Insect-based hover-capable flapping wings for micro air vehicles: Experiments and analysis

AIAA Journal

Volumn 46, Issue 9, 2008, Pages 2115-2135

  Singh, Beerinder ^a,b,c   Chopra, Inderjit ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

^c Metacomp Technologies Inc

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIO-MIMETIC;

AERODYNAMICS; AIR; ALUMINA; BIOMIMETICS; EXPERIMENTS; FINITE ELEMENT METHOD; GAS DYNAMICS; MECHANISMS; SPRINGS (COMPONENTS); STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS; TESTING; TORSIONAL STRESS;

WINGS;

EID: 51749099006     PISSN: 00011452     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2514/1.28192     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. McMichael, J. M., and Francis, M. S., Micro Air Vehicles - Toward a New Dimension in Flight, Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency TTO Document, 1996.
2. Grasmeyer, J. M., and Keennon, M. T., "Development of the Black Widow Micro Air Vehicle," 39th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, AIAA, Reston, VA, 8-11 Jan. 2001.
3. Bohorquez, F., Samuel, P., Sirohi, J., Pines, D., Rudd, L., and Perel, R., "Design, Analysis and Hover Performance of a Rotary Wing Micro Air Vehicle," Journal of the American Helicopter Society, Vol. 48, No. 2, April 2003, pp. 80-90.
4. Keennon, M. T., and Grasmeyer, J. M., "Development of the Black Widow and Microbat MAVs and a Vision, of the Future of MAV Design," AIAA/ICAS International Air and Space Symposium and Exposition: The Next 100 Years, AIAA, Reston, VA, 14-17 July 2003.
5. Ellington, C. P., "The Aerodynamics of Hovering Insect Flight," Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, Vol. 305, No. 1122, Feb. 1984, pp. 1-181. doi:10.1098/rstb.1984.0049
6. Willmott, A. P., and Ellington, C. P., "The Mechanics of Flight in the Hawkmoth Manduca Sexta I. Kinematics of Hovering and Forward Flight," Journal of Experimental Biology, Vol. 200, No. 21, 1997, pp. 2705-2722.
7. Altshuler, D. L., and Dudley, R., "Kinematics of Hovering Hummingbird Flight Along Simulated and Natural Elevational Gradients," Journal of Experimental Biology, Vol. 206, Aug. 2003, pp. 3139-3147. doi:10.1242/jeb.00540
8. Wang, H., Zeng, L., Liu, H., and Yin, C., "Measuring Wing Kinematics, Flight Trajectory and Body Attitude During Forward Flight and Turning Maneuvers in Dragonflies," Journal of Experimental Biology, Vol. 206, No. 4, Feb. 2003, pp. 745-757. doi:10.1242/jeb.00183
9. van den Berg, C., and Ellington, C. P., "The Vortex Wake of a 'Hovering' Model Hawkmoth," Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, Vol. 352, No. 1351, March 1997, pp. 317-328. doi:10.1098/rstb.1997.0023
10. van den Berg, C., and Ellington, C. P., "The Three-Dimensional Leading-Edge Vortex of a 'Hovering' Model Hawkmoth," Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, Vol. 352, No. 1351, March 1997, pp. 329-340. doi:10.1098/rstb.1997.0024
11. Dickinson, M. H., Lehmann, F., and Sane, S. P., "Wing Rotation, and the Aerodynamic Basis of Insect Flight," Science, Vol. 284, June 1999, pp. 1954-1960. doi:10.1126/science.284.5422.1954
12. Weis-Fogh, T., "Quick Estimates of Flight Fitness in Hovering Animals, Including Novel Mechanisms for Lift Production," Journal of Experimental Biology, Vol., 59, No. 1, 1973, pp. 169-230.
13. Liu, H., Ellington, C. P., Kawachi, K., van den Berg, C., and Willmott, A. P., "A Computational Fluid Dynamic Study of Hawkmoth Hovering," Journal of Experimental Biology, Vol. 201, No. 4, 1998, pp. 461-477.
14. Sane, S. P., "The Aerodynamics of Insect Flight," Journal of Experimental Biology, Vol. 206, No. 23, Dec. 2003, pp. 4191-4208. doi:10.1242/jeb.00663
