Concentrated disadvantage, traditional male role models, and African-American juvenile violence

Criminology

Volumn 46, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 711-735

  Parker, Karen F ^a   Reckdenwald, Amy ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF DELAWARE   (United States)

^b FLORIDA ATLANTIC UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Code of the street; Juvenile violence rates; Macrolevel analysis; Poisson modeling; Race and violence; Urban disadvantage

Indexed keywords

EID: 51849110273     PISSN: 00111384     EISSN: 17459125     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-9125.2008.00119.x     Document Type: Review

References (65)

1. Almgren, Gunnar, Avery Guest, George Immerwahl, and Michael Spittel. 1998. Joblessness, family disruption, and violent death in Chicago, 1970-1990. Social Forces 76 : 1465 93.
2. Anderson, Elijah. 1999. Code of the Street: Decency, Violence, and the Moral Life of the Inner-City. New York : W.W. Norton.
3. Brezina, Timothy, Robert A. Agnew, Francis T. Cullen, and John Paul Wright. 2004. Code of the street: A quantitative assessment of Elijah Anderson's subculture of violence thesis and its contribution to youth violence research. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice 2 : 303 28.
4. Brunson, Rod K., and Eric A. Stewart. 2006. Young African-American women, the street code, and violence: An exploratory analysis. Journal of Crime and Justice 29 : 1 19.
5. Bursik, Robert J. Jr. 1988. Social disorganization and theories of crime and delinquency: Problems and prospects. Criminology 26 : 519 52.
6. Bursik, Robert J. Jr., and Harold G. Grasmick. 1993. Neighborhoods and Crime: The Dimensions of Effective Community Control. New York : Lexington Books.
7. Carlson, Bonnie, and Neil Cervera. 1992. Inmates and Their Wives. Westport, CT : Greenwood Press.
8. Chamlin, Mitchell B., and Allen E. Liska. 1992. Social structure and crime control revisited: The declining significance of intergroup threat. In Social Threat and Social Control, ed. Allen E. Liska. Albany : State University of New York Press.
9. Chilton, Roland, and Dee Weber. Uniform Crime Reporting Program [United States]: Arrests By Age, Sex, And Race For Police Agencies In Metropolitan Statistical Areas, 1960-1997 [Computer file]. 2nd ICPSR version. Amherst, MA : University of Massachusetts [producer], 2000. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2000.
10. Eitle, David, Stewart J. D'Alessio, and Lisa Stolzenberg. 2002. Racial threat and social control: A test of the political, economic, and threat of black crime hypotheses. Social Forces 81 : 557 76.
11. Fagan, Jeffery, and Deanna Wilkinson. 1998. Guns, youth violence, and social identity in inner cities. Crime and Justice 24 : 105 88.
12. Fishman, Laura. 1990. Women at the Wall. Albany : State University of New York Press.
13. Greene, William H. 1996. Econometric Analysis. Upper Saddle River, NJ : Prentice-Hall.
14. Hagan, John, and Ronit Dinovitzer. 1999. Collateral consequences for children, communities, and prisoners. Crime and Justice 26 : 121 62.
15. Horowitz, Ruth. 1983. Honor and the American Dream: Culture and Identity in a Chicano Community. New Brunswick, NJ : Rutgers University Press.
16. Jacobs, David, and Katherine Wood. 1999. Interracial conflict and interracial homicide: Do political and economic rivalries explain white killings of blacks or black killings of whites American Journal of Sociology 105 : 157 90.
17. Johnson, Bruce D., Eloise Dunlap, and Lisa Maher. 1998. Nurturing for careers in drug use and crime: conduct norms for children and juveniles in crack-using households. Substance Use & Misuse 33 : 1511 36.
18. Junger-Tas, Josine, and Ineke Haen Marshall. 1999. The self-report methodology in crime research. In Crime and Justice: A Review of Research, vol. 25, ed. Michael H. Tonry. Chicago, IL : University of Chicago Press.
19. Kasarda, John D. 1983. Entry-level jobs, mobility, and urban minority unemployment. Urban Affairs Quarterly 19 : 21 40.
