The effect of diesel engine operating conditions on exhaust particle size distributions

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering

Volumn 222, Issue 8, 2008, Pages 1513-1525

  Armas, O ^a   Ballesteros, R ^a   Gomez A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CASTILLA LA MANCHA   (Spain)

Author keywords

Aerosol; Diesel; Engine operation; Minitunnel; Particulate matter; Scanning mobility particle sizer; Size distribution; Soot

Indexed keywords

AEROSOLS; DIESEL ENGINES; DIRECT INJECTION; EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION; FUEL ADDITIVES; PARTICLE SIZE; PARTICLE SIZE ANALYSIS; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; SOOT; SULFUR COMPOUNDS; VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS;

DIESEL; ENGINE OPERATIONS; MINITUNNEL; PARTICULATE MATTER; SCANNING MOBILITY PARTICLE SIZER;

PARTICLES (PARTICULATE MATTER);

EID: 51749095098     PISSN: 09544070     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1243/09544070JAUTO747     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Ishiguro, T., Suzuki, N., Fujitani, Y., and Moromoto, H. Microstructural changes of diesel soot during oxidation. Combust. Flame, 1991, 85(1), 1-6.
2. Particle instruments, TSI Incorporated, available from www.tsi.com, 1999.
3. Mayer, A., Matter, U., Scheidegger, Czerwinski, J., Wyser, M., Kieser, D., and Weidhofer, D. VERT: diesel nano-particulate emissions: properties and reduction strategies. SAE paper 980539, 1998.
4. Baumgard, K. J. and Johnson, J. H. The effect of fuel and engine design on diesel exhaust particle size distributions. SAE paper 960131, 1996.
5. Abdul-Khalek, I. S., Kittelson, D. B., Graskow, B. R., Wei, Q., and Brear, F. Diesel exhaust particle size: measurement issues and trends. SAE paper 980525, 1998.
6. Pagan, J. Study of particle size distributions emitted by a diesel engine. SAE paper 1999-01-1141, 1999.
7. Nakajima, T., Amami, K., Kawai, S., Mori, T., Yamaguchi, K., Sasaki, S., Tsuchiya, K., Tanaka, K., Kashiwakura, K., Tsuchida, E., Kurosawa, Y., Oyama, K., Nakano, T., Shibata, G., Akimoto, J., and Okamoto, K. Research on technology for reduction of fine particles and hazardous air pollutants from engine exhaust gas emissions. Report 00M4.1.7, Petroleum Energy Center, Japan, 2000.
8. Desantes, J. M., Bermúdez, V., García, J. M., and Fuentes, E. Effects of current engine strategies on the exhaust aerosol particle size distribution from a heavy-duty diesel engine. J. Aerosol Sci., 2005, 36(10), 1251-1276.
9. Gruber, M. and Klawatsch, D. Influences of motor parameters and fuel quality on particulate emissions. In the European Automotive Congress, Conference IV: Energy Saving and Emission Reduction, Barcelona, Spain, 1999, pp. 129-141.
10. Kreso, A., Johnson, J. H., Gratz, L., Bagley, S., and Leddy, D. A study of the effects of exhaust gas recirculation on heavy-duty diesel engine emissions. SAE paper 981422, 1998.
11. Rickeard, D. J., Bateman, J. R., Kwon, Y. K., McAughey, J. J., and Dickens, C. J. Exhaust particulate size distribution: vehicle and fuel influences in light duty vehicles. SAE paper 961980, 1996.
12. Lapuerta, M., Hernández, J. J., Ballesteros, R., and Durán, A. Composition and size of diesel particulate emissions from a commercial European engine tested with present and future fuels. Proc. Instn Mech. Engrs, Part D: J. Automobile Engineering, 2003, 217, 907-919.
13. Baumgard, K. J. and Johnson, J. H. The effect of low sulfur fuel and a ceramic particle filter on diesel exhaust particle size distributions. SAE paper 920566, 1992.
14. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Revisions to the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Particulate Matter. Fedl Register, 1987, 52, 24634-24669.
15. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Particulate Matter - final rule. Fedl Register, 1997, 62, 38652-38701.
16. Council Directive 96/62/EC sobre evaluación y gestión de la calidad del aire. Official Journal of European Communities L296, 21 November 1996.
17. Council Directive 1999/30/EC del 22 de Abril de 1999 relativa al establecimiento de valores límite para el dióxido de azufre, óxidos de nitrógeno, material particulado y plomo en el aire ambiente. Official Journal of European Communities L163/ 41-59, 1999.
18. Commission decision of 29 April 2004 concerning guidelines for a provisional reference method for sampling and measuring PM2.5. Official Journal of European Communities L160, 30 April 2004.
19. Emission Standards: European Union. Cars and light trucks. EURO 1-2: Directive 93/59/EC. Official Journal of European Communities L186, 28 July 1993.
