메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 83, Issue , 2008, Pages 181-204

Chapter 10 Teratogenicity and Antiepileptic Drugs. Potential Mechanisms

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTICONVULSIVE AGENT; TERATOGENIC AGENT;

EID: 53049105249     PISSN: 00747742     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/S0074-7742(08)00010-X     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (8)

References (166)
  • 1
    • 0028109831 scopus 로고
    • The contribution of maternal epilepsy and its treatment to the etiology of oral clefts: A population based case-control study
    • Abrishamchian A.R., Khoury M.J., and Calle E.E. The contribution of maternal epilepsy and its treatment to the etiology of oral clefts: A population based case-control study. Genet. Epidemiol. 11 4 (1994) 343-351
    • (1994) Genet. Epidemiol. , vol.11 , Issue.4 , pp. 343-351
    • Abrishamchian, A.R.1    Khoury, M.J.2    Calle, E.E.3
  • 2
    • 0017127533 scopus 로고
    • Cardiac defects in children of mothers receiving anticonvulsant therapy during pregnancy
    • Anderson R.C. Cardiac defects in children of mothers receiving anticonvulsant therapy during pregnancy. J. Pediatr. 89 (1976) 318-319
    • (1976) J. Pediatr. , vol.89 , pp. 318-319
    • Anderson, R.C.1
  • 3
    • 0344639373 scopus 로고
    • The frequency of malformations in relative of patients with epilepsy
    • Janz D., Dam M., Bossi L., Helge H., Richens A., and Schmidt D. (Eds), Raven Press, New York
    • Annegers J.F., and Hauser I. The frequency of malformations in relative of patients with epilepsy. In: Janz D., Dam M., Bossi L., Helge H., Richens A., and Schmidt D. (Eds). Epilepsy, Pregnancy, and the Child (1982), Raven Press, New York 263-267
    • (1982) Epilepsy, Pregnancy, and the Child , pp. 263-267
    • Annegers, J.F.1    Hauser, I.2
  • 4
    • 0016288808 scopus 로고
    • Do anticonvulsants have a teratogenic effect?
    • Annegers J.F., Elveback L.R., Hauser W.A., et al. Do anticonvulsants have a teratogenic effect?. Arch. Neurol. 31 6 (1974) 364-373
    • (1974) Arch. Neurol. , vol.31 , Issue.6 , pp. 364-373
    • Annegers, J.F.1    Elveback, L.R.2    Hauser, W.A.3
  • 5
    • 0018132159 scopus 로고
    • Congenital malformations and seizure disorders in the offspring of parents with epilepsy
    • Annegers J.F., Hauser W.A., Elveback L.R., et al. Congenital malformations and seizure disorders in the offspring of parents with epilepsy. Int. J. Epidemiol. 7 3 (1978) 241-247
    • (1978) Int. J. Epidemiol. , vol.7 , Issue.3 , pp. 241-247
    • Annegers, J.F.1    Hauser, W.A.2    Elveback, L.R.3
  • 6
    • 0034914397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of teratogenic risk
    • Battino D. Assessment of teratogenic risk. Epilepsy Res. 45 1-3 (2001) 171-173
    • (2001) Epilepsy Res. , vol.45 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 171-173
    • Battino, D.1
  • 7
    • 0025017481 scopus 로고
    • Diabetes mellitus during pregnancy and the risks for specific birth defects: A population based case control study
    • Becerra J.E., Khoury M.J., Cordero J.F., and Erickson J.D. Diabetes mellitus during pregnancy and the risks for specific birth defects: A population based case control study. Pediatrics 85 (1990) 1-9
    • (1990) Pediatrics , vol.85 , pp. 1-9
    • Becerra, J.E.1    Khoury, M.J.2    Cordero, J.F.3    Erickson, J.D.4
  • 8
    • 0001958729 scopus 로고
    • Malformations and minor anomalies in the offspring of epileptic parents: A retrospective study
    • Janz D., Dam M., Bossi L., Helge H., Richens A., and Schmidt D. (Eds), Raven Press, New York
    • Beck-Mannagetta G., and Drees G.D.J. Malformations and minor anomalies in the offspring of epileptic parents: A retrospective study. In: Janz D., Dam M., Bossi L., Helge H., Richens A., and Schmidt D. (Eds). Epilepsy, Pregnancy, and the Child (1982), Raven Press, New York 317-323
    • (1982) Epilepsy, Pregnancy, and the Child , pp. 317-323
    • Beck-Mannagetta, G.1    Drees, G.D.J.2
  • 9
    • 0023525648 scopus 로고
    • Anticonvulsant drugs in monotherapy. Effect on the fetus
    • Bertollini R., Kallen B., Mastroiacovo P., et al. Anticonvulsant drugs in monotherapy. Effect on the fetus. Eur. J. Epidemiol. 3 2 (1987) 164-171
    • (1987) Eur. J. Epidemiol. , vol.3 , Issue.2 , pp. 164-171
    • Bertollini, R.1    Kallen, B.2    Mastroiacovo, P.3
  • 10
    • 0021710363 scopus 로고
    • Effect of folic acid supplementation on congenital malformations due to anticonvulsive drugs
    • Biale Y., and Lewenthal H. Effect of folic acid supplementation on congenital malformations due to anticonvulsive drugs. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 18 4 (1984) 211-216
    • (1984) Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. , vol.18 , Issue.4 , pp. 211-216
    • Biale, Y.1    Lewenthal, H.2
  • 12
    • 0026556282 scopus 로고
    • Periconceptual vitamin supplementation and neural tube defects: Evidence form a case control study in Western Australia and a review of recent publications
    • Bower C., and Stanley F.J. Periconceptual vitamin supplementation and neural tube defects: Evidence form a case control study in Western Australia and a review of recent publications. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 46 (1992) 157-161
    • (1992) J. Epidemiol. Community Health , vol.46 , pp. 157-161
    • Bower, C.1    Stanley, F.J.2
  • 13
    • 0032869050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Malformations in offspring of women with epilepsy: A prospective study
    • Canger R., Battino D., Canevini M.P., et al. Malformations in offspring of women with epilepsy: A prospective study. Epilepsia 40 9 (1999) 1231-1236
    • (1999) Epilepsia , vol.40 , Issue.9 , pp. 1231-1236
    • Canger, R.1    Battino, D.2    Canevini, M.P.3
  • 14
    • 0013799989 scopus 로고
    • The "digito-cardiac" malformative syndrome (Holt-Oram): Genetic forms and phenocopy. Probable teratogenic action of antiepileptic drugs]
    • Centa A., and Rasore-Quartino A. The "digito-cardiac" malformative syndrome (Holt-Oram): Genetic forms and phenocopy. Probable teratogenic action of antiepileptic drugs]. Pathologica 57 853 (1965) 227-232
    • (1965) Pathologica , vol.57 , Issue.853 , pp. 227-232
    • Centa, A.1    Rasore-Quartino, A.2
  • 15
    • 0020493435 scopus 로고
    • Valproic acid and spina bifida: A preliminary report-France
    • Centers for Disease Control (CDC)
    • Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Valproic acid and spina bifida: A preliminary report-France. MMWR Morbid. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 31 42 (1982) 565-566
    • (1982) MMWR Morbid. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. , vol.31 , Issue.42 , pp. 565-566
  • 17