20. Kasarda, John D. 1989. Urban industrial transition and the underclass. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 501 : 26.
21. Kasarda, John D. 1992. The severely distressed in economically transforming cities. In Drugs, Crime, and Social Isolation: Barriers to Urban Opportunity, eds. Adele V. Harrell and George E. Peterson. Washington, DC : The Urban Institute.
22. King, Anthony E. O. 1993. The impact of incarceration on African American families: Implications for practice. Journal of Contemporary Human Service 73 : 145 53.
23. Krivo, Lauren J., and Ruth D. Peterson. 1996. Extremely disadvantaged neighborhoods and urban crime. Social Forces 75 : 619 48.
24. Krivo, Lauren J., and Ruth D. Peterson. 2000. The structural context of homicide: Accounting for racial differences in process. American Sociological Review 65 : 547 59.
25. Kubrin, Charles E. 2005. Gangstas, thugs, and hustlas: Identity and the code of the street in rap music. Social Problems 52 : 360 78.
26. Kubrin, Charts E., and Ronald Weitzer. 2003. Retaliatory homicide: Concentrated disadvantage and neighborhood culture. Social Problems 50 : 157 80.
27. Land, Kenneth C, Patricia L. McCall, and Lawrence E. Cohen. 1990. Structural covariates of homicide rates: Are there any invariances across time and social space American Journal of Sociology 95 : 922 63.
28. Lee, Matthew R., and Graham C. Ousey. 2001. Size matters: Examining the link between small manufacturing, socioeconomic deprivation and crime rates in nonmetropolitan communities. Sociological Quarterly 42 : 581 602.
29. Liska, Allen E., and Mitchell B. Chamlin. 1984. Social structures and crime among macrosocial units. American Journal of Sociology 90 : 388 95.
30. Long, J. Scott. 1997. Regression Models for Categorical and Limited Dependent Variables. Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage.
31. Lowenstein, Ariela. 1986. Temporary single parenthood - The case of prisoners' families. Family Relations 35 : 79 85.
32. Lynch, James P., and William J. Sabol. 1997. Did Getting Tougher on Crime Pay? Crime Policy Report. Washington, DC : The Urban Institute State Policy Center.
33. Massey, Douglas S., and Nancy A. Denton. 1994. American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the Underclass. Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press.
34. Massey, Douglas S., and Mitchell L. Eggers. 1990. The ecology of inequality: Minorities and the concentration of poverty, 1970-1980. American Journal of Sociology 95 : 1153 88.
35. Massey, Douglas S., Andrew B. Gross, and Mitchell L. Eggers. 1991. Segregation, the concentration of poverty, and the life chances of individuals. Social Science Research 20 : 397 420.
36. Massey, Douglas S., Andrew B. Gross, and Kumiko Shibuya. 1994. Migration, segregation, and the geographic concentration of poverty. American Sociological Review 59 : 425 45.
37. McNulty, Thomas L., and Paul E. Bellair. 2003. Explaining racial and ethnic differences in adolescent violence: Structural disadvantage, family well-being, and social capital. Justice Quarterly 20 : 1 31.
38. Olzak, Susan. 1990. The political context of competition: Lynching and urban racial violence, 1882-1914. Social Forces 69 : 395 421.
39. Osgood, D. Wayne. 2000. Poisson-based regression analysis of aggregated crime rates. Journal of Quantitative Criminology 16 : 21 44.
40. Osgood, D. Wayne, and Jeff M. Chambers. 2000. Social disorganization outside the metropolis: An analysis of rural youth violence. Criminology 38 : 81 116.
41. Parker, Karen F., and Tracy Johns. 2002. Urban disadvantage and types of race-specific homicide: Assessing the diversity in family structures in the urban context. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 39 : 277 303.
42. Parker, Karen F., and Patricia L. McCall. 1999. Structural conditions and racial homicide patterns: A look at the multiple disadvantages in urban areas. Criminology 37 : 447 73.
43. Parker, Karen F., Brian Stults, and Stephen Rice. 2005. Racial threat, concentrated disadvantage and social control: Considering the macro-level sources of variation in arrests. Criminology 43 : 1111 34.
