed by IVUS measures of disease burden, supporting the use of high-dose statin in secondary cardiovascular prevention.
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19
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33751217682
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The effect of 24 months of combination statin and extended-release niacin on carotid intima-media thickness: ARBITER 3
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Taylor AJ, Lee HJ, Sullenberger LE. The effect of 24 months of combination statin and extended-release niacin on carotid intima-media thickness: ARBITER 3. Curr Med Res Opin 2006; 22:2243-2250.
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Taylor, A.J.1
Lee, H.J.2
Sullenberger, L.E.3
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20
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10044281651
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Arterial biology for the Investigation of the Treatment Effects of Reducing Cholesterol (ARBITER) 2: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of extended-release niacin on atherosclerosis progression in secondary prevention patients treated with statins
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Taylor AJ, Sullenberger LE, Lee HJ, et al. Arterial biology for the Investigation of the Treatment Effects of Reducing Cholesterol (ARBITER) 2: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of extended-release niacin on atherosclerosis progression in secondary prevention patients treated with statins. Circulation 2004; 110:3512-3517.
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, pp. 3512-3517
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Taylor, A.J.1
Sullenberger, L.E.2
Lee, H.J.3
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21
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28044452217
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Effects of long-term fenofibrate therapy on cardiovascular events in 9795 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (the FIELD study): Randomised controlled trial
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Keech A, Simes RJ, Barter P, et al. Effects of long-term fenofibrate therapy on cardiovascular events in 9795 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (the FIELD study): randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2005; 366:1849-1861.
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Keech, A.1
Simes, R.J.2
Barter, P.3
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22
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36049001784
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Effect of fenofibrate on the need for laser treatment for diabetic retinopathy (FIELD study): A randomised controlled trial
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Keech AC, Mitchell P, Summanen PA, et al. Effect of fenofibrate on the need for laser treatment for diabetic retinopathy (FIELD study): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2007; 370:1687-1697.
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Keech, A.C.1
Mitchell, P.2
Summanen, P.A.3
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23
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34548488210
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Long-term effects of fenofibrate on VLDL and HDL subspecies in participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus
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This subanalysis from FIELD showed no long-term effect of fenofibrate on HDL-cholesterol and apoA-I levels. Fenofibrate markedly shifted HDL subspecies towards smaller particles, implying a potential impact on HDL functionality
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Hiukka A, Leinonen E, Jauhiainen M, et al. Long-term effects of fenofibrate on VLDL and HDL subspecies in participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 2007; 50:2067-2075. This subanalysis from FIELD showed no long-term effect of fenofibrate on HDL-cholesterol and apoA-I levels. Fenofibrate markedly shifted HDL subspecies towards smaller particles, implying a potential impact on HDL functionality.
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(2007)
Diabetologia
, vol.50
, pp. 2067-2075
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Hiukka, A.1
Leinonen, E.2
Jauhiainen, M.3
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24
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Effect of recombinant ApoA-I milano on coronary atherosclerosis in patients with acute coronary syndromes: A randomized controlled trial
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Nissen SE, Tsunoda T, Tuzcu EM, et al. Effect of recombinant ApoA-I milano on coronary atherosclerosis in patients with acute coronary syndromes: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2003; 290:2292-2300.
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Nissen, S.E.1
Tsunoda, T.2
Tuzcu, E.M.3
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25
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Effects of reconstituted high-density lipoprotein infusions on coronary atherosclerosis: A randomized controlled trial
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Tardif JC, Gregoire J, L'Allier PL, et al. Effects of reconstituted high-density lipoprotein infusions on coronary atherosclerosis: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2007; 297:1675-1682.
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JAMA
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Tardif, J.C.1
Gregoire, J.2
L'Allier, P.L.3
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27
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38849140840
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Is raising HDL a futile strategy for atheroprotection?
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Joy T, Hegele RA. Is raising HDL a futile strategy for atheroprotection? Nat Rev Drug Discov 2008; 7:143-155.
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Joy, T.1
Hegele, R.A.2
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28
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33847368173
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Shotgun proteomics implicates protease inhibition and complement activation in the antiinflammatory properties of HDL
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This study investigated the biochemical composition of HDL isolated from healthy individuals and patients with CAD using shotgun proteomics. The findings suggest that HDL functionality extends to roles in the regulation of the complement system and tissue proteolysis
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Vaisar T, Pennathur S, Green PS, et al. Shotgun proteomics implicates protease inhibition and complement activation in the antiinflammatory properties of HDL. J Clin Invest 2007; 117:746-756. This study investigated the biochemical composition of HDL isolated from healthy individuals and patients with CAD using shotgun proteomics. The findings suggest that HDL functionality extends to roles in the regulation of the complement system and tissue proteolysis.
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(2007)
J Clin Invest
, vol.117
, pp. 746-756
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Vaisar, T.1
Pennathur, S.2
Green, P.S.3
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29
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New insights into the regulation of HDL metabolism and reverse cholesterol transport
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Lewis GF, Rader DJ. New insights into the regulation of HDL metabolism and reverse cholesterol transport. Circ Res 2005; 96:1221-1232.
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(2005)
Circ Res
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Lewis, G.F.1
Rader, D.J.2
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Provides useful updates on HDL metabolism and reverse cholesterol transport and their roles in CVD
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Rader DJ. Mechanisms of disease: HDL metabolism as a target for novel therapies. Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med 2007; 4:102-109. Provides useful updates on HDL metabolism and reverse cholesterol transport and their roles in CVD.
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Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med
, vol.4
, pp. 102-109
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Rader, D.J.1
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31
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Design and analysis of lipoprotein tracer kinetics studies in humans
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Barrett PH, Chan DC, Watts GF. Design and analysis of lipoprotein tracer kinetics studies in humans. J Lipid Res 2006; 47:1607-1619.
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J Lipid Res
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What have we learned about HDL metabolism from kinetics studies in humans?
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Rashid S, Patterson BW, Lewis GF. What have we learned about HDL metabolism from kinetics studies in humans? J Lipid Res 2006; 47:1631-1642.
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J Lipid Res
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Chan DC, Barrett PH, Watts GF. Recent studies of lipoprotein kinetics in the metabolic syndrome and related disorders. Curr Opin Lipidol 2006; 17:28-36.
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Verges B, Petit JM, Duvillard L, et al. Adiponectin is an important determinant of apoA-I catabolism. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2006; 26:1364-1369. First report of an association between low adiponectin and hypercatabolism of HDL-apoA-I in the metabolic syndrome.
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Verges B, Petit JM, Duvillard L, et al. Adiponectin is an important determinant of apoA-I catabolism. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2006; 26:1364-1369. First report of an association between low adiponectin and hypercatabolism of HDL-apoA-I in the metabolic syndrome.
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Measurement of cholesterol efflux, and global reverse cholesterol transport rates In vivo with stable isotopes
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