    • 0019833236 scopus 로고
    • Possible teratogenic effect of valproic acid
    • Clay S.A., McVie R., and Chen H.C. Possible teratogenic effect of valproic acid. J. Pediatr. 98 (1981) 828
    • (1981) J. Pediatr. , vol.98 , pp. 828
    • Clay, S.A.1    McVie, R.2    Chen, H.C.3
  • 18
    • 0033150223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Failure of preconceptual folic acid to prevent a neural tube defect in the offspring of a mother taking sodium valproate
    • Craig J., Morrison P., Morrow J., and Patteerson V. Failure of preconceptual folic acid to prevent a neural tube defect in the offspring of a mother taking sodium valproate. Seizure 8 (1999) 253-254
    • (1999) Seizure , vol.8 , pp. 253-254
    • Craig, J.1    Morrison, P.2    Morrow, J.3    Patteerson, V.4
  • 19
    • 0027080461 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of the first occurrence of neural tube defects by preconceptional vitamin supplementation
    • Czeizel A.E., and Dudas I. Prevention of the first occurrence of neural tube defects by preconceptional vitamin supplementation. N. Engl. J. Med. 327 (1992) 1832-1835
    • (1992) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.327 , pp. 1832-1835
    • Czeizel, A.E.1    Dudas, I.2
  • 20
    • 0018825625 scopus 로고
    • Teratogenicity of valproic acid
    • Dalens B., Raynaud E.J., and Gaulme J. Teratogenicity of valproic acid. J. Pediatr. 97 2 (1980) 332-333
    • (1980) J. Pediatr. , vol.97 , Issue.2 , pp. 332-333
    • Dalens, B.1    Raynaud, E.J.2    Gaulme, J.3
  • 21
    • 0034982421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Class III antiarrhythmics and phenytoin: Teratogenicity due to embryonic cardiac dysrhythmia and reoxygenation damage
    • Danielsson B.R., Skold A.C., and Azarbayjani F. Class III antiarrhythmics and phenytoin: Teratogenicity due to embryonic cardiac dysrhythmia and reoxygenation damage. Curr. Pharm. Des. 7 9 (2001) 787-802
    • (2001) Curr. Pharm. Des. , vol.7 , Issue.9 , pp. 787-802
    • Danielsson, B.R.1    Skold, A.C.2    Azarbayjani, F.3
  • 23
    • 0007606189 scopus 로고
    • Maternal epilepsy and congenital malformations: A prospective study with monitoring of plasma anticonvulsant levels during pregnancy
    • Dansky L., Andermann E., Sherwin A.L., et al. Maternal epilepsy and congenital malformations: A prospective study with monitoring of plasma anticonvulsant levels during pregnancy. Neurology 3 (1980) 15
    • (1980) Neurology , vol.3 , pp. 15
    • Dansky, L.1    Andermann, E.2    Sherwin, A.L.3
  • 24
    • 0023156494 scopus 로고
    • Anticonvulsants, folate levels, and pregnancy outcome: A prospective study
    • Dansky L.V., Andermann E., Rosenblatt D., et al. Anticonvulsants, folate levels, and pregnancy outcome: A prospective study. Ann. Neurol. 21 2 (1987) 176-182
    • (1987) Ann. Neurol. , vol.21 , Issue.2 , pp. 176-182
    • Dansky, L.V.1    Andermann, E.2    Rosenblatt, D.3
  • 25
    • 0008342291 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacogenetic susceptibility to phenytoin teratogenesis
    • Wolf P., Dam M., Janz D., and Dreifuss F.E. (Eds), American Psychiatric Press, Washington DC (Advances in Epileptology; Vol. 16)
    • Dansky L.V., Strickler S.M., Andermann E., Miller M.A., Seni M.H., and Spielberg S.P. Pharmacogenetic susceptibility to phenytoin teratogenesis. In: Wolf P., Dam M., Janz D., and Dreifuss F.E. (Eds). The XIIth Epilepsy International Symposium (1987), American Psychiatric Press, Washington DC 555-559 (Advances in Epileptology; Vol. 16)
    • (1987) The XIIth Epilepsy International Symposium , pp. 555-559
    • Dansky, L.V.1    Strickler, S.M.2    Andermann, E.3    Miller, M.A.4    Seni, M.H.5    Spielberg, S.P.6
  • 27
    • 0036257073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long term health and neurodevelopment in children exposed to antiepileptic drugs before birth
    • Dean J.C., Hailey H., Moore S.J., et al. Long term health and neurodevelopment in children exposed to antiepileptic drugs before birth. J. Med. Genet. 39 4 (2002) 251-259
    • (2002) J. Med. Genet. , vol.39 , Issue.4 , pp. 251-259
    • Dean, J.C.1    Hailey, H.2    Moore, S.J.3
  • 28
    • 0018742517 scopus 로고
    • Transmission of valproic acid (Depakene) across the placenta: Half-life of the drug in mother and baby
    • Dickinson R.G., Harland R.C., Lynn R.K., BrewsterSmith W., and Gerber N. Transmission of valproic acid (Depakene) across the placenta: Half-life of the drug in mother and baby. J. Pediatr. 94 (1979) 832-835
    • (1979) J. Pediatr. , vol.94 , pp. 832-835
    • Dickinson, R.G.1    Harland, R.C.2    Lynn, R.K.3    BrewsterSmith, W.4    Gerber, N.5
  • 31
    • 0015223173 scopus 로고
    • Congenital abnormalities, cleft lip and cleft palate in particular, in children of epileptic mothers
    • Elshove J., and van Eck J.H. Congenital abnormalities, cleft lip and cleft palate in particular, in children of epileptic mothers. Ned. Tijdschr. Geneeskd. 115 33 (1971) 1371-1375
    • (1971) Ned. Tijdschr. Geneeskd. , vol.115 , Issue.33 , pp. 1371-1375
    • Elshove, J.1    van Eck, J.H.2
  • 32
    • 0016148249 scopus 로고
    • Facial and oral form in sibs of children with cleft lip with or without cleft palate
    • Erickson J.D. Facial and oral form in sibs of children with cleft lip with or without cleft palate. Ann. Hum. Genet. 38 1 (1974) 77-88
    • (1974) Ann. Hum. Genet. , vol.38 , Issue.1 , pp. 77-88
    • Erickson, J.D.1
  • 33
    • 0015945110 scopus 로고
    • Seizure disorder in mothers of children with orofacial clefts: A case-control study
    • Erickson J.D., and Oakley G.P. Seizure disorder in mothers of children with orofacial clefts: A case-control study. J. Pediatr. 84 2 (1974) 244-246
    • (1974) J. Pediatr. , vol.84 , Issue.2 , pp. 244-246
    • Erickson, J.D.1    Oakley, G.P.2
  • 34
    • 0033968253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A mouse model for valproate teratogenicity: Parental effects, homeotic transformations, and altered HOX expression
    • Faiella A., Wernig M., Consalez G.G., et al. A mouse model for valproate teratogenicity: Parental effects, homeotic transformations, and altered HOX expression. Hum. Mol. Genet. 9 2 (2000) 227-236
    • (2000) Hum. Mol. Genet. , vol.9 , Issue.2 , pp. 227-236
    • Faiella, A.1    Wernig, M.2    Consalez, G.G.3
  • 35
    • 0015858755 scopus 로고
    • Epilepsy and pregnancy: A report from the Oxford record linkage study
    • Fedrick J. Epilepsy and pregnancy: A report from the Oxford record linkage study. Br. Med. J. 2 5864 (1973) 442-448
    • (1973) Br. Med. J. , vol.2 , Issue.5864 , pp. 442-448
    • Fedrick, J.1
  • 36
    • 0020961246 scopus 로고
    • Hydantoin-induced teratogenesis: Are arene oxide intermediates really responsible?
