Static gain saturation model of quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifiers

IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics

Volumn 44, Issue 7, 2008, Pages 658-666

  Kim, Jungho ^a   Laemmlin, Matthias ^a   Meuer, Christian ^a   Bimberg, Dieter ^a   Eisenstein, Gadi ^b  

^a TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT BERLIN   (Germany)

^b TECHNION ISRAEL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (Israel)

Author keywords

Gain saturation; Quantum dot (QD); Semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOA)

Indexed keywords

AS DOPING; BARRIER POTENTIALS; CARRIER DENSITIES; CONTROLLING DEVICES; DENSITY MATRIX THEORIES; GAIN MODELS; GAIN SATURATION; GAIN SATURATION MODELS; HIGH-SPEED; INJECTION CURRENT DENSITIES; OPTICAL POWER; QUANTUM DOT (QD); QUANTUM DOT SEMICONDUCTOR- OPTICAL-AMPLIFIERS; QUANTUM MECHANICALS; QUASI-FERMI LEVELS; SEMICONDUCTOR OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS (SOA); SPECTRAL-HOLE BURNING;

BLIND EQUALIZATION; ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY; OPTICAL SWITCHES; OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES; SEMICONDUCTOR JUNCTIONS; SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS; SEMICONDUCTOR OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS; SERVICE ORIENTED ARCHITECTURE (SOA);

SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM DOTS;