15. Ellington, C. P., and Usherwood, J. R., "Lift and Drag Characteristics of Rotary and Flapping Wings," Fixed and Flapping Wing Aerodynamics for Micro Air Vehicle Applications, edited by T. J. Mueller, Vol. 195, AIAA Progress in Aeronautics and Astronautics, AIAA, Reston, VA, 2001, pp. 231-248, Chap. 12.
16. Birch, J. M., Dickson, W. B., and Dickinson, M. H., "Force Production and Flow Structure of the Leading Edge Vortex on Flapping Wings at High and Low Reynolds Numbers," Journal of Experimental Biology, Vol. 207, Feb. 2004, pp. 1063-1072. doi:10.1242/jeb.00848
17. Ramasamy, M., Leishman, J. G., and Singh, B., "Wake Structure Diagnostics of a Flapping Wing MAV," International Powered Lift Conference, SAE International, Warrendale, PA, Oct. 2005.
18. Lan, C. E., "The Unsteady Quasi-Vortex-Lattice Method with Applications to Animal Propulsion," Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 93, No. 4, 1979, pp. 747-765. doi:10.1017/S0022112079002019
19. Wang, Z. J., "Vortex Shedding and Frequency Selection in Flapping Flight," Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 410, May 2000, pp. 323-341. doi:10.1017/S0022112099008071
20. Birch, J. M., and Dickinson, M. H., "The Influence of Wing Wake Interactions on the Production of Aerodynamic Forces in Flapping Flight," Journal of Experimental Biology, Vol. 206, No. 13, July 2003, pp. 2257-2272. doi:10.1242/jeb.00381
21. Żbikowski, R., "On Aerodynamic Modelling of an Insect-Like Flapping Wing in Hover for Micro Air Vehicles," Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London, Series A, Vol. 360, Jan. 2002, pp. 273-290. doi:10.1098/rsta.2001.0930
22. DeLaurier, J. D., "An Aerodynamic Model for Flapping Wing Flight," Aeronautical Journal, Vol. 97, April 1993, pp. 125-130.
23. Larijani, R. F., and DeLaurier, J. D., "A Nonlinear Aeroelastic Model for the Study of Flapping Wing Flight," Fixed and Flapping Wing Aerodynamics for Micro Air Vehicle Applications, edited by T. J. Mueller Vol. 195, AIAA Progress in Aeronautics and Astronautics, AIAA, Reston, VA, 2001, pp. 399-428, Chap. 18.
24. Fritz, T. E., and Long, L. N., "Object-Oriented Unsteady Vortex Lattice Method for Flapping Flight," Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 41, No. 6, Nov.-Dec. 2004, pp. 1275-1290.
25. Eldredge, J. D., "Efficient Tools for the Simulation of Flapping Wing Flows," 43rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, AIAA, Reston, VA, 10-13 Jan. 2005.
26. Sun, M., and Tang, J., "Unsteady Aerodynamic Force Generation by a Model Fruit Fly Wing in Flapping Motion," Journal of Experimental Biology, Vol. 205, No. 1, Jan. 2002, pp. 55-70.
27. Sun, M., and Tang, J., "Lift and Power Requirements of Hovering Flight in Drosophila Vlrilis," Journal of Experimental Biology, Vol. 205, No. 16, Aug. 2002, pp. 2413-2427.
28. Ramamurti, R., and Sandberg, W. C., "A Three-Dimensional Computational Study of the Aerodynamic Mechanisms of Insect Flight," Journal of Experimental Biology, Vol. 205, No. 10, May 2002, pp. 1507-1518.
29. Sun, M., and Wu, J. H., "Aerodynamic Force Generation and Power Requirements in Forward Flight in a Fruit Fly with Modeled Wing Motion," Journal of Experimental Biology, Vol. 206, No. 17, Sept. 2003, pp. 3065-3083. doi:10.1242/jeb.00517
30. Wu, J. H., and Sun, M., "Unsteady Aerodynamic Forces of a Flapping Wing," Journal of Experimental Biology, Vol. 207, No. 23, March 2004, pp. 1137-1150. doi:10.1242/jeb.00868
31. Wang, Z. J., "The Role of Drag in Insect Hovering," Journal of Experimental Biology, Vol. 207, No. 23, Nov. 2004, pp. 4147-4155. doi:10.1242/jeb.01239