    • Finnell R.H., and DiLiberti J.H. Hydantoin-induced teratogenesis: Are arene oxide intermediates really responsible?. Helv. Paediatr. Acta 38 2 (1983) 171-177
    • (1983) Helv. Paediatr. Acta , vol.38 , Issue.2 , pp. 171-177
    • Finnell, R.H.1    DiLiberti, J.H.2
  • 37
    • 0028936541 scopus 로고
    • Nutritional patterns of mothers of children with neural tube defects in Newfoundland
    • Freil J.K., Frecker M., and Fraser F.C. Nutritional patterns of mothers of children with neural tube defects in Newfoundland. Am. J. Med. Genet. 55 (1995) 195-199
    • (1995) Am. J. Med. Genet. , vol.55 , pp. 195-199
    • Freil, J.K.1    Frecker, M.2    Fraser, F.C.3
  • 38
    • 1542315305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Malformation rates in children of women with untreated epilepsy: A meta-analysis
    • Fried S., Kozer E., Nulman I., et al. Malformation rates in children of women with untreated epilepsy: A meta-analysis. Drug Saf. 27 3 (2004) 197-202
    • (2004) Drug Saf. , vol.27 , Issue.3 , pp. 197-202
    • Fried, S.1    Kozer, E.2    Nulman, I.3
  • 39
    • 0018352357 scopus 로고
    • Epilepsy among parents of children with facial clefts
    • Friis M.L. Epilepsy among parents of children with facial clefts. Epilepsia 20 1 (1979) 69-76
    • (1979) Epilepsia , vol.20 , Issue.1 , pp. 69-76
    • Friis, M.L.1
  • 40
    • 0021912357 scopus 로고
    • Congenital heart defects in live-born children of epileptic parents
    • Friis M.L., and Hauge M. Congenital heart defects in live-born children of epileptic parents. Arch. Neurol. 42 4 (1985) 374-376
    • (1985) Arch. Neurol. , vol.42 , Issue.4 , pp. 374-376
    • Friis, M.L.1    Hauge, M.2
  • 41
    • 0022648475 scopus 로고
    • Facial clefts in sibs and children of epileptic patients
    • Friis M.L., Holm N.V., Sindrup E.H., et al. Facial clefts in sibs and children of epileptic patients. Neurology 36 3 (1986) 346-350
    • (1986) Neurology , vol.36 , Issue.3 , pp. 346-350
    • Friis, M.L.1    Holm, N.V.2    Sindrup, E.H.3
  • 42
    • 0023626756 scopus 로고
    • Epilepsy among parents of children with cleft lip and palate
    • Gadoth N., Millo Y., Taube E., and Bechar M. Epilepsy among parents of children with cleft lip and palate. Brain Dev. 9 3 (1987) 296-299
    • (1987) Brain Dev. , vol.9 , Issue.3 , pp. 296-299
    • Gadoth, N.1    Millo, Y.2    Taube, E.3    Bechar, M.4
  • 43
    • 1542375431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Valproate activates phosphodiesterase-mediated cAMP degradation: Relevance to C6 glioma G1 phase progression
    • Gallagher H.C., Bacon C.L., Odumeru O.A., et al. Valproate activates phosphodiesterase-mediated cAMP degradation: Relevance to C6 glioma G1 phase progression. Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 26 1 (2004) 73-81
    • (2004) Neurotoxicol. Teratol. , vol.26 , Issue.1 , pp. 73-81
    • Gallagher, H.C.1    Bacon, C.L.2    Odumeru, O.A.3
  • 44
    • 0034961955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microlissencephaly with cardiac, spinal and urogenital defects
    • Gardner R.J., Savarirayan R., Dunne K.B., et al. Microlissencephaly with cardiac, spinal and urogenital defects. Clin. Dysmorphol. 10 3 (2001) 203-208
    • (2001) Clin. Dysmorphol. , vol.10 , Issue.3 , pp. 203-208
    • Gardner, R.J.1    Savarirayan, R.2    Dunne, K.B.3
  • 45
    • 0032990542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phenytoin-induced alterations in craniofacial gene expression
    • Gelineau-van Waes J., Bennett G.D., and Finnell R.H. Phenytoin-induced alterations in craniofacial gene expression. Teratology 59 1 (1999) 23-34
    • (1999) Teratology , vol.59 , Issue.1 , pp. 23-34
    • Gelineau-van Waes, J.1    Bennett, G.D.2    Finnell, R.H.3
  • 46
    • 0014836037 scopus 로고
    • Possible teratogenicity of trimethadione and paramethadione
    • German J., Ehlers K.H., Kowal A., et al. Possible teratogenicity of trimethadione and paramethadione. Lancet 2 7666 (1970) 261-262
    • (1970) Lancet , vol.2 , Issue.7666 , pp. 261-262
    • German, J.1    Ehlers, K.H.2    Kowal, A.3
  • 47
    • 0023627563 scopus 로고
    • Elevated glucocorticoid receptor levels in lymphocytes of children with the fetal hydantoin syndrome
    • Goldman A.S., Van Dyke D.C., Gupta C., and Katsumata M. Elevated glucocorticoid receptor levels in lymphocytes of children with the fetal hydantoin syndrome. Am. J. Med. Genet. 28 (1987) 607-618
    • (1987) Am. J. Med. Genet. , vol.28 , pp. 607-618
    • Goldman, A.S.1    Van Dyke, D.C.2    Gupta, C.3    Katsumata, M.4
  • 48
    • 0019423285 scopus 로고
    • Possible teratogenicity of valproic acid
    • Gomez M.R. Possible teratogenicity of valproic acid. J. Pediatr. 9 (1981) 508
    • (1981) J. Pediatr. , vol.9 , pp. 508
    • Gomez, M.R.1
  • 49
    • 18244383806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Valproic acid defines a novel class of HDAC inhibitors inducing differentiation of transformed cells
    • Gottlicher M., Minucci S., Zhu P., et al. Valproic acid defines a novel class of HDAC inhibitors inducing differentiation of transformed cells. Embo J. 20 24 (2001) 6969-6978
    • (2001) Embo J. , vol.20 , Issue.24 , pp. 6969-6978
    • Gottlicher, M.1    Minucci, S.2    Zhu, P.3
  • 50
    • 21744448183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of valproate-induced teratogenesis with histone deacetylase inhibition in vivo
    • Gurvich N., Berman M.G., Wittner B.S., et al. Association of valproate-induced teratogenesis with histone deacetylase inhibition in vivo. Faseb J. 19 9 (2005) 1166-1168
    • (2005) Faseb J. , vol.19 , Issue.9 , pp. 1166-1168
    • Gurvich, N.1    Berman, M.G.2    Wittner, B.S.3
  • 51
    • 0025801759 scopus 로고
    • Lack of attenuation of valproic acid induced effects by folinic acid in rat embryos in vitro
    • Hansen D.K., and Grafton T.F. Lack of attenuation of valproic acid induced effects by folinic acid in rat embryos in vitro. Teratology 43 (1991) 575-582
    • (1991) Teratology , vol.43 , pp. 575-582
    • Hansen, D.K.1    Grafton, T.F.2
  • 52
    • 0029612799 scopus 로고
    • Effect of supplemental folic acid on valproic acid induced embryotoxicity and tissue zinc levels in vivo
    • Hansen D.K., Grafton T.F., Dial S.L., Gehring T.A., and Siitonen P.H. Effect of supplemental folic acid on valproic acid induced embryotoxicity and tissue zinc levels in vivo. Teratology 52 (1995) 277-285
    • (1995) Teratology , vol.52 , pp. 277-285
    • Hansen, D.K.1    Grafton, T.F.2    Dial, S.L.3    Gehring, T.A.4    Siitonen, P.H.5
  • 53
    • 0034735832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Folic acid antagonists during pregnancy and the risk of birth defects
    • Hernandez-Diaz S., Werler M.M., Walker A.M., et al. Folic acid antagonists during pregnancy and the risk of birth defects. N. Engl. J. Med. 343 22 (2000) 1608-1614
    • (2000) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.343 , Issue.22 , pp. 1608-1614
    • Hernandez-Diaz, S.1    Werler, M.M.2    Walker, A.M.3
  • 54
    • 19644400695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • North American antiepileptic drug pregnancy registry
    • Holmes L.B., and Wyszynski D.F. North American antiepileptic drug pregnancy registry. Epilepsia 45 11 (2004) 1465
    • (2004) Epilepsia , vol.45 , Issue.11 , pp. 1465
    • Holmes, L.B.1    Wyszynski, D.F.2
  • 55
    • 0035849144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The teratogenicity of anticonvulsant drugs
    • Holmes L.B., Harvey E.A., Coull B.A., et al. The teratogenicity of anticonvulsant drugs. N. Engl. J. Med. 344 15 (2001) 1132-1138
    • (2001) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.344 , Issue.15 , pp. 1132-1138
    • Holmes, L.B.1    Harvey, E.A.2    Coull, B.A.3
  • 56
    • 2442554134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The AED (antiepileptic drug) Pregnancy Registry: A 6-year experience
    • Holmes L.B., Wyszynzki D.F., and Lieberman E. The AED (antiepileptic drug) Pregnancy Registry: A 6-year experience. Arch. Neurol. 61 5 (2004) 673-678
    • (2004) Arch. Neurol. , vol.61 , Issue.5 , pp. 673-678
    • Holmes, L.B.1    Wyszynzki, D.F.2    Lieberman, E.3
  • 58
    • 0032976698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prothrombin and PIVKA-II levels in cord blood from newborn exposed to anticonvulsants during pregnancy
    • Howe A.M., Oakes D.J., Woodman P.D., et al. Prothrombin and PIVKA-II levels in cord blood from newborn exposed to anticonvulsants during pregnancy. Epilepsia 40 7 (1999) 980-984
    • (1999) Epilepsia , vol.40 , Issue.7 , pp. 980-984
    • Howe, A.M.1    Oakes, D.J.2    Woodman, P.D.3
  • 59
    • 0034612151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prenatal exposure of rats to valproic acid reproduces the cerebellar anomalies associated with autism
    • Ingram J.L., Peckham S.M., Tisdale B., et al. Prenatal exposure of rats to valproic acid reproduces the cerebellar anomalies associated with autism. Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 22 3 (2000) 319-324
    • (2000) Neurotoxicol. Teratol. , vol.22 , Issue.3 , pp. 319-324
    • Ingram, J.L.1    Peckham, S.M.2    Tisdale, B.3
  • 60
    • 84961015530 scopus 로고
    • Sind antiepileptische Medikamente waehrend der Schwangerschaft schaedlich?
    • Janz D., and Fuchs U. Sind antiepileptische Medikamente waehrend der Schwangerschaft schaedlich?. Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr. 89 (1964) 241-243
    • (1964) Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr. , vol.89 , pp. 241-243
    • Janz, D.1    Fuchs, U.2
  • 61
    • 0021242995 scopus 로고
    • Non dose related side effects of valproate
    • Jeavons P.M. Non dose related side effects of valproate. Epilepsia 25 Suppl. 1 (1984) 550-555
    • (1984) Epilepsia , vol.25 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 550-555
    • Jeavons, P.M.1
  • 62
    • 0016228330 scopus 로고
    • Arene oxides: A new aspect of drug metabolism
    • Jerina D.M., and Daly J.W. Arene oxides: A new aspect of drug metabolism. Science 185 (1974) 573
    • (1974) Science , vol.185 , pp. 573
    • Jerina, D.M.1    Daly, J.W.2
  • 63
    • 0031009484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anticonvulsants and congenital malformations
    • Jick S.S., and Terris B.Z. Anticonvulsants and congenital malformations. Pharmacotherapy 17 3 (1997) 561-564
    • (1997) Pharmacotherapy , vol.17 , Issue.3 , pp. 561-564
    • Jick, S.S.1    Terris, B.Z.2
  • 64
    • 0037465533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Major malformations in offspring of women with epilepsy
    • Kaaja E., Kaaja R., and Hiilesmaa V. Major malformations in offspring of women with epilepsy. Neurology 60 4 (2003) 575-579
    • (2003) Neurology , vol.60 , Issue.4 , pp. 575-579
    • Kaaja, E.1    Kaaja, R.2    Hiilesmaa, V.3
  • 65
    • 0022619254 scopus 로고
    • A register study of maternal epilepsy and delivery outcome with special reference to drug use
    • Kallen B. A register study of maternal epilepsy and delivery outcome with special reference to drug use. Acta Neurol. Scand. 73 3 (1986) 253-259
    • (1986) Acta Neurol. Scand. , vol.73 , Issue.3 , pp. 253-259
    • Kallen, B.1
  • 66
    • 0028426919 scopus 로고
    • Maternal carbamazepine and infant spina bifida
    • Kallen B. Maternal carbamazepine and infant spina bifida. Reprod. Toxicol. 8 (1994) 203-205
    • (1994) Reprod. Toxicol. , vol.8 , pp. 203-205
    • Kallen, B.1
  • 68
    • 0033066533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Congenital malformations due to antiepileptic drugs
    • Kaneko S., Battino D., Andermann E., et al. Congenital malformations due to antiepileptic drugs. Epilepsy Res. 33 2-3 (1999) 145-158
    • (1999) Epilepsy Res. , vol.33 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 145-158
    • Kaneko, S.1    Battino, D.2    Andermann, E.3
  • 70
    • 0346025629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Axial skeletal and Hox expression domain alterations induced by retinoic acid, valproic acid, and bromoxynil during murine development
    • Kawanishi C.Y., Hartig P., Bobseine K.L., et al. Axial skeletal and Hox expression domain alterations induced by retinoic acid, valproic acid, and bromoxynil during murine development. J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol. 17 6 (2003) 346-356
    • (2003) J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol. , vol.17 , Issue.6 , pp. 346-356
    • Kawanishi, C.Y.1    Hartig, P.2    Bobseine, K.L.3
  • 71
    • 0021747829 scopus 로고
    • Teratogenicity of anticonvulsant drugs. II: A prospective study
    • Kelly T.E., Edwards P., Rein M., et al. Teratogenicity of anticonvulsant drugs. II: A prospective study. Am. J. Med. Genet. 19 3 (1984) 435-443
    • (1984) Am. J. Med. Genet. , vol.19 , Issue.3 , pp. 435-443
    • Kelly, T.E.1    Edwards, P.2    Rein, M.3
  • 72
    • 0021681084 scopus 로고
    • Teratogenicity of anticonvulsant drugs. IV: The association of clefting and epilepsy
    • Kelly T.E., Rein M., and Edwards P. Teratogenicity of anticonvulsant drugs. IV: The association of clefting and epilepsy. Am. J. Med. Genet. 19 3 (1984) 451-458
    • (1984) Am. J. Med. Genet. , vol.19 , Issue.3 , pp. 451-458
    • Kelly, T.E.1    Rein, M.2    Edwards, P.3
  • 73
    • 0024347786 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of human microsomal epoxide hydrolase by valproate and valpromide: In vitro/in vivo correlation
    • Kerr B.M., Rettie A.E., and Eddy A.C. Inhibition of human microsomal epoxide hydrolase by valproate and valpromide: In vitro/in vivo correlation. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 46 (1989) 82-93
    • (1989) Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. , vol.46 , pp. 82-93
    • Kerr, B.M.1    Rettie, A.E.2    Eddy, A.C.3
  • 74
    • 0026618808 scopus 로고
    • A randomized trial of low dose folic acid to prevent neural tube defects
    • Kirke P.N., Daly L.E., and Elwood J.H. A randomized trial of low dose folic acid to prevent neural tube defects. Arch. Dis. Child 67 (1992) 1442-1446
    • (1992) Arch. Dis. Child , vol.67 , pp. 1442-1446
    • Kirke, P.N.1    Daly, L.E.2    Elwood, J.H.3
  • 76
    • 0026844611 scopus 로고
    • Major and minor birth malformations and antiepileptic drugs
    • Koch S., Losche G., Jager-Roman E., et al. Major and minor birth malformations and antiepileptic drugs. Neurology 42 4 Suppl. 5 (1992) 83-88
    • (1992) Neurology , vol.42 , Issue.4 SUPPL. 5 , pp. 83-88
    • Koch, S.1    Losche, G.2    Jager-Roman, E.3
  • 77
    • 0035863662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Valproic acid embryopathy: Report of two siblings with further expansion of the phenotypic abnormalities and a review of the literature
    • Kozma C. Valproic acid embryopathy: Report of two siblings with further expansion of the phenotypic abnormalities and a review of the literature. Am. J. Med. Genet. 98 2 (2001) 168-175
    • (2001) Am. J. Med. Genet. , vol.98 , Issue.2 , pp. 168-175
    • Kozma, C.1
  • 78
    • 0024594001 scopus 로고
    • In vitro bioactivation of phenytoin to a reactive free radical intermediate by prostaglandin synthetase, horseradish peroxidase, and thyroid peroxidase
    • Kubow S., and Wells P.G. In vitro bioactivation of phenytoin to a reactive free radical intermediate by prostaglandin synthetase, horseradish peroxidase, and thyroid peroxidase. Mol. Pharmacol. 35 (1989) 504-511
    • (1989) Mol. Pharmacol. , vol.35 , pp. 504-511
    • Kubow, S.1    Wells, P.G.2
  • 79
    • 0019476413 scopus 로고
    • Double blind randomized controlled trial of folate treatment before conception to prevent recurrence of neural tube defects
    • Laurence K.M., James J., Miller M.H., Tennant G.B., and Campbell H. Double blind randomized controlled trial of folate treatment before conception to prevent recurrence of neural tube defects. BMJ 282 (1981) 1509-1511
    • (1981) BMJ , vol.282 , pp. 1509-1511
    • Laurence, K.M.1    James, J.2    Miller, M.H.3    Tennant, G.B.4    Campbell, H.5
  • 80
    • 0016215879 scopus 로고
    • Fetal pathology in rats following uterine vessel clamping on day 14 of gestation
    • Leist K.H., and Grauwiler J. Fetal pathology in rats following uterine vessel clamping on day 14 of gestation. Teratology 10 (1974) 55-68
    • (1974) Teratology , vol.10 , pp. 55-68
    • Leist, K.H.1    Grauwiler, J.2
  • 81
    • 53049102452 scopus 로고
    • Commission reviews teratogenesis and genetics in epilepsy
    • Lindhout D. Commission reviews teratogenesis and genetics in epilepsy. World Neurol. 4 (1989) 3-7
    • (1989) World Neurol. , vol.4 , pp. 3-7
    • Lindhout, D.1
  • 82
    • 0021636834 scopus 로고
    • Spina bifida and in-utero exposure to valproate
    • Lindhout D., and Meinardi H. Spina bifida and in-utero exposure to valproate. Lancet 2 8399 (1984) 396
    • (1984) Lancet , vol.2 , Issue.8399 , pp. 396
    • Lindhout, D.1    Meinardi, H.2
  • 83
    • 0026486992 scopus 로고
    • Pregnancy and the risk of teratogenicity
    • Lindhout D., and Omtzigt J.G. Pregnancy and the risk of teratogenicity. Epilepsia 33 Suppl. 4 (1992) S41-S48
    • (1992) Epilepsia , vol.33 , Issue.SUPPL. 4
    • Lindhout, D.1    Omtzigt, J.G.2
  • 84
    • 0022571613 scopus 로고
    • In-utero exposure to valproate and neural tube defects
    • Lindhout D., and Schmidt D. In-utero exposure to valproate and neural tube defects. Lancet 1 8494 (1986) 1392-1393
    • (1986) Lancet , vol.1 , Issue.8494 , pp. 1392-1393
    • Lindhout, D.1    Schmidt, D.2
  • 85
    • 0021332620 scopus 로고
    • Teratogenicity of antiepileptic drug combinations with special emphasis on epoxidation (of carbamazepine)
    • Lindhout D., Hoppener R.J., and Meinardi H. Teratogenicity of antiepileptic drug combinations with special emphasis on epoxidation (of carbamazepine). Epilepsia 25 1 (1984) 77-83
    • (1984) Epilepsia , vol.25 , Issue.1 , pp. 77-83
    • Lindhout, D.1    Hoppener, R.J.2    Meinardi, H.3
  • 86
    • 0026846163 scopus 로고
    • Spectrum of neural-tube defects in 34 infants prenatally exposed to antiepileptic drugs
    • Lindhout D., Omtzigt J.G., and Cornel M.C. Spectrum of neural-tube defects in 34 infants prenatally exposed to antiepileptic drugs. Neurology 42 4 Suppl. 5 (1992) 111-118
    • (1992) Neurology , vol.42 , Issue.4 SUPPL. 5 , pp. 111-118
    • Lindhout, D.1    Omtzigt, J.G.2    Cornel, M.C.3
  • 87
    • 0015915678 scopus 로고
    • Congenital malformations among infants born to epileptic women
    • Lowe C.R. Congenital malformations among infants born to epileptic women. Lancet 1 7793 (1973) 9-10
    • (1973) Lancet , vol.1 , Issue.7793 , pp. 9-10
    • Lowe, C.R.1
  • 88
    • 0018860919 scopus 로고
    • Teratogenicity of anticonvulsant drugs (author's transl.)]