EID: 51849128545     PISSN: 00189197     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/JQE.2008.922325     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. D. Bimberg, "Quantum dots for lasers, amplifiers and computing," J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., vol. 38, pp. 2055-2058, 2005.
2. D. Bimberg, G. Fiol, M. Kuntz, C. Meuer, M. Lämmlin, N. N. Ledentsov, and A. R. Kovsh, "High speed nanophotonic devices based on quantum dots," Phys. Stat. Sol. (A), vol. 203, pp. 3523-3532, 2006.
3. M. Sugawara, H. Ebe, N. Hatori, M. Ishida, Y. Arakawa, T. Akiyama, K. Otsubo, and Y. Nakata, "Theory of optical signal amplification and processing by quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifiers," Phys. Rev. B, vol. 69, p. 235332, 2004.
4. T. Akiyama, M. Ekawa, M. Sugawara, K. Kawaguchi, H. Sudo, A. Kuramata, H. Ebe, and Y. Arakawa, "An ultrawide-band semiconductor optical amplifier having an extremely high penalty-free output power of 23 dBm achieved with quantum dots," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 17, no. 8, pp. 1614-1616, Aug. 2005.
5. M. Laemmlin, G. Fiol, C. Meuer, M. Kuntz, F. Hopfer, A. R. Kovsh, N. N. Ledentsov, and D. Bimberg, "Distortion-free optical amplification of 20-80 GHz modelocked laser pulses at 1.3 μm using quantum dots," Electron. Lett., vol. 42, pp. 697-699, 2006.
6. T. Akiyama, N. Hatori, Y. Nakata, H. Ebe, and M. Sugawara, "Pattern-effect-free semiconductor optical amplifier achieved using quantum dots," Electron. Lett., vol. 38, pp. 1139-1140, 2002.
7. T. Akiyama, H. Kuwatsuka, N. Hatori, Y. Nakata, H. Ebe, and M. Sugawara, "Symmetric highly efficient (∼ 0 dB) wavelength conversion based on four-wave mixing in quantum dot optical amplifiers," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 14, no. 8, pp. 1139-1141, Aug. 2002.
8. P. Borri, W. Langbein, J. M. Hvam, F. Heinrichsdorff, M. H. Mao, and D. Bimberg, "Ultrafast gain dynamics in InAs-InGaAs quantum dot amplifiers," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 594-596, Jun. 2000.
9. S. Schneider, P. Borri, W. Langbein, U. Woggon, R. L. Sellin, D. Ouyang, and D. Bimberg, "Excited-state gain dynamics in InGaAs quantum-dot amplifiers," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 17, no. 10, pp. 2014-2016, Oct. 2005.
10. R. Alizon, A. Bilenca, H. Dery, V. Mikhelashvili, G. Eisenstein, R. Schwertberger, D. Gold, J. P. Reithmaier, and A. Forchel, "Cross-gain modulation in inhomogeneously broadened gain spectra of InP-based 1550 nm quantum dash optical amplifiers: Small-signal bandwidth dependence on wavelength detuning," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 82, pp. 4660-4662, 2003.
11. J. Kim and S. L. Chuang, "Small-signal cross-gain modulation of quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifiers," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 18, no. 23, pp. 2538-2540, Dec. 2006.
12. G. P. Agrawal and N. A. Olsson, "Self-phase modulation and spectral broadening of optical pulses in semiconductor laser amplifiers," IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. 25, no. 11, pp. 2297-2306, Nov. 1989.
13. J. L. Pleumeekers, M. Kauer, K. Dreyer, C. Burrus, A. G. Dentai, S. Shunk, J. Leuthold, and C. H. Joyner, "Acceleration of gain recovery in semiconductor optical amplifiers by optical injection near transparency wavelength," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 14, pp. 12-14, Jan. 2002.
14. J. Mørk, M. L. Nielsen, and T. W. Berg, "The dynamics of semiconductor optical amplifiers: Modeling and applications," Opt. Photon. News, vol. 14, no. 7, pp. 42-48, Jul. 2003.
15. P. Borri, W. Langbein, J. M. Hvam, F. Heinrichsdorff, M.-H. Mao, and D. Bimberg, "Time-resolved four-wave mixing in InAs/InGaAs quantum-dot amplifiers under electrical injection," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 76, pp. 1380-1382, 2000.
16. P. Borri, S. Schneider, W. Langbein, U. Woggon, A. E. Zhukov, V. M. Ustinov, N. N. Ledentsov, Z. I. Alferov, D. Ouyang, and D. Bimberg, "Ultrafast carrier dynamics and dephasing in InAs quantum-dot amplifiers emitting near 1.3-μm-wavelength at room temperature," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 79, pp. 2633-2635, 2001.
17. P. Borri, W. Langbein, S. Schneider, U. Woggon, R. L. Sellin, D. Ouyang, and D. Bimberg, "Exciton relaxation and dephasing in quantum-dot amplifiers from room-to cryogenic temperature," IEEE J. Sel. Topics Quantum Electron., vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 984-991, Sep./Oct. 2002.
18. P. Borri, S. Schneider, W. Langbein, and D. Bimberg, "Ultrafast carrier dynamics in InGaAs quantum dot materials and devices," J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt., vol. 8, pp. S33-S46, 2006.
19. M. Sugawara, T. Akiyama, N. Hatori, Y. Nakata, H. Ebe, and H. Ishikawa, "Quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifiers for high-bit-rate signal processing up to 160 Gb/s and a new scheme 3R regenerators," Meas. Sci. Technol., vol. 13, pp. 1683-1691, 2002.
20. A. V. Uskov, E. P. O'Reilly, M. Laemmlin, N. N. Ledentsov, and D. Bimberg, "On gain saturation in quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifiers," Opt. Commun., vol. 248, pp. 211-219, 2005.
21. M. Yamada and Y. Suematsu, "Analysis of gain-suppression in undoped injection lasers," J. Appl. Phys., vol. 52, pp. 2653-2664, 1981.
22. M. Asada and Y. Suematsu, "Density-matrix theory of semiconductor lasers with relaxation broadening model-gain and gain-suppression in semiconductor lasers," IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. QE-21, no. 5, pp. 434-442, May 1985.
23. D. Ahn and S. L. Chuang, "Optical gain and gain suppression of quantum-well lasers with valence band mixing," IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 13-24, Jan. 1990.
24. G. P. Agrawal, "Population pulsations and nondegenerate four-wave mixing in semiconductor lasers and amplifiers," J. Opt. Soc. Amer. B vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 147-159, Jan. 1988.
25. G. P. Agrawal, "Gain nonlinearities in semiconductor lasers: Theory and applications to distributed feedback lasers," IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 860-868, Jun. 1987.
26. J. Kim and S. L. Chuang, "Theoretical and experimental study of optical gain, refractive index change, and linewidth enhancement factor of p-doped quantum-dot lasers," IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. 42, pp. 942-952, Sep. 2006.
27. S. L. Chuang, Physics of Optoelectronic Devices. New York: Wiley, 1995.
28. T. W. Berg and J. Mørk, "Saturation and noise properties of quantum-dot optical amplifiers," IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. 40, no. 11, pp. 1527-1539, Nov. 2004.
29. S. Dommers, V. V. Temnov, U. Woggon, J. Gomis, J. Martinez-Pastor, M. Laemmlin, and D. Bimberg, "Complete ground state gain recovery after ultrashort double pulses in quantum dot based semiconductor optical amplifier," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 90, p. 033508, 2007.
30. 1-x As/GaAs self-assembled quantum dots," Phys. Rev. B vol. 54, pp. 11548-11554, 1996.
31. K. Gundogdu, K. C. Hall, T. F. Boggess, D. G. Deppe, and O. B. Shchekin, "Ultrafast electron capture into p-modulation-doped quantum dots," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 85, pp. 4570-4572, 2004.