32. Ramamurti, R., Sandberg, W. C., Lohner, R., Walker, J. A., and Westneat, M. W., "Fluid Dynamics of Flapping Aquatic Flight in the Bird Wrasse: Three-Dimensional Unsteady Computations with Fin Deformation," Journal of Experimental Biology, Vol. 205, No. 19, Oct. 2002, pp. 2997-3008.
33. Bozkurttas, M., Dong, H., Mittal, R., Madden, P., and Lauder, G. V., "Hydrodynamic Performance of Deformable Fish Fins and Flapping Foils," 44th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, AIAA, Reston, VA, 9-12 Jan. 2006.
34. Wootton, R. J., "The Mechanical. Design of Insect Wings," Scientific American, Vol. 263, Nov. 1990, pp. 114-120.
35. Wootton, R. J., Herbert, R. C., Young, P. G., and Evans, K. E., "Approaches to the Structural Modeling of Insect Wings," Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, Vol. 358, Aug. 2003, pp. 1577-1587. doi:10.1098/rstb.2003.1351
36. Tarascio, M. J., and Chopra, I., "Design and Development of a Thrust Augmented Entomopter: An Advanced Flapping Wing Micro Hovering Air Vehicle," Proceedings of the 59th Annual Forum of the American Helicopter Society, AHS International, Alexandria, VA, May 2003.
37. Singh, B., Ramasamy, M., Chopra, I., and Leishman, J. G., "Insect Based Flapping Wings for Micro Hovering Air Vehicles: Experimental Investigations," American Helicopter Society International Specialists Meeting on Unmanned Rotorcraft, AHS International, Alexandria, VA, Jan. 2005.
38. Singh, B., and Chopra, I., "Wing Design and Optimization for a Flapping Wing Micro Air Vehicle," 60th Annual Forum of the American Helicopter Society, AHS International, Alexandria, VA, June 2004.
39. Banerjee, A. K., and Kane, T. R., "Dynamics of a Plate in Large Overall Motion," Journal of Applied Mechanics, Vol. 56, No. 14, Dec. 1989, pp. 887-892.
40. Banerjee, A. K., and Dickens, J. M., "Dynamics of an Arbitrary Flexible Body in Large Rotation, and Translation," Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, Vol. 13, No. 2, March 1990, pp. 221-227.
41. Jinyang, L., and Jiazhen, H., "Geometric Nonlinear Formulation and Discretization Method for a Rectangular Plate Undergoing Large Overall Motions," Mechanics Research Communications, Vol. 32, No. 5, Sept. 2005, pp. 561-571. doi:10.1016/j.mechrescom.2004.10.007
42. Reddy, J. N., Mechanics of Laminated Composite Plates, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1997.
43. Polhamus, E. C., "A Concept of the Vortex Lift of Sharp Edge Delta Wings Based on a Leading-Edge Suction Analogy," NASA TN D-3767, 1966.
44. Katz, J., and Plotkin, A., Low-Speed Aerodynamics, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, England, U.K., 2001.
45. Polhamus, E. C., "Predictions of Vortex-Lift Characteristics by a Leading-Edge Suction Analogy," Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 8, No. 4, April 1971, pp. 193-199.
46. Purvis, J. W., "Analytical Prediction of Vortex Lift," Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 18, No. 4, April 1981, pp. 225-230.
47. Leishman, J. G., Helicopter Aerodynamics, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, England, U.K., 2000.
48. Wang, Z. J., Birch, J. M., and Dickinson, M. H., "Unsteady Forces and Flows in Low Reynolds Number Hovering Flight: Two-Dimensional Computations vs Robotic Wing Experiments," Journal of Experimental Biology, Vol. 207, No. 3, Feb. 2004, pp. 449-460. doi:10.1242/jeb.00739
49. Daniel, T. L., and Combes, S.A., "Flexible Wings and Fins: Bending by Inertial or Fluid Dynamic Forces?," Integrative and Comparative Biology, Vol. 42, No. 5, 2002, pp. 1044-1049. doi:10.1093/icb/42.5.1044