    • Majewski F., Raff W., Fischer P., et al. Teratogenicity of anticonvulsant drugs (author's transl.)]. Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr. 105 20 (1980) 719-723
    • (1980) Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr. , vol.105 , Issue.20 , pp. 719-723
    • Majewski, F.1    Raff, W.2    Fischer, P.3
  • 89
    • 0037183488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Valproate embryopathy in three sets of siblings: Further proof of hereditary susceptibility
    • Malm H., Kajantie E., Kivirikko S., et al. Valproate embryopathy in three sets of siblings: Further proof of hereditary susceptibility. Neurology 59 4 (2002) 630-633
    • (2002) Neurology , vol.59 , Issue.4 , pp. 630-633
    • Malm, H.1    Kajantie, E.2    Kivirikko, S.3
  • 90
    • 0017724462 scopus 로고
    • Phenytoin teratogenesis: Correlation between embryopathic effect and covalent binding of putative arene oxide metabolite in gestational tissue
    • Martz F., Failinger III C., and Blake D.A. Phenytoin teratogenesis: Correlation between embryopathic effect and covalent binding of putative arene oxide metabolite in gestational tissue. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 203 1 (1977) 231-239
    • (1977) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. , vol.203 , Issue.1 , pp. 231-239
    • Martz, F.1    Failinger III, C.2    Blake, D.A.3
  • 91
    • 27444442803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Valproic acid-induced skeletal malformations: Associated gene expression cascades
    • Massa V., Cabrera R.M., Menegola E., et al. Valproic acid-induced skeletal malformations: Associated gene expression cascades. Pharmacogenet. Genomics 15 11 (2005) 787-800
    • (2005) Pharmacogenet. Genomics , vol.15 , Issue.11 , pp. 787-800
    • Massa, V.1    Cabrera, R.M.2    Menegola, E.3
  • 92
    • 0027309438 scopus 로고
    • Case-control study of congenital defects and parental employment in health care
    • Matte T.D., Mulinare J., and Erickson J.D. Case-control study of congenital defects and parental employment in health care. Am. J. Ind. Med. 24 (1993) 11-23
    • (1993) Am. J. Ind. Med. , vol.24 , pp. 11-23
    • Matte, T.D.1    Mulinare, J.2    Erickson, J.D.3
  • 93
    • 0014414409 scopus 로고
    • Anticonvulsant drugs and congenital abnormalities
    • Meadow S.R. Anticonvulsant drugs and congenital abnormalities. Lancet 2 7581 (1968) 1296
    • (1968) Lancet , vol.2 , Issue.7581 , pp. 1296
    • Meadow, S.R.1
  • 94
    • 0014213477 scopus 로고
    • Placental transfer of phenobarbitone in epileptic women, and elimination in newborns
    • Melchior J.C., Svensmark O., and Trolle D. Placental transfer of phenobarbitone in epileptic women, and elimination in newborns. Lancet 2 7521 (1967) 860-861
    • (1967) Lancet , vol.2 , Issue.7521 , pp. 860-861
    • Melchior, J.C.1    Svensmark, O.2    Trolle, D.3
  • 96
    • 0015715595 scopus 로고
    • The teratological effects of anticonvulsants and the effects on pregnancy and birth
    • Meyer J.G. The teratological effects of anticonvulsants and the effects on pregnancy and birth. Eur. Neurol. 10 3 (1973) 179-190
    • (1973) Eur. Neurol. , vol.10 , Issue.3 , pp. 179-190
    • Meyer, J.G.1
  • 97
    • 0024389016 scopus 로고
    • Multivitamin/folic acid supplementation in early pregnancy reduces the prevalence of neural tube defects
    • Milinsky A., Jick H., Jick S.S., Bruell C.L., MacLaughlin D.S., and Rothman K.J. Multivitamin/folic acid supplementation in early pregnancy reduces the prevalence of neural tube defects. JAMA 262 (1989) 2847-2852
    • (1989) JAMA , vol.262 , pp. 2847-2852
    • Milinsky, A.1    Jick, H.2    Jick, S.S.3    Bruell, C.L.4    MacLaughlin, D.S.5    Rothman, K.J.6
  • 98
    • 0026509087 scopus 로고
    • Maternal vitamin levels during pregnancies producing infants with neural tube defects
    • Mills J.L., Tuomileho J., Yu K.F., Colman N., Blaner W.S., and Koskela P. Maternal vitamin levels during pregnancies producing infants with neural tube defects. J. Pediatr. 120 (1992) 863-871
    • (1992) J. Pediatr. , vol.120 , pp. 863-871
    • Mills, J.L.1    Tuomileho, J.2    Yu, K.F.3    Colman, N.4    Blaner, W.S.5    Koskela, P.6
  • 100
    • 0015926360 scopus 로고
    • Diphenylhydantoin and selected congenital malformations
    • Monson R.R., Rosenberg L., Hartz S.C., et al. Diphenylhydantoin and selected congenital malformations. N. Engl. J. Med. 289 20 (1973) 1049-1052
    • (1973) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.289 , Issue.20 , pp. 1049-1052
    • Monson, R.R.1    Rosenberg, L.2    Hartz, S.C.3
  • 101
    • 0033934755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A clinical study of 57 children with fetal anticonvulsant syndromes
    • Moore S.J., Turnpenny P., Quinn A., et al. A clinical study of 57 children with fetal anticonvulsant syndromes. J. Med. Genet. 37 7 (2000) 489-497
    • (2000) J. Med. Genet. , vol.37 , Issue.7 , pp. 489-497
    • Moore, S.J.1    Turnpenny, P.2    Quinn, A.3
  • 102
    • 26844505762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Malformations risks of anti-epileptic drugs in pregnancy: A prospective study from the UK Epilepsy and Pregnancy Register
    • Morrow J.I., Russell A., Gutherie E., et al. Malformations risks of anti-epileptic drugs in pregnancy: A prospective study from the UK Epilepsy and Pregnancy Register. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. (2005)
    • (2005) J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr.
    • Morrow, J.I.1    Russell, A.2    Gutherie, E.3
  • 104
    • 33845984277 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of neural tube defects: Results of the medical research council vitamin study
    • MRC Vitamin Study Group
    • MRC Vitamin Study Group. Prevention of neural tube defects: Results of the medical research council vitamin study. Lancet 2 131 (1991) 432
    • (1991) Lancet , vol.2 , Issue.131 , pp. 432
  • 105
    • 0030779604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of neural tube defects
    • Mulinare J., and Erickson J.D. Prevention of neural tube defects. Teratology 56 1-2 (1997) 17-18
    • (1997) Teratology , vol.56 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 17-18
    • Mulinare, J.1    Erickson, J.D.2
  • 106
    • 0023791890 scopus 로고
    • Periconceptional use of multivitamins and the occurrence of neural tube defects
    • Mulinare J., Cordero J.F., Erickson J.D., and Berry R.J. Periconceptional use of multivitamins and the occurrence of neural tube defects. JAMA 260 21 (1988) 3141-3145
    • (1988) JAMA , vol.260 , Issue.21 , pp. 3141-3145
    • Mulinare, J.1    Cordero, J.F.2    Erickson, J.D.3    Berry, R.J.4
  • 107
    • 0000162222 scopus 로고
    • Embryopathy during pregnancy caused by taking anticonvulsants
    • Mullers-Kupper V.M. Embryopathy during pregnancy caused by taking anticonvulsants. Acta Paeddopsychiatr. 30 (1963) 401-405
    • (1963) Acta Paeddopsychiatr. , vol.30 , pp. 401-405
    • Mullers-Kupper, V.M.1
  • 108
    • 0141960438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anticonvulsant valproic acid inhibits cardiomyocyte differentiation of embryonic stem cells by increasing intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species
    • Na L., Wartenberg M., Nau H., et al. Anticonvulsant valproic acid inhibits cardiomyocyte differentiation of embryonic stem cells by increasing intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species. Birth Defects Res. Part A Clin. Mol. Teratol. 67 3 (2003) 174-180
    • (2003) Birth Defects Res. Part A Clin. Mol. Teratol. , vol.67 , Issue.3 , pp. 174-180
    • Na, L.1    Wartenberg, M.2    Nau, H.3
  • 109
    • 0018595184 scopus 로고
    • Congenital malformations among infants of epileptic mothers treated during pregnancy
    • Nakane Y. Congenital malformations among infants of epileptic mothers treated during pregnancy. Folia Psychiatr. Neurol. Jpn. 33 (1979) 363-369
    • (1979) Folia Psychiatr. Neurol. Jpn. , vol.33 , pp. 363-369
    • Nakane, Y.1
  • 110
    • 0005024737 scopus 로고
    • Factors influencing the risk of malformations among infants born to epileptic mothers
    • Janz D., Dam M., Bossi L., Helge H., Richens A., and Schmidt D. (Eds), Raven Press, New York
    • Nakane Y. Factors influencing the risk of malformations among infants born to epileptic mothers. In: Janz D., Dam M., Bossi L., Helge H., Richens A., and Schmidt D. (Eds). Epilepsy, Pregnancy, and the Child (1982), Raven Press, New York
    • (1982) Epilepsy, Pregnancy, and the Child
    • Nakane, Y.1
  • 111
    • 0019294787 scopus 로고
    • Multi-institutional study on the teratogenicity and fetal toxicity of antiepileptic drugs: A report of a collaborative study group in Japan
    • Nakane Y., Okuma T., Takahashi R., et al. Multi-institutional study on the teratogenicity and fetal toxicity of antiepileptic drugs: A report of a collaborative study group in Japan. Epilepsia 21 6 (1980) 663-680
    • (1980) Epilepsia , vol.21 , Issue.6 , pp. 663-680
    • Nakane, Y.1    Okuma, T.2    Takahashi, R.3
  • 112
    • 0022479326 scopus 로고
    • Weak acids may act as teratogens by accumulating in the basic milieu of the early mammalian embryo
    • Nau H., and Scott W.J. Weak acids may act as teratogens by accumulating in the basic milieu of the early mammalian embryo. Nature 323 (1986) 276-278
    • (1986) Nature , vol.323 , pp. 276-278
    • Nau, H.1    Scott, W.J.2
  • 113
    • 0028997903 scopus 로고
    • Antiepileptic drugs alter endogenous retinoid concentrations: A possible mechanism of teratogenesis of anticonvulsant therapy
    • Nau H., Tzimas G., Mondry M., et al. Antiepileptic drugs alter endogenous retinoid concentrations: A possible mechanism of teratogenesis of anticonvulsant therapy. Life Sci. 57 1 (1995) 53-60
    • (1995) Life Sci. , vol.57 , Issue.1 , pp. 53-60
    • Nau, H.1    Tzimas, G.2    Mondry, M.3
  • 114
    • 0018369387 scopus 로고
    • The Ah locus: Genetic regulation of the metabolism of carcinogens, drugs, and other environmental chemicals by cytochrome P-450 mediated mono-oxygenases
    • Nebert D.W., and Jensen N.M. The Ah locus: Genetic regulation of the metabolism of carcinogens, drugs, and other environmental chemicals by cytochrome P-450 mediated mono-oxygenases. CRC Crit. Rev. Biochem. 6 (1979) 401-437
    • (1979) CRC Crit. Rev. Biochem. , vol.6 , pp. 401-437
    • Nebert, D.W.1    Jensen, N.M.2
  • 115
    • 0343479096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Folic acid preventable spina bifida and anencephaly
    • Oakley G.P. Folic acid preventable spina bifida and anencephaly. Bull World Health Organ. 76 Suppl. 2 (1998) 116-117
    • (1998) Bull World Health Organ. , vol.76 , Issue.SUPPL. 2 , pp. 116-117
    • Oakley, G.P.1
  • 116
    • 0027087132 scopus 로고
    • Improved pregnancy outcome in epileptic women in the last decade: Relationship to maternal anticonvulsant therapy
    • Oguni M., Dansky L., Andermann E., et al. Improved pregnancy outcome in epileptic women in the last decade: Relationship to maternal anticonvulsant therapy. Brain Dev. 14 6 (1992) 371-380
    • (1992) Brain Dev. , vol.14 , Issue.6 , pp. 371-380
    • Oguni, M.1    Dansky, L.2    Andermann, E.3
  • 117
    • 0026845320 scopus 로고
    • The risk of spina bifida aperta after first-trimester exposure to valproate in a prenatal cohort
    • Omtzigt J.G., Los F.J., Grobbee D.E., et al. The risk of spina bifida aperta after first-trimester exposure to valproate in a prenatal cohort. Neurology 42 4 Suppl. 5 (1992) 119-125
    • (1992) Neurology , vol.42 , Issue.4 SUPPL. 5 , pp. 119-125
    • Omtzigt, J.G.1    Los, F.J.2    Grobbee, D.E.3
  • 118
    • 0019942290 scopus 로고
    • Metabolism of styrene oxide in different human fetal tissues
    • Pacifici G.M., and Rane A. Metabolism of styrene oxide in different human fetal tissues. Drug Metab. Dispos. 10 (1982) 302-305
    • (1982) Drug Metab. Dispos. , vol.10 , pp. 302-305
    • Pacifici, G.M.1    Rane, A.2
  • 119
    • 0021051442 scopus 로고
    • Cytosolic epoxide hydrolase in fetal and adult human liver
    • Pacifici G.M., Colizzi C., Giuliani L., and Rane A. Cytosolic epoxide hydrolase in fetal and adult human liver. Arch. Toxicol. 54 (1983) 331
    • (1983) Arch. Toxicol. , vol.54 , pp. 331
    • Pacifici, G.M.1    Colizzi, C.2    Giuliani, L.3    Rane, A.4
  • 120
    • 0021928654 scopus 로고
    • Valpromide/carbamazepine and the risk of teratogenicity
    • Pacifici G.M., Tomson T., Beatilsson L., and Rane A. Valpromide/carbamazepine and the risk of teratogenicity. Lancet 1 (1985) 397-398
    • (1985) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 397-398
    • Pacifici, G.M.1    Tomson, T.2    Beatilsson, L.3    Rane, A.4
  • 121
    • 0020075352 scopus 로고
    • Studies on 5,5-diphenylhydantoin irreversible binding to rat liver microsomal proteins
    • Pantarotto C., Arboix M., Sezzano P., et al. Studies on 5,5-diphenylhydantoin irreversible binding to rat liver microsomal proteins. Biochem. Pharmacol. 31 8 (1982) 1501-1507
    • (1982) Biochem. Pharmacol. , vol.31 , Issue.8 , pp. 1501-1507
    • Pantarotto, C.1    Arboix, M.2    Sezzano, P.3
  • 122
    • 0035965343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Histone deacetylase is a direct target of valproic acid, a potent anticonvulsant, mood stabilizer, and teratogen