20. Emission Standards: European Union. Cars and light trucks. EURO 3-4: Directive 98/69/EC. Official Journal of European Communities L350, 28 December 1998.
21. Emission Standards: USA. Cars and light trucks. Tier 1 (CAAA, 1991), Tier 2 (CAAA, 1999).
22. Emission Standards: European Union. Off-road diesel engines. Directive 2000/25/EC. Official Journal of European Communities L173, 12 July 2000.
23. Emission Standards: European Union. Heavy-duty diesel truck and bus engines. Directive 1999/96/ EC. Official Journal of European Communities L044. 16 February 2000. Directive 2001/27/EC. Official Journal of European Communities L107, 18 April 2001.
24. Andersson, J. D., Brown, A. J. M., Clarke, D. P., Lance, D. L., McGrath, N. J., and Savill, R. H. UK Particle Measurement Programme - heavy duty methodology development. Final report, Project PPAD 9/33/76, 2001, Report conducted for the Department of Transport.
25. Dickens, C J., Payne, E. L., Reading, A. H., and Feest, E. A. Particle Measurement Programme. Final report of phase 1 of module 3: development of candidate systems - light duty vehicles. Final report, AEAT/DDSE/R/ED15003, AEA Technology, 2002.
26. Mohr, M. and Lehmann, U. Comparison study of particle measurement systems for future type approval application. Research report 202779, EMPA, 2003.
27. Ballesteros, R. Análisis experimental de las emisiones de partículas de un motor diesel con combustibles convencionales y alternativos. Tesis Doctoral, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain, 2002.
28. Gómez, A. Metodología para determinar distribuciones de tamaños de partículas diesel mediante un sistema de medida de movilidad eléctrica. Tesis Doctoral, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain, 2006.
29. Emission Standards: European Union. Propuesta de Directiva del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo por la que se modifica la Directiva 70/220/CEE sobre medidas que deben tomarse contra la contaminación atmosférica causada por las emisiones de vehículos a motor. Official Journal of the European Communities 2001/C 240 E/1, 2001.
30. Armas, O., Gómez, A., and Herreros, J. M. Uncertainties in the determination of particle size distributions using a minitunnel-SMPS system during diesel engine testing. Measmt Sci. Technol., 2007, 18, 2121-2130.
31. Kittelson, D. B., Watts, W. F., and Arnold, M. Review of diesel particulate matter sampling methods - supplemental report #2: aerosol dynamics, laboratory and on-road studies. Report, University of Minnesota, USA, 1998.
32. Mayer, A., Czerwinski, J., and Scheidegger, P. Trapping efficiency depending on particulate size. SAE paper 960472, 1996.
33. Hawker, P., Hüthwohl, G., Henn, J., Koch, W., Lüders, H., Lüers, B., and Stommel, P. Effect of a continuously regenerating diesel particulate filter on non-regulated emissions and particle size distribution. SAE paper 980189, 1998.
34. Armas, O., Ballesteros, R., and Gómez, A. Morphological analysis of particulate matter emitted by a diesel engine using digital image analysis algorithms and scanning mobility particle sizer. SAE paper 2001-01-3618, 2001.
35. Vogt, R., Scheer, V., Casati, R., and Benter, T. Onroad measurement of particle emission in the exhaust plume of a diesel passenger car. Environmental Sci. Technol., 2003, 37, 4070-4076.
36. Giechaskiel, B., Ntziachristos, L., Samaras, Z., Scheer, V., Casati, R., and Vogt, R. Formation potential of vehicle exhaust nucleation mode particles on-road and in the laboratory. Atmos. Environ., 2005, 39, 3191-3198.
37. Wall, J. C. and Hoekman, S. K. Fuel composition effects on heavy-duty diesel particulate emissions. SAE paper 841364, 1984.
38. Zelenka, P., Krieger, W., Herzog, P. L., and Cartellieri, W. P. Ways toward the clean heavy-duty diesel. SAE paper 900602, 1990.
39. Durán, A., Monteagudo, J. M., Armas, O., and Hernández, J. J. Scrubbing effect on diesel particulate matter from transesterified waste oils blends. Fuel, 2006, 85, 923-928.
40. Molina, S. Estudio de la influencia de los pará metros de inyección y la recirculación de gases de escape sobre el proceso de combustión, las prestaciones y las emisiones de un motor diesel de 1,8 litros de cilindrada. Tesis doctoral, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Spain, 2003.
41. Armas, O. Diagnóstico experimental del proceso de combustión en motores diesel de inyección directa. Tesis doctoral, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Spain, 1998.
42. Rönkkö, T., Virtanen, A., Vaaraslahti, K., Keskinen, J., Pirjola, L., and Lappi, M. Effect of dilution conditions and driving parameters on nucleation mode particles in diesel exhaust: laboratory and onroad study. Atmos. Environ., 2006, 40(16), 2893-2901.