44. Pearl, Judea. 2000. Causality: Models, Reasoning and Inference. Cambridge, MA : Cambridge University Press.
45. Rose, Dina R., and Todd R. Clear. 1998. Incarceration, social capital and crime: Implications for social disorganization theory. Criminology 36 : 441 79.
46. Rosenfeld, Richard, Steven F. Messner, and Eric P. Baumer. 2001. Social capital and homicide. Social Forces 80 : 283 309.
47. Sampson, Robert J. 1987. Urban black violence: The effect of male joblessness and family disruption. American Journal of Sociology 93 : 348 82.
48. Sampson, Robert J., and Lydia Bean. 2006. Cultural mechanisms and killing fields: A revised theory of community-level racial inequality. In The Many Colors of Crime: Inequalities of Race, Ethnicity and Crime in America, eds. Ruth D. Peterson, Lauren J. Krivo, and John Hagan. New York : New York University Press.
49. Sampson, Robert J., and W. Byron Groves. 1989. Community structure and crime: Testing social-disorganization theory. American Journal of Sociology 94 : 774 802.
50. Sampson, Robert J., and William Julius Wilson. 1995. Toward a theory of race, crime, and urban inequality. In Crime and Inequality, eds. John Hagan and Ruth D. Peterson. Stanford, CA : Stanford University Press.
51. Shihadeh, Edward S., and Nicole Flynn. 1996. Segregation and crime: The effect of black isolation on the rates of black urban violence. Social Forces 74 : 1325 52.
52. Shihadeh, Edward S., and Darrell J. Steffensmeier. 1994. The effects of economic inequality and family disruption on urban black violence: Cities as units of stratification and social control. Social Forces 73 : 729 51.
53. Stewart, Eric A., and Ronald L. Simons. 2006. Structure and culture in African-American adolescent violence: A partial test of the "code of the street" thesis. Justice Quarterly 23 : 1 33.
54. Stolzenberg, Lisa, Stewart J. D'Alessio, and David Eitle. 2004. A multilevel test of racial threat theory. Criminology 42 : 673 98.
55. Tienda, Marta, and Ding-Tzann Lii. 1987. Minority concentration and earnings inequality: Blacks, Hispanics, and Asians compared. American Journal of Sociology 93 : 141 65.
56. U.S. Bureau of the Census. 2003. Census of Population and Housing, 2000. Summary Tape File 1 and 3. Washington, DC : U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census.
57. U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics. 2000. Census of State Adult Correctional Facilities, 2000 [Computer file]. Conducted by U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. 2nd ICPSR ed. Ann Arbor, MI : Interuniversity Consortium for Political and Social Research.
58. U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics. 1996. Prisoners. Washington, DC : Bureau of Justice Statistics.
59. Warner, Barbara D. 2003. The role of attenuated culture in social disorganization theory. Criminology 41 : 73 98.
60. Wilkinson, Deanna Lyn. 2003. Guns, Violence, and Identity Among African American and Latino Youth. New York : LFB Scholarly Publications.
61. Wilson, William Julius. 1987. The Truly Disadvantaged: The Inner City, the Underclass and Public Policy. Chicago, IL : The University of Chicago Press.
62. Wilson, William Julius. 1996. When Work Disappears: The World of the New Urban Poor. New York : Alfred A. Knopf.
63. Wilson, William Julius, and Kathryn Neckerman. 1985. Poverty and family structure: The widening gap between evidence and public policy issues. Paper presented at the conference Poverty and Policy: Retrospect and Prospects, Williamsburg, VA.
64. Wilson, Franklin D., and Laurence Wu. 1993. A Comparative Analysis of the Labor Force Activities of Ethnic Populations. Proceedings of the Annual Research Conference of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. Washington, DC : U.S. Government Printing Office.
65. Wright, John P., Francis T. Cullen, and Jeremy T. Miller. 2001. Family social capital and delinquent involvement. Journal of Criminal Justice 29 : 1 9.