    • Phiel C.J., Zhang F., Huang E.Y., et al. Histone deacetylase is a direct target of valproic acid, a potent anticonvulsant, mood stabilizer, and teratogen. J. Biol. Chem. 276 39 (2001) 36734-36741
    • (2001) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.276 , Issue.39 , pp. 36734-36741
    • Phiel, C.J.1    Zhang, F.2    Huang, E.Y.3
  • 123
    • 0020041173 scopus 로고
    • The epileptic mother and her child
    • Philbert A., and Dam M. The epileptic mother and her child. Epilepsia 23 (1982) 85-99
    • (1982) Epilepsia , vol.23 , pp. 85-99
    • Philbert, A.1    Dam, M.2
  • 126
    • 0019965961 scopus 로고
    • Maternal valproic acid and congenital neural tube defects
    • Robert E., and Guibaud P. Maternal valproic acid and congenital neural tube defects. Lancet 2 8304 (1982) 937
    • (1982) Lancet , vol.2 , Issue.8304 , pp. 937
    • Robert, E.1    Guibaud, P.2
  • 127
    • 0023005470 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of drug therapy and teratogenic risk in a Rhone-Alpes district population of pregnant epileptic women
    • Robert E., Lofkvist E., Mauguiere F., et al. Evaluation of drug therapy and teratogenic risk in a Rhone-Alpes district population of pregnant epileptic women. Eur. Neurol. 25 6 (1986) 436-443
    • (1986) Eur. Neurol. , vol.25 , Issue.6 , pp. 436-443
    • Robert, E.1    Lofkvist, E.2    Mauguiere, F.3
  • 128
    • 1842429806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental causes of central nervous system maldevelopment
    • Rodier P.M. Environmental causes of central nervous system maldevelopment. Pediatrics 113 4 Suppl. (2004) 1076-1083
    • (2004) Pediatrics , vol.113 , Issue.4 SUPPL , pp. 1076-1083
    • Rodier, P.M.1
  • 129
    • 0026030573 scopus 로고
    • Spina bifida in infants of women treated with carbamazepine during pregnancy
    • Rosa F.W. Spina bifida in infants of women treated with carbamazepine during pregnancy. N. Engl. J. Med. 324 10 (1991) 674-677
    • (1991) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.324 , Issue.10 , pp. 674-677
    • Rosa, F.W.1
  • 130
    • 10744224908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epilepsy and pregnancy: Lamotrigine as main drug used
    • Sabers A., Dam M.A., Rogvi-Hansen B., et al. Epilepsy and pregnancy: Lamotrigine as main drug used. Acta Neurol. Scand. 109 1 (2004) 9-13
    • (2004) Acta Neurol. Scand. , vol.109 , Issue.1 , pp. 9-13
    • Sabers, A.1    Dam, M.A.2    Rogvi-Hansen, B.3
  • 132
    • 0032747235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiepileptic drug regimens and major congenital abnormalities in the offspring
    • Samren E.B., van Duijn C.M., Christiaens G.C., Hofman A., and Lindhout D. Antiepileptic drug regimens and major congenital abnormalities in the offspring. Ann. Neurol. 46 5 (1999) 739-746
    • (1999) Ann. Neurol. , vol.46 , Issue.5 , pp. 739-746
    • Samren, E.B.1    van Duijn, C.M.2    Christiaens, G.C.3    Hofman, A.4    Lindhout, D.5
  • 133
    • 34250837645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Teratogenicity of antiepileptic drugs: Role of drug metabolism and pharmacogenomics
    • Sankar R. Teratogenicity of antiepileptic drugs: Role of drug metabolism and pharmacogenomics. Acta Neurol. Scand. 116 1 (2007) 65-71
    • (2007) Acta Neurol. Scand. , vol.116 , Issue.1 , pp. 65-71
    • Sankar, R.1
  • 134
    • 0031195315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Valproate-induced limb malformations in mice associated with reduction of intracellular pH
    • Scott Jr. W.J., Schreiner C.M., Nau H., et al. Valproate-induced limb malformations in mice associated with reduction of intracellular pH. Reprod. Toxicol. 11 4 (1997) 483-493
    • (1997) Reprod. Toxicol. , vol.11 , Issue.4 , pp. 483-493
    • Scott Jr. W.J.1    Schreiner, C.M.2    Nau, H.3
  • 135
    • 0028912535 scopus 로고
    • Recent developments in the understanding of the aetiology of neural tube defects
    • Seller M.J. Recent developments in the understanding of the aetiology of neural tube defects. Clin. Dysmorphol. 4 (1995) 93-104
    • (1995) Clin. Dysmorphol. , vol.4 , pp. 93-104
    • Seller, M.J.1
  • 136
    • 0021143125 scopus 로고
    • Periconceptional vitamin supplementation and the prevention of neural tube defects in south-east England and Northern Ireland
    • Seller M.J., and Nevin N.C. Periconceptional vitamin supplementation and the prevention of neural tube defects in south-east England and Northern Ireland. J. Med. Genet. 21 5 (1984) 325-330
    • (1984) J. Med. Genet. , vol.21 , Issue.5 , pp. 325-330
    • Seller, M.J.1    Nevin, N.C.2
  • 137
    • 84921015093 scopus 로고
    • Anticonvulsants and parental epilepsy in the development of birth defects (prospective study)
    • Shapiro S., Hartz S.C., Siskind V., et al. Anticonvulsants and parental epilepsy in the development of birth defects (prospective study). Lancet 1 7954 (1976) 272-275
    • (1976) Lancet , vol.1 , Issue.7954 , pp. 272-275
    • Shapiro, S.1    Hartz, S.C.2    Siskind, V.3
  • 138
    • 0018571935 scopus 로고
    • The murine Ah locus: In utero toxicity and teratogenesis associated with genetic differences in benzo[a]pyrene metabolism
    • Shum S., Jensen N.M., and Nebert D.W. The murine Ah locus: In utero toxicity and teratogenesis associated with genetic differences in benzo[a]pyrene metabolism. Teratology 20 3 (1979) 365-376
    • (1979) Teratology , vol.20 , Issue.3 , pp. 365-376
    • Shum, S.1    Jensen, N.M.2    Nebert, D.W.3
  • 139
    • 0016217298 scopus 로고
    • Epoxides in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolism and carcinogenesis
    • Sims P., and Grover P.L. Epoxides in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolism and carcinogenesis. Adv. Cancer Res. 20 (1974) 165
    • (1974) Adv. Cancer Res. , vol.20 , pp. 165
    • Sims, P.1    Grover, P.L.2
  • 140
    • 0020539902 scopus 로고
    • Further experience of vitamin supplementation for prevention of neural tube defect recurrences
    • Smithells R.W., Nevin N.C., and Seller M.J. Further experience of vitamin supplementation for prevention of neural tube defect recurrences. Lancet I (1983) 1027-1031
    • (1983) Lancet , vol.I , pp. 1027-1031
    • Smithells, R.W.1    Nevin, N.C.2    Seller, M.J.3
  • 141
    • 0015524129 scopus 로고
    • Teratogenic effect of anticonvulsants
    • South J. Teratogenic effect of anticonvulsants. Lancet 2 7787 (1972) 1154
    • (1972) Lancet , vol.2 , Issue.7787 , pp. 1154
    • South, J.1
  • 142
    • 0015518918 scopus 로고
    • Maternal epilepsy and abnormalities of fetus and the newborn
    • Speidel B.D., and Meadow S.R. Maternal epilepsy and abnormalities of fetus and the newborn. Lancet 2 7782 (1972) 839-843
    • (1972) Lancet , vol.2 , Issue.7782 , pp. 839-843
    • Speidel, B.D.1    Meadow, S.R.2
  • 144
    • 0020436625 scopus 로고
    • Sodium valproate and neural tube defects
    • Stanley O.H., and Chambers T.L. Sodium valproate and neural tube defects. Lancet 2 (1982) 1282-1283
    • (1982) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 1282-1283
    • Stanley, O.H.1    Chambers, T.L.2
  • 146
    • 0028023661 scopus 로고
    • Factors influencing the risk of abnormal pregnancy outcome in epileptic women: A multi-centre prospective study
    • Steegers-Theunissen R.P., Renier W.O., Borm G.F., et al. Factors influencing the risk of abnormal pregnancy outcome in epileptic women: A multi-centre prospective study. Epilepsy Res. 18 3 (1994) 261-269
    • (1994) Epilepsy Res. , vol.18 , Issue.3 , pp. 261-269
    • Steegers-Theunissen, R.P.1    Renier, W.O.2    Borm, G.F.3
  • 147
    • 0022377259 scopus 로고
    • Genetic predisposition to phenytoin-induced birth defects
    • Strickler S.M., Dansky L.V., Miller M.A., et al. Genetic predisposition to phenytoin-induced birth defects. Lancet 2 8458 (1985) 746-749
    • (1985) Lancet , vol.2 , Issue.8458 , pp. 746-749
    • Strickler, S.M.1    Dansky, L.V.2    Miller, M.A.3
  • 148
    • 0021910984 scopus 로고
    • Possible valproate toxicity
    • Tein I., and MacGregor D.L. Possible valproate toxicity. Arch. Neurol. 42 (1985) 291-293
    • (1985) Arch. Neurol. , vol.42 , pp. 291-293
    • Tein, I.1    MacGregor, D.L.2
  • 150
    • 0141670265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Australian registry of anti-epileptic drugs in pregnancy: Experience after 30 months
    • Vajda F.J., O'Brien T.J., Hitchcock A., et al. The Australian registry of anti-epileptic drugs in pregnancy: Experience after 30 months. J. Clin. Neurosci. 10 5 (2003) 543-549
    • (2003) J. Clin. Neurosci. , vol.10 , Issue.5 , pp. 543-549
    • Vajda, F.J.1    O'Brien, T.J.2    Hitchcock, A.3
  • 151
    • 7444266950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical relationship between sodium valproate dose and human teratogenicity: Results of the Australian register of anti-epileptic drugs in pregnancy
    • Vajda F.J., O'brien T.J., Hitchcock A., Graham J., Cook M., Lander C., and Eadie M.J. Critical relationship between sodium valproate dose and human teratogenicity: Results of the Australian register of anti-epileptic drugs in pregnancy. J. Clin. Neurosci. 11 8 (2004) 854-858
    • (2004) J. Clin. Neurosci. , vol.11 , Issue.8 , pp. 854-858
    • Vajda, F.J.1    O'brien, T.J.2    Hitchcock, A.3    Graham, J.4    Cook, M.5    Lander, C.6    Eadie, M.J.7
  • 153
    • 0025356568 scopus 로고
    • Primary prevention of neural tube defects with folic acid supplementation: Cuban experience
    • Vergel R.G., Sanchez L.R., Heredero B.L., Rodrigez P.L., and Martinez A.J. Primary prevention of neural tube defects with folic acid supplementation: Cuban experience. Prenat. Diagn. 10 3 (1990) 149-152
    • (1990) Prenat. Diagn. , vol.10 , Issue.3 , pp. 149-152
    • Vergel, R.G.1    Sanchez, L.R.2    Heredero, B.L.3    Rodrigez, P.L.4    Martinez, A.J.5
  • 154
    • 0017735470 scopus 로고
    • Epilepsy, anticonvulsants and pregnancy
    • Weber M., Schweitzer M., Andre J.M., et al. Epilepsy, anticonvulsants and pregnancy. Arch. Fr. Pediatr. 34 4 (1977) 374-383
    • (1977) Arch. Fr. Pediatr. , vol.34 , Issue.4 , pp. 374-383
    • Weber, M.1    Schweitzer, M.2    Andre, J.M.3
  • 156
    • 0006658943 scopus 로고
    • Significance of the phenytoin reactive arene oxide intermediate, its oxepin tautomer, and clinical factors modifying their roles in phenytoin-induced teratology
    • Hassell T.M., Johnston M.C., and Dudley K.H. (Eds), Raven Press, New York
    • Wells P.G., and Harbison R.D. Significance of the phenytoin reactive arene oxide intermediate, its oxepin tautomer, and clinical factors modifying their roles in phenytoin-induced teratology. In: Hassell T.M., Johnston M.C., and Dudley K.H. (Eds). Phenytoin-Induced Teratology and Gingival Pathology (1980), Raven Press, New York 83-108
    • (1980) Phenytoin-Induced Teratology and Gingival Pathology , pp. 83-108
    • Wells, P.G.1    Harbison, R.D.2
  • 157
    • 0020053463 scopus 로고
    • Relahon of in vivo drug metabolism to stereoselective fetal hydantoin toxicology in mouse: Evaluation of mephenytoin and its metabolite, nirvanol
    • Wells P.G., Kuper A., Lawson J.A., and Harbison R.D. Relahon of in vivo drug metabolism to stereoselective fetal hydantoin toxicology in mouse: Evaluation of mephenytoin and its metabolite, nirvanol. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 221 (1982) 228-234
    • (1982) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. , vol.221 , pp. 228-234
    • Wells, P.G.1    Kuper, A.2    Lawson, J.A.3    Harbison, R.D.4
  • 158
    • 0024541896 scopus 로고
    • Modulation of phenytoin teratogenicity and embryonic covalent binding by acetylsalicylic acid, caffeic acid, and alpha-phenyl-N-t-butylnitrone: Implications for bioactivation by prostaglandin synthetase
    • Wells P.G., Zubovits J.T., Wong S.T., et al. Modulation of phenytoin teratogenicity and embryonic covalent binding by acetylsalicylic acid, caffeic acid, and alpha-phenyl-N-t-butylnitrone: Implications for bioactivation by prostaglandin synthetase. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 97 2 (1989) 192-202
    • (1989) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , vol.97 , Issue.2 , pp. 192-202
    • Wells, P.G.1    Zubovits, J.T.2    Wong, S.T.3
  • 159
    • 0027518951 scopus 로고
    • Periconceptual folic acid exposure and risk of occuring neural tube defects
    • Werler M.M., Shapiro S., and Mitchell A.A. Periconceptual folic acid exposure and risk of occuring neural tube defects. JAMA 269 (1993) 1257-1261
    • (1993) JAMA , vol.269 , pp. 1257-1261
    • Werler, M.M.1    Shapiro, S.2    Mitchell, A.A.3
  • 160
    • 0029869816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prepregnant weight in relation to risk of neural tube defects
    • Werler M.M., Louik C., Shapiro S., and Mitchell A.A. Prepregnant weight in relation to risk of neural tube defects. JAMA 275 (1996) 1089-1092
    • (1996) JAMA , vol.275 , pp. 1089-1092
    • Werler, M.M.1    Louik, C.2    Shapiro, S.3    Mitchell, A.A.4
  • 161
    • 1242314854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Major malformations in infants exposed to antiepileptic drugs in utero, with emphasis on carbamazepine and valproic acid: A nation-wide, population-based register study
    • Wide K., Winbladh B., and Kallen B. Major malformations in infants exposed to antiepileptic drugs in utero, with emphasis on carbamazepine and valproic acid: A nation-wide, population-based register study. Acta Paediatr. 93 2 (2004) 174-176
    • (2004) Acta Paediatr. , vol.93 , Issue.2 , pp. 174-176
    • Wide, K.1    Winbladh, B.2    Kallen, B.3
  • 162
  • 163
    • 0023938510 scopus 로고
    • Effects of N-acetylcysteine on fetal development and on phenytoin teratogenicity in mice
    • Wong M., and Wells P.G. Effects of N-acetylcysteine on fetal development and on phenytoin teratogenicity in mice. Teratog. Carcinog Mutagen. 8 (1988) 65-79
    • (1988) Teratog. Carcinog Mutagen. , vol.8 , pp. 65-79
    • Wong, M.1    Wells, P.G.2
  • 164
    • 0024319288 scopus 로고
    • Modulation of embryonic glutathione reductase and phenytoin teratogenicity by 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl i 1-nitrosurea (BCNU)
    • Wong M., and Wells P.G. Modulation of embryonic glutathione reductase and phenytoin teratogenicity by 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl i 1-nitrosurea (BCNU). J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 250 (1989) 336-342
    • (1989) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. , vol.250 , pp. 336-342
    • Wong, M.1    Wells, P.G.2
  • 165
    • 1542618510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interaction between anticonvulsants and human placental carnitine transporter
    • Wu S.P., Shyu M.K., Liou H.H., et al. Interaction between anticonvulsants and human placental carnitine transporter. Epilepsia 45 3 (2004) 204-210
    • (2004) Epilepsia , vol.45 , Issue.3 , pp. 204-210
    • Wu, S.P.1    Shyu, M.K.2    Liou, H.H.3
  • 166
    • 0024592611 scopus 로고
    • Reduction of the teratogenic effects of phenytoin by folic acid and a mixture of folic acid, vitamins, and amino acids: A preliminary trial
    • Zhu M., and Zhou S. Reduction of the teratogenic effects of phenytoin by folic acid and a mixture of folic acid, vitamins, and amino acids: A preliminary trial. Epilepsia 30 (1989) 246-251
    • (1989) Epilepsia , vol.30 , pp. 246-251
    • Zhu, M.1    Zhou